81 .--How much did you ________for the pen? --Five yuan.

           A. cost          B. take          C. pay           D. buy

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

A political scientist from Indiana University whose work exploring how people come together to preserve their collective resources may provide important clues in the fight against climate change has become the first woman to win the Nobel prize for economics.

Elinor Ostrom, 76, shares 2009 Nobel prize with fellow American academic Oliver Williamson, 77. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced to the world the pair had been chosen to win the 40th prize in economic sciences.

For Ostrom, the award came, as a "big surprise". To rise to the peak of her area of learning has been a big journey, as she has had to struggle against her own weaknesses and the barriers of the system. At school in Los Angeles, she suffered from stuttering. She also faced the barriers common to most women of her generation entering the sciences --- she was discouraged from taking a PhD when she applied for graduate school.

Her field of study has been striking for how cross-disciplinary it is. Early on she gained a reputation for bringing economics, political science and sociology together.

What interests her is how common property can be managed successfully through groups in society. The findings of her research have been striking, as the Nobel committee pointed out, because they have challenged the traditional assumption that common property is poorly managed unless it is either controlled by government or privatized. She has shown how different individuals can band together and form collectives that protect the resource at hand.

“A lot of people are waiting for more international co-operation to solve global warming.” Ostrom said , “It is important that there is international agreement, but we can be taking steps at family level, community level, civic and national level … There are many steps that can be taken. That will not solve it on their own but continuously will make a big difference.”

81. How did Ostrom feel when she got the prize?  (not more than 3 words)

82. What does “cross-disciplinary” mean according to the passage?  (not more than 9 words)

83. Why was Ostrom advised not to take a PhD when she applied for graduate school?  (not more than 9 words)

84. Why was Ostrom awarded the Nobel prize for economics?  (not more than 16 words)

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2012-2013學(xué)年湖南省高三10月聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀表達(dá)

I was shopping in the supermarket when I heard a young voice boom from across the aisle.

 “Mom, come here! There’s this lady here my size!”

 The mother rushed to a boy she called Mickey; then she turned to me to apologize.

 I smiled and told her, “It’s okay.” Then I talked to the boy, “Hi, Mickey, I’m Darry Kramer. How are you?”

 He studied me from head to toe, and asked, “Are you a little mommy?”

 “Yes, I have a son.”I answered.

 “Why are you so little?” he asked.

 “. . . It is the way I was born. ” I said. “ Some people are little. Some are tall. I’m just not going to grow any bigger. ” After about five more minutes of answering questions, I shook Mickey’s hand, and say doodbye to them.

 My life as a little person is filled with stories like that. I enjoy talking to children and explaining why I look different from their parents. It has taken many years to develop my confidence to be able to do that.

 It takes only one glance to see my uniqueness. I stand three feet, nine inches tall. I was born an achondroplasia dwarf（侏儒）. Despite this, my parents encouraged me to do all the things the kids around me did when I was growing up. When my neighbors got two-wheel bikes, I got a two- wheel bike. When they roller-skated, I roller-skated. I didn’t realize how short I was until I started school. There, a few kids picked on me, calling me names. Then I knew. After that, I began to hate the first day of school each year. I didn’t know who was new and would stare at me as I struggled to climb the school bus stairs.

 As time went on, I just tried to smile and accept the fact that I was going to be noticed my whole life. I was determined to make my uniqueness an advantage rather than a disadvantage. What I lacked in height, I made up for in personality.

 I’m 47 now, and the stares have not diminished as I’ve grown older. People look in disbelief when they see me get out of my car off the driver’s side. During those times, I try to keep a good attitude. When people are rude, I remind myself, “Look what else I have—a great family. Nice friends. ”

 And it’s the children’s questions that make my life special. When I talk with children, they leave content that their questions have been answered. My hope is that in taking time with them, I will encourage them to accept their peers whatever size and shape they come in, and treat them with respect.

81. How was the author brought up? （no more than 9 words）(2 marks)

82. Why does the author enjoy talking to children? （no more than 12 words）(3marks)

83. When did the author realize that she was short? （no more than 4 words）(2 marks)

84.Please use several words to describe the author’s personalities. (no more than 6 words(3marks)

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市同升湖實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校20092010學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中考試試題（英語(yǔ)） 題型：其他題

SECTION B (10 points )

Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

The average college student in America spent an estimated 700 dollars on textbooks last year. The National Association of College Stores reported more than five billion dollars in sales of textbooks and course materials.

Association spokesman Charles Schmidt says electronic textbooks now represent just two to three percent of sales. But he says that is expected to reach 10 to 15 percent by 2012.

Online versions are now available for many of the most popular college textbooks. E-textbooks can cost half the price of a new print textbook. But students usually lose access after the end of the term. And the books cannot be placed on more than one device, so they are not easy to share.

So what do students think of e-textbooks? Administrators at Northwest Missouri State University wanted to find out. Earlier this year they tested them with 500 students in 20 classes.

The students in the survey reported that downloading the books from the Internet was easy. They liked the idea of carrying lighter backpacks. And 56 percent said they were better able to find information.

But most found that using e-textbooks did not change their study habits. And 60 percent felt they read more when they were reading on paper. In all, almost half the students said they still liked physical textbooks better.

But the survey found that cost could be a big influence. 55 percent said they would choose e-textbooks if using them meant their textbook rental fee would not increase.

Roger Von Holzen heads the Center for Information Technology in Education at Northwest Missouri State. He tells us that administrators are disappointed with the e-textbooks now available because the majority are not interactive.

He thinks growth will come when more digital books include video, activities, games and other ways to interact with the information. The technology is improving. But for now, most of the books are just words on a screen.

81. How much do the average college student in America spend on textbooks last year? （no more than 4 words）

______________________________________________________________________________

82. What is the percentage of the e-textbook sales now according to Charles Schmidt? （no more than 4 words）

______________________________________________________________________________

83. What do students think of downloading the books from the Internet in the survey? （no more than 2 words）

______________________________________________________________________________

84. Why are administrators disappointed with the e-textbooks now available? （no more than 6 words）

______________________________________________________________________________

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：安徽省銅陵市2010屆高三下學(xué)期第三次模擬考試試題（英語(yǔ)） 題型：其他題

第Ⅱ卷

第四部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分35分）

第一節(jié)對(duì)話(huà)填空（共10��；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分10分）

閱讀下面對(duì)話(huà)，掌握其大意，并根據(jù)所給字母的提示，在標(biāo)有題號(hào)的右邊橫線(xiàn)上寫(xiě)出一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞的完整、正確形式，使對(duì)話(huà)通順。

M: You are a stamp-collector, aren't you？

W: I particularly like this h   76   .                               76.          

I have collected stamps for more than nine years.

M: Nine years? That's a   77 ! How did you keep                    77.          

this hobby for such a long time? I u  78      to collect stamps       78.          

when I was in high school. But soon I felt b   79                    79.          

and then stop the hobby.

W: How did you collect stamps t   80  ?                          80.          

M: Well, I bought new issues at the post office

and put them into my stamp a   81  . How about you?              81.          

W: I narrow down my collection to one t   82  , that is,              82.          

Chinese Characters. I collect Chinese and f   83   stamps.           83.          

W: That sounds e   84  .                                       84.          

M: Yes, b   85  , I also take part in stamp exhibitions.                85.       

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2010年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（湖南卷）模擬卷2 題型：其他題

SECTION B

Directions：Read the following passage．Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit．Write your answers on your answer sheet.

According to the sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer (贈(zèng)與) leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge (顯現(xiàn)) as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent（可靠的）evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually (actually) any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.

Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive (有表現(xiàn)力的) leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective（集體的）well beings of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize (將……減到最少) tension and conflict among them.

Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who prevent attaining the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate（培養(yǎng)）a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in achieving group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.

81. How are leaders usually chosen? (不超過(guò)12個(gè)單詞)

__________________________________________________________

82. What do expressive leaders generally focus on? （不超過(guò)5個(gè)詞）

__________________________________________________________

83. What kind of person may be considered a leader according to the writer? (不超過(guò)17個(gè)單詞)

__________________________________________________________

84. What does the passage mainly discuss? （不超過(guò)8個(gè)詞）

__________________________________________________________

 

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