American researchers found females are the more talkative sex because of a special “l(fā)anguage protein(蛋白質(zhì))” in the brain.
The study, conducted by neuroscientists （神經(jīng)學(xué)家）and psychologists from the University of Maryland, concluded that women talked more because they had more of the Foxp2 protein. The research, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, found that higher levels were found among humans that were women but in rats that were males. Their findings came after it was previously claimed that ladies speak about 20,000 words a day—over 13,000 more than men. “This study is one of the first to report a sex difference in the expression of a language-associated protein in humans or animals,” said Prof Margaret McCarthy, who led the study. In their study, the researchers attempted to determine what might make male rats more vocal（能發(fā)出聲音或語言的） than their female friends.
They separated four-day-old rats from their mothers and then counted the number of times they cried out in the “ultrasonic（超聲波的） range”, the frequencies higher than humans can hear, over five minutes. While both sexes called out hundreds of cries, the males called out twice as often, they found. But when the pups幼崽were returned to their mother’s cage, she fussed over her sons first. Tests conducted on the parts of the brain known to be associated with vocalcalls showed the male pups have up to twice as much Foxp2 protein as the females. The researchers then increased the production in the brains of female pups and reduced it in males. This led to the female rats crying out more often and their mothers showing more interest to them. In contrast, males became less “talkative”.
The researchers then tested samples from ten children, aged between three and five, which showed that females had up to 30 per cent more of the Foxp2 protein than males, in a brain area key to language in humans.
“Based on our observations, we assume higher levels of Foxp2 in girls and higher levels of Foxp2 in male rats is an indication that Foxp2 protein levels are associated with the more communicative sex,” said Prof McCarthy.
“Our results imply Foxp2 as a component of the neurobiological basis of sex differences in vocal communication in mammals.”
【小題1】From the second paragraph, we can learn that ________.
| A．women always speak more words than men |
| B．men and male rats have low levels of language protein |
| C．women and male rats have similar levels of Foxp2 |
| D．McCarthy isn’t the first to find females more talkative |
| A．paid attention to | B．related to | C．put pressure on | D．counted on |
| A．test which part of the brain is key to language in rats and humans |
| B．prove the levels of Foxp2 protein in humans and rats are different |
| C．determine the reason why female rats are more talkative than male rats |
| D．discover the association between Foxp2protein and vocal communication |
| A．Tests on humans and rats | B．Why women are the talkative sex |
| C．Sex differences in fussed over | D．Foxp2 protein determines oral ability |
【小題1】D
【小題2】A
【小題3】D
【小題4】B
解析試題分析：本文主要講解美國(guó)研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)女性比男性更健談，因?yàn)樗齻兇竽X中有一種“語言蛋白質(zhì)”比男性要多，在老鼠的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，雄性比雌性多。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：Their findings came after it was previously claimed that ladies speak about 20,000 words a day—over 13,000 more than men. 可知McCarthy 不是第一個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)女性健談的科學(xué)家。選D
【小題2】猜詞題：從第三段的句子：But when the pups幼崽 were returned to their mother’s cage, she fussed over her sons first. Tests conducted on the parts of the brain known to be associated with vocalcalls showed the male pups have up to twice as much Foxp2 protein as the females.可知?jiǎng)游飲寢尭鼉A向于Foxp2蛋白質(zhì)含量較高的孩子。選A
【小題3】推理題：從第二段的最后一句話和最后兩段的內(nèi)容，可知對(duì)老鼠的實(shí)驗(yàn)主要發(fā)現(xiàn)Foxp2蛋白質(zhì)和聲音的交流的聯(lián)系，選D
【小題4】主旨題：文章本文主要講解美國(guó)研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)女性比男性更健談，因?yàn)樗齻兇竽X中有一種“語言蛋白質(zhì)”比男性要多，所以文章主要是講為什么女性更加健談。選B
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You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That’s why he created Lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain sensing umbrella.
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The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors(傳感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians (行人) shelter whenever it starts raining.
In addition to the rain sensor, there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.
According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.
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【小題1】For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?
| A．To predict a heavy rain. |
| B．To check the weather forecast. |
| C．To protect people from the rain. |
| D．To remind people to take an umbrella. |
| A．His creation was inspired by an experience. |
| B．It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg. |
| C．Street lamps are protected by canopies. |
| D．He enjoyed taking walks in the rain. |
| A．motor→canopy→sensors | B．sensors→motor→canopy |
| C．motor→sensors→canopy | D．canopy→motor→sensors |
| A．The designer will open a company to promote his product. |
| B．The Lampbrella could be put into immediate production. |
| C．The designer is confident that his creation is practical. |
| D．The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow. |
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【小題1】We learn from Paragraph 1 that _____.
| A．the government is usually the first to name a place |
| B．a(chǎn) ceremony will be held when a place is named |
| C．people prefer the place names given by the government |
| D．many places tend to have more than one name |
| A．Selector Airbase. | B．Raffles Place. |
| C．Piccadilly Circus. | D．Paya Lebar Crescent. |
| A．Change suddenly. | B．Change greatly. |
| C．Disappear very slowly. | D．Disappear quickly. |
| A．a(chǎn)fter a place | B．a(chǎn)fter an activity |
| C．a(chǎn)fter a person | D．by its shape |
| A．The way Singaporeans name their places is unique. |
| B．Some places in Singapore are named for military（軍事） purposes. |
| C．Young Singaporeans have forgotten the pioneers. |
| D．Some place names in Singapore are the same as in Britain. |
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【小題1】A person with empathy is often _____.
| A．kind-hearted | B．clever | C．a(chǎn)ctive | D．strong |
| A．Because they were not hungry at that time. |
| B．Because chocolate was not their favorite food. |
| C．Because they wanted to save the trapped rats first. |
| D．Because they were afraid that the chocolate was bad. |
| A．Monkeys. | B．Chimpanzees. | C．Rats. | D．Cats. |
| A．Rats can feel other animals’ pain. |
| B．Chocolate is rats’ favorite food. |
| C．Rats are empathetic and can feel each other’s pain. |
| D．Female rats are more empathetic than male rats. |
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We can stay young forever. That is the message Dr. Shen Ziyin wants to give the world. And the Chinese doctor claims that he has found an answer to the problems of aging.
His solution is a herbal medicine to slow the process of aging.
Dr. Shen Ziyin has been trained in Western medicine. At the same time he studied traditional Chinese medicine. And, he has been working for the past forty years to put together the best of both and find a cure for aging. He has
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According to Shen, it is the kidney（腎臟）which adjusts the functioning of the body as well as aging process, says a report in The Telegraph newspaper.
We notice that when people grow old, they have reduced strength, loss of hair, backache, weakness in general, and wrinkles, among others. This happens because when people grow old, their bodies produce T-cells. These T-cells contain a particular substance called Fas. Fas makes the cells in the body destruct themselves.
So the only way to slow down aging is to slow the production of T-cells in the body. This can happen if people eat low calorie food. Then the body is not active enough to produce extra T-cells. But, is going hungry all the time a good price to pay for staying young?
This is where Dr. Shen’s herbal medicine comes in. But how effective it will be, only time can tell.
【小題1】How did Dr. Shen find the solution to the problem of aging?
| A．By studying Western medicine. |
| B．By learning traditional Chinese medicine. |
| C．By combining both Western and Chinese medicine. |
| D．By doing research on both Western and Chinese people. |
| A．Medical treatment. | B．People’s good kidney. |
| C．Level of people’s activity. | D．Positive life attitude. |
| A．their bodies produce T-cells |
| B．their bodies are unable to fight diseases |
| C．they have reduced strength, loss of hair |
| D．they become weaker and weaker |
| A．producing more low calorie food allows people to keep young |
| B．the more Chinese herbal medicine people drink, the better for health |
| C．people should try to quicken the production of T-cells in the body |
| D．it remains unknown how effective Dr. Shen’s herbal medicine is |
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“After a while，we figured out that probably the best way is to go for a mass-market way，” says Gaze’s Sune Alstrup Johansen．“where everybody would have this available．"
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And even as companies like The Eye Tribe work to create such a product for the average user, making the eye-controlled technology more accessible and less expensive will have similar benefits for physically disabled users.
For more articles on modern science，please CLICK here．
【小題1】Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
| A．An introduction of a new device． |
| B．An introduction of smart-phones． |
| C．An introduction of eye-controlling technology． |
| D．An introduction of a new technology for the disabled． |
| A．a(chǎn) trick | B．a(chǎn) way | C．a(chǎn) lie | D．a(chǎn) dream |
| A．the eye-controlling technology was first developed for the blind |
| B．the present developing 0f the technology will bring no good |
| C．there is no such a phone as we can use only with our eyes at present |
| D．the eye-controlling technology is only intended for the disabled people |
| A．a(chǎn)n experiment report | B．a(chǎn) science fiction |
| C．a(chǎn) school textbook | D．a(chǎn) science website |
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In one study, researchers in the United States examined information on more than 1000 people. The people had taken part in a long-term study of sleep disorders.
Some people slept less than five hours a night. They had 15 percent higher blood levels of a hormone called ghrelin than people who slept eight hours. And they had 15 percent less of the hormone leptin. Experts say ghrelin helps make people feel hungry; leptin makes you feel full.
The scientists say these hormonal changes may be a cause of obesity in Western societies. They note the combination that sleep limitation is common and food is widely available.
The results were not affected by how much people exercised. People who are awake longer have more time to burn energy. But the researchers say loss of sleep may increase hunger especially for high-calorie foods, so people gain weight. It seems that, for survival, the body may be designed to store more fat during times with less sleep.
Researchers from Stanford University in California and the University of Wisconsin did the study. They found that the best amount of sleep for weight control is 7.7 hours a night.The Public Library of Science published the findings in its journal Medicine . Internet users can read the full study, free of charge, at plos. org.
【小題1】Not enough sleep can cause obesity by ______.
| A．burning more of your energy |
| B．making you want to eat more food |
| C．keeping you from doing exercise |
| D．helping you feel great without food |
| A．have your ghrelin level rise and leptin level drop |
| B．have your leptin level rise and ghrelin level drop |
| C．have your ghretin and leptin levels properly balanced |
| D．have your hunger increase and your weight decrease |
| A．Only on the Internet |
| B．only in Medicine |
| C．Both on the Internet and in Medicine |
| D．Neither on the Internet nor in Medicine |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Poor Oral Health Leads to Social and Emotional Problems
A new report says nearly four-billion people have major tooth decay, or cavities. That number represents more than half of the world's population. Health officials are warning that failure to repair cavities can lead to social and emotional problems.
Wagner Marcenes is with the Institute of Dentistry at Queen Mary, University of London. He led a team of researchers as part of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. About 500 researchers attempt to collect and examine studies about all major diseases. They used the information to estimate rates of the infection.
The report says untreated tooth decay is the most common of all 291 major diseases and injuries. Professor Marcenes says cavities or holes in permanent teeth are also known as caries.
"Caries is a chronic disease that shares the same risk factors as cancer, cardiovascular disease. What we're having now is an increase in disease from highly developed countries happening in sub-Saharan Africa and probably it will be in other areas of Africa, too."
He says an increase in tooth decay in Africa could be a result of developing countries becoming more like Western nations.
"It is likely to be related to a change in diet. Our industrialized diet leads to chronic disease, which includes caries. And that may be the main explanation."
Western diets are rich in sugar, a leading cause of health problems in the mouth. Wagner Marcenes says oral health problems can have a major effect on a person's quality of life. First, cavities make eating difficult. Second, people may change what they eat. They may eat softer foods that are not hard to chew. However, softer foods are often fattier foods.
But professor Marcenes says the biggest issue in tooth decay is both social and mental. He says the researchers found strong evidence that the mouth has a big influence on socialization. He says many people want to hide bad teeth. They smile less and communicate less.
Wagner Marcenes is calling for an "urgent, organized, social response" to the widespread lack of oral health. He believes in a natural method to fight tooth decay by having a healthier diet. He is also calling for the development of new and less costly dental materials and treatments.
【小題1】From the passage, we know that Wagner Marcenes ______.
| A．works as the leader of the Institute of Dentistry at Queen Mary, University of London. |
| B．a(chǎn)nd his researchers accumulate some studies to find out some ways to cure all major disease. |
| C．is in charge of the activity to estimate the infection rate with the collected and examined studies about all major studies. |
| D．thinks that the most serious problem caused by tooth decay is cancer that will last for a long time. |
| A．is listed in the most common of all 291 major diseases and injuries which will last for a long time.. |
| B．is closely related to industrialized diet which calls for people to eat slowly. |
| C．increases in Africa now because developing countries are becoming developed countries. |
| D．will cause phychological disorder which will affect people’s communication. |
| A．a(chǎn)rouse people’s concern about caries and take measures to deal with it. |
| B．tell the result of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. |
| C．warn people in Africa to adjust their diet to prevent caries. |
| D．tell doctors that caries affects a person’s quality of life. |
| A．indifferent | B．concerned | C．a(chǎn)ngry | D．negative |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
In the past, man did not have to think about protection of the environment. There were very few people on the earth, and natural resources seemed to be unlimited.
Today things are different. The world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly, and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on the earth will not survive.
Everyone realizes today that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none left. Yet, with modern fishing methods, more and more fish are caught. We know that if too many trees are cut down, forests will disappear and nothing will grow on land. Yet, we continue to use more powerful machines to cut down more and more trees.
We realize that if rivers are polluted with waste products from factories, we will die. However, in most countries waste is still put into rivers, but there are few laws to stop this.
We also know that if the population of the countries in the world is to rise at the present rate in a few years, there will not be enough food.
What can we do to solve these problems?
If we eat more vegetables and less meat, there will be more food available for everyone. Land that is used to grow crops can feed five times more people than land where animals are kept.
Our natural resources will last longer if we learn to recycle them.
The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of birth control.
Finally, if all of us think about the problem, we will have a better and cleaner planet in the future.
【小題1】This passage mainly tells us about ______.
| A．the problems we are facing today about environment and the ways to solve them |
| B．the unlimited natural resources in the world |
| C．our rivers are being polluted by waste from factories |
| D．the ways early man protected the environment |
| A．If we eat more vegetables, more food can be saved. |
| B．In the past, there was no need for people to think about environmental protection. |
| C．If we keep on cutting trees, forests will disappear. |
| D．We shouldn’t take more and more fish out of the sea, or there will soon be no fish left. |
| A．Man is cleverer than any other animal. |
| B．Man will destroy himself if he doesn’t solve the problem. |
| C．Modern fishing methods are helpful in our fishing industry. |
| D．We should make more laws in order to survive. |
| A．will never be used up | B．a(chǎn)re being polluted |
| C．a(chǎn)re as plentiful as in the past | D．a(chǎn)re being used up very quickly |
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