51.A.desire | B.seek | C.lose | D.dislike |
52.A.contrary | B.expectation | C.degree | D.extreme |
53.A.vice versa | B.for example | C.however | D.otherwise |
54.A.outside | B.inside | C.below | D.above |
55.A.replacing | B.assessing | C.managing | D.encouraging |
56.A.refer | B.contribute | C.object | D.apply |
57.A.agreement | B.practice | C.election | D.impression |
58.A.bossy | B.experienced | C.western | D.male |
59.A.asking | B.training | C.warning | D.firing |
60.A.doubling | B.maintaining | C.reducing | D.estimating |
61.A.honoured | B.left | C.crowded | D.compared |
62.A.economically | B.traditionally | C.inadequately | D.occasionally |
63.A.deny | B.admit | C.assume | D.ensure |
64.A.virtual | B.ineffective | C.day-to-day | D.on-the-scene |
65.A.opinion | B.risk | C.performance | D.attractiveness |
分析 本篇主要介紹了美國著名管理大師以及行為科學家麥格雷戈的"X理論-Y理論"--消極的X理論,即人性本惡,在工作中人本能地不喜歡工作;積極的Y理論,即人性本善,在工作中人都有在工作中獲得滿足感的潛能.
解答 51-55 DABDC 56-60 BADAC 61-65 BBDAC
51.D desire 需求,欲望;seek 尋找; lose 失去,丟失; dislike 不喜歡.本句簡單介紹了X理論,由后半句and will do anything to avoid it可以推知,人們本能地_______工作,這里應該是dislike.
52.A many managers still agree to Theory X(管理者們仍然同意X理論),由despite…still關鍵詞可知,即使有很多關于Y理論的有力證據,管理者仍然堅持X理論,因而,空格處代表的是"Y理論",即是X理論的相反,故選contrary.
53.B vice versa 反之亦然;for example,比如;however 然而;otherwise 否則.根據整句內容,這里是順勢舉例,沒有轉折的意思,因此為for example.
54.D 根據前后句的解釋,X理論是一種贊同專制的理論,因此此處為above(上頭,上面的階級),表示決定impose(強加)自上頭,在沒有任何協(xié)商的情況下(without any consultation).
55.C 由后文內容可知,不同的文化,有不同的管理人的辦法,在這一點上,西方開始效仿東方國家.這里為managing.
56.B 根據文化常識,東方國家要求他人服從/奉獻,因此all members of the department or work group are asked to (56)____to this process.此處為contribute to…,選項為B.
57.A 根據文化常識推理,東方國家是在普遍的認可下做出決定,因此此處西方國家效仿東方國家,所作的決定是基于普遍的認同下的,Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things,which are based on general (57)_____.此處為agreement.
58.D Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional (58)___ managers cannot.此處指出女性能夠成為效率更高的管理者,因為她們有讓人達到共同目標的手段,這里存在男性和女性的對比,that引導定語從句,表示"男性沒有的一種力量",因而為male.
59.A 由前一句可知to encourage employees to use their own initiative(鼓勵員工的主動性),因此后一句表達"不需要征詢管理者的同意",征詢,asking.
60.C 此句關鍵字為downsizing(精簡,裁員),因而冒號后為解釋前句的意思,因此為reducing(減少).
61.B 后一句為After de-layering in this way的結果,可知結果是"只剩下了最高的高級管理者,最前沿的管理者以及直接接觸公眾的雇員(a top level of senior managers,front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public),答案B.
62.B Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has (62)___been the case.比起傳統(tǒng)中自己處理事情,授權更多地采用委托他人來解決事情.根據句意,應為traditionally.
63.D deny否定,admit 承認,assume 奪取,假定,ensure 確保;此處提到授權的好處,應該是"確保",答案為D.
64.A virtual虛擬的,ineffective無效的,day-to-day 日復一日的,on-the-scene 現場的,根據后文內容,teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses,可知是虛擬的.
65.C opinion 意見,risk 風險,performance 表現,attractiveness 吸引力,本句句意是"管理者對員工的表現的考核是根據他們?yōu)轫椖孔鞒龅呢暙I,而不是他們在上面所花的時間",因而答案為C.
點評 作答此題,考生需根據前后文對句子表達的意思進行推導,理清前后文的邏輯關系,注意抓住關鍵詞和關鍵句所透露出的信息.在平時,考生需注意詞匯的積累,避免因為詞匯而造成對文章理解的困難.
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