Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables(變量): language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To deal with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.   
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment lie in the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural differences. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from disappearing.   
The other school suggests that companies must adjust business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia(近視) or even blindness.   
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your rivals, know your audience, and know your customer.   
【小題1】According to the passage, which of the following is true?   

A．Business diversity is not necessary.
B．All international managers can learn culture.
C．Most people do not know foreign culture well.
D．Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.
【小題2】According to the author, the model of Pepsi               .   
A．is different from the model of McDonald’s .
B．reflect the idea that business is business.
C．has converged cultural differences .
D．shows the reverse of globalization .
【小題3】The two schools of thought              .   
A．both think dealing with cultural environment is the most complicated problem in business
B．both admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world.
C．both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries.
D．both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures.
【小題4】This article is supposed to be most useful for those                .   
A．who have connections to more than one type of culture
B．who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
C．who want to run business in other countries
D．who want to travel abroad


【小題1】C
【小題1】A
【小題1】C
【小題1】D

解析

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The western world has always been divided into two types of people—the cool and the uncool. It is a division that  1   in school. The cool kids are good at   2  .They are   3   with the opposite sexお and are good-looking and people want to   4   their style. They can do their homework but they don’t make a big effort. That would   5   be cool.

The uncool kids are in the other corner of the playground. They are very bright, but they don’t have great  6  skills and they are   7  at sports. When they are not programming computers or doing calculus（微積分）in their heads, they are reading comic books and watching shows like the “X Files”. They are   8   as the geeks (做低級滑稽表演的人).

Here’s the news. The geeks are   9   . Make friends with them now or they will put virus in your computer and  10   your math homework to ruin. Geeks might not be popular at school, yet they do pass their examinations, and they might not be too popular at university, but   11   good degrees.

The most important  12   of the 21st century, computers and IT, has been at least partly created by geeks. Geek heroes like Bill Gates  13   others to follow their example. Being a geek is a way of earning good money. And the creation of the Internet gave them a  14   of their own to work and play in, making them a global   15  .Besides, the effect of the geeks   16   popular culture has started a new trend（趨勢）. It is now cool to be   17  .Geek culture is becoming an important part of general popular culture, in which what you know is more important than  18   you look like.

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