People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均勻的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
"We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions," Jack said. "Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth."
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. "The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions," Jack said. "Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less."
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
【小題1】The discovery shows that Westerners         .

A．pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth
B．consider facial expressions universally reliable
C．observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D．have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
【小題2】 What were the people asked to do in the study?
A．To make a face at each other. B．To get their faces impressive.
C．To classify some face pictures. D．To observe the researchers' faces.
【小題3】 What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A．The participants in the study.
B．The researchers of the study.
C．The errors made during the study.
D．The data collected from the study.
【小題4】 In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to         .
A．do translation more successfully
B．study the mouth more frequently
C．examine the eyes more attentively
D．read facial expressions more correctly
【小題5】What can be the best title for the passage?
A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul
B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions
C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills
D．How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding


【小題1】A
【小題2】C
【小題3】A
【小題4】C
【小題5】B

解析本文為科普說明文。主要介紹了最新的科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：東方人比西方人更難于讀懂他人的面部表情。
【小題1】A
考點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)理解題
解析：根據(jù)第三段 “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.” 可以得出答案
【小題2】C
考點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)理解題
解析：根據(jù)第五段 “…by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral.”可以判斷選C
【小題3】A
考點(diǎn)：詞義猜測
解析：根據(jù)定語從句 “that they show”所修飾的 eye movements 在研究中為the participants 所作（從the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people”可知）可判斷選A
【小題4】C
考點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)理解題
解析：根據(jù)第六段 “It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners.”可判斷選C
【小題5】B
考點(diǎn)：主旨大意題
解析：文章首先指出科學(xué)研究的最新發(fā)現(xiàn)：東方人比西方人更難于讀懂人的面部表情。之后更具體地介紹研究的結(jié)構(gòu)及其研究過程，最后得出結(jié)論：文化差異豐富了理解情感的基本社會(huì)技巧，即：不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不盡相同。由此判斷最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)為B

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

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【小題1】The best title for this passage would be ___________.

A．Apophis Asteroid, a Possible Destroyer of Earth 
B．Apophis, a Good Name for Dangerous Asteroid 
C．Our Planet Will Be Ruined in 2036 
D．Scientists Study Apophis Asteroid 
【小題2】The name Apophis mentioned in the passage indicates that the asteroid is _________.
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【小題3】The underlined word “deflect” in Paragraph 2 probably means _________.
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B．change the direction of 
C．measure the size of 
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【小題4】Which of the following is NOT true?
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B．No way to deal with Apophis is available at present. 
C．Apophis is the first dangerous asteroid in recorded history. 
D．It is uncertain whether Apophis will hit the earth in 2036. 
【小題5】What would the passage talk about if it continued?
A．An Egyptian myth about Apophis. 
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

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      People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
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"We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions," Jack said. "Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth."
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. "The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions," Jack said. "Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less."
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【小題1】The discovery shows that Westerners         .

A．pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth 
B．consider facial expressions universally reliable 
C．observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways 
D．have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions  
【小題2】 What were the people asked to do in the study?
A．To make a face at each other. B．To get their faces impressive. 
C．To classify some face pictures. D．To observe the researchers' faces. 
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B．The researchers of the study. 
C．The errors made during the study. 
D．The data collected from the study.  
【小題4】 In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to         .
A．do translation more successfully 
B．study the mouth more frequently 
C．examine the eyes more attentively 
D．read facial expressions more correctly 
【小題5】What can be the best title for the passage?
A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul 
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have reported evidence that Mars was warmer and wetter long ago than it is today.  The Caltech scientists say they have directly established the temperature of Mars four billion years ago. At least, they established the surface temperature on part of the planet at that time. The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented.
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【小題1】The underlined word “establish” in Paragraph 1 probably means “___________”.

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【小題2】How did the scientists reach the finding?
A．By studying Allan Hills meteorite.
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【小題3】According to the fourth paragraph, what have spacecraft orbiting Mars done?
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