The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相對(duì)主義), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.

History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries. Unique works of this kind are different from today’s popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.

In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because “the general principles of taste are uniform(不變的) in human nature,” the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.

Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.

1.According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism? ________

A. It introduces different cultural values.

B. It relates artistic values to local conditions.

C. It explains the history of artistic works.

D. It excites the human mind throughout the world.

2.In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that__________.

A. popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts

B. history gives art works special appeal to set them apart

C. great works of art can go beyond national boundaries

D. great artists are skilled at combining various cultures

3.According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because__________.

A. they are results of scientific study

B. they appeal to unchanging features of human nature

C. they are created by the world’s greatest artists

D. they establish some general principles of art

4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? ________

A. Are Popular Arts Permanent?

B. Are Artistic Values Universal?

C. Is Human Nature Uniform?

D. Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?

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科目：高中英語 來源：2014-2015學(xué)年江蘇省南通市高三第二次調(diào)研測(cè)試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：填空題

Novel is typically written in a narrative (敘事) style and presented as a book. Novels tell stories, in which the characters and events are usually imaginary. The novel has been a part of human culture for over a thousand years, although its origins are somewhat debated. Regardless of how it began, the novel has remained one of the most popular and treasured examples of human culture and writing. It remains an essential part of the literary cultures of nearly all societies around the world.

Novella is classified as “Too short to be a novel，too long to be a short story”. There is no precise definition in terms of word or page count. Literary prizes and publishing houses often have their own arbitrary limits, which vary according to their particular intentions.

A short story is different from novels or novellas in that the plot is usually tied to one single chain of events. Because the reader must identify with a character quickly to become engaged, the tale is often told from the chief character’s point of view.

A drama refers to a play for the theatre，television or radio. It generally consists of chiefly dialogue between characters. It also uses dance to convey their message. Dramas usually aim at dramatic performance rather than at reading. In theater, a drama is presented by actors to an audience.

Good literary works depend on literary techniques. A literary technique can be used by authors in order to improve the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects.

Literary techniques include a wide range of approaches to crafting a work. The ability to let readers know what might happen in the future in an indirect way is possible through the technique foreshadowing. The practice of representing objects and qualities as human beings in literature is personification. Symbolism is the use of symbols to represent ideas.

Literature

Definitions of literature

Definitions of literature have kept 1.all the time.

They are connected with 2.

Among them are “books and writing”, “ ‘imaginative’ literature” and “written or spoken material”.

3.▲of literature

Poetry, with rhyme, uses unusual word order in lines, which may be a barrier to see what it 4.

A novel takes the form of a book, talking about what is 5._up by the writer.

The novella, as for length, exists 6.the novel and short story.

A short story tells a comparatively 7.story compared with novels and novellas.

Dramas are performed rather than read, with the ideas expressed either orally or 8..

Literary techniques

Give a warning or sign of a 9.event by using the technique called foreshadowing.

When personification is used, something without 10.is treated as if it were a human being.

Symbolism is the practice of representing things by means of symbols.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2014-2015學(xué)年河南省開封市高三沖刺模擬考試（5月）英語試卷（解析版） 題型：完形填空

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

Many of us have characteristics that come from our families. Maybe we have our father’s eyes or our grandmother’s hair color. But there are still other elements of our personalities such as and viewpoints that we pick up by our parents. Perhaps we have picked up our mother’s love of cleaning or our dad’s of humor.

The researchers at the University of Michigan there are usually three kinds of people from their .

The first kind of people are the job-oriented (以求職為目的的) people who to regard a job as simply a way to make money. They to working day after day and don’t think it for them to do anything else. If you have a job-oriented father, you may view work this way. However, you will not hold this viewpoint if you grow up close to your job-oriented mother.

The second are the career-oriented people who see their job as a place to gain . These are the people who don’t working overtime. In fact, some people love their jobs so much that they are feeling more comfortable in the than at home. They are always to make progress in their work. Being close to a career-oriented father means you’ll carry on your father’s. enough, having a mother with this viewpoint seems to have little .

The third are the calling-oriented people who consider their job as a way to have a effect on the world. They are more about improving the world around them than earning a large salary. In the study, those people came from homes where both parents had . This suggests that adolescents need the of both parents in order to have the confidence.

Such as it is, we still have our to find a career that suits us.

1.A. operations B. insurances C. behaviors D. institutions

2.A. inviting B. nursing C. protecting D. modeling

3.A. pride B. sense C. value D. scene

4.A. warn B. learn C. wonder D. hope

5.A. study B. hall C. university D. department

6.A. attempt B. manage C. tend D. offer

7.A. pay no attention B. are opposed C. look forward D. are blind

8.A. puzzling B. interesting C. surprising D. frightening

9.A. frequently B. constantly C. probably D. patiently

10.A. explanations B. expressions C. directions D. achievements

11.A. mind B. enjoy C. finish D. consider

12.A. garden B. office C. cinema D. club

13.A. sad B. curious C. proud D. afraid

14.A. Worriedly B. Secretly C. Carefully D. Strangely

15.A. influence B. evidence C. performance D. justice

16.A. bad B. side C. harmful D. positive

17.A. disappointed B. concerned C. tired D. difficult

18.A. time B. wealth C. ability D. profit

19.A. money B. reputation C. support D. conclusion

20.A. advice B. difference C. discussion D. choice

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科目：高中英語 來源：2014-2015學(xué)年海南省高三5月模擬英語試卷（解析版） 題型：語法填空

注意：將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

I had been sitting by myself in my usual compartment for at least ten minutes, waiting for the train 1. (start). Suddenly I heard someone shouting on the platform outside. A young girl was running towards the train. The man on duty put out his hand to stop her but she ran past2. and opened the door of my compartment. Then the whistle 3. (blow) and the train started. “I nearly missed it, didn’t I?” the girl said. “How long does it4.to get to London?” “It depends on the engine driver” I said. “Some days it’s much slower than others.” “I’ll have to have my watch 5.(mend), so as not to be late again tomorrow,” she said.

“It’s my first day at work with a new firm today and they told me that the man I’m going to work for is very strict. I haven’t met him yet so I don’t know what he is like,6. he sounds a bit 7.(frighten).”

She talked about her new job 8. the way to London and before long, I realized that she was going to work for my firm. My secretary had just left so I must be her new boss. It was only fair to tell her. “Oh, dear,” she said. “9. a terrible mistake! I wish I had known”. “Never mind,” I said. “At least you’ll know when your train’s late, 10. (I) will be, too.”

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016屆四川雙流中學(xué)高三12月月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：書面表達(dá)

書面表達(dá)

假設(shè)你是李華，你的美國(guó)朋友Jack來信說，他暑假后將到四川大學(xué)留學(xué)。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容給他寫一封回信，告知有關(guān)情況。

1．簡(jiǎn)單介紹四川大學(xué):醫(yī)學(xué)特別是口腔學(xué)（stomatology）世界文明、地處成都市商業(yè)中心

2．生活便利、居民友善；

3．留學(xué)期間，愿提供任何幫助（找到適合的寄宿家庭）。

注意：詞數(shù)100左右：開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

Dear Jack，

I glad to know that you will come to China for further study．Now let me tell you what you are concerned with．

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

I’m looking forward to meeting you in Chengdu．

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016屆陜西西安中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第四次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語試卷（解析版） 題型：短文改錯(cuò)

短文改錯(cuò)

假定英語課上英語老師要求同桌之間互相修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在該詞下面寫出該加的詞。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及修改均僅限一詞。

2.只允許修改10處，多者（從11處起）不計(jì)分。

Nowadays, it’s fashionable for young student to have iPads. Used an iPad, we can listen to music, download a lot of learning materials and read it. Obviously, it’s of great help with our studies, especial with our English listening skills. Some students, however, bring their iPads to the classroom listening to music with earphones, but some even playing video games, which make teachers and students greatly annoyed. For my opinion, the classroom is a place to study and concentration was terribly needed. Therefore, we should make a good use of iPads and other modern communication tools to help with our lessons. Meanwhile, schools should make some rules instruct the students to use iPads properly.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016屆陜西西安中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第四次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Melbourne, Australia

Melbourne is a hot-spot travel destination, and it’s easy to see why with its beautiful beaches and busy city life.

Why it’s a great choice: Australia as a whole is considered a safe destination for international travel, and because of that, many solo travelers go there. As an English-speaking country, you won’t be faced with any language barriers. Melbourne is easy to get around because you can walk or bike practically anywhere!

Thailand

Thailand is great for solo travelers — perhaps because it is one of the Buddhist mindsets, which promote equality among the sexes.

Why it’s a great choice: Thailand is known for its friendly atmosphere, and as a travel hot-spot, there are plenty of chances to meet other like-minded travelers. Well known for being very cheap, especially in the north. A good choice if you want to get away on a budget. Thailand has a lot to offer, from the party-central Bangkok to beautiful beaches and tropical (熱帶) jungle.

Hong Kong, China

Hong Kong is a great place to relax for solo travelers as it is full of “Zen moments,” such as beautiful gardens and Tai Chi classes.

Why it’s a great choice: Hong Kong is regarded as one of the safest cities in the world. If you’re not well-traveled, or perhaps a bit tired of things like language barriers, Hong Kong is a great place to start, as it mixes both Eastern and Western at the same time.

Bali, Indonesia

Bali is a spiritual place with yoga, spas, healthy food and beaches. The combination of friendly people and splendidly visual culture has made Bali Indonesia number one tourist attraction.

Why it’s so great: You won’t be the only solo traveler in Bali. Everyone is known for being extremely friendly and you’re sure to meet some amazing characters along the way. As a Hindu island, Bali is the perfect place for a relaxing and spiritual retreat (靜修). The Sacred Monkey Forest in Ubud is fantastic — if you like monkeys, anyway.

1.What do the four places have in common according to the text?

A. They’re cheap to travel around.

B. They’re great for solo travelers.

C. They offer good spas and yoga.

D. There’re no language barriers.

2.Where can you enjoy both convenient transport and beautiful beaches?

A. Melbourne, Australia. B. Thailand.

C. Hong Kong, China. D. Bali, Indonesia.

3.What has made Bali Indonesia No.1 tourist attraction?

A. Yoga, spas, healthy food and beaches.

B. Friendly people and splendidly visual culture.

C. Meeting some amazing characters along the way.

D. Fantastic monkeys in the Sacred Monkey Forest.

4.What type of writing is this text?

A. A travel journal. B. A business report.

C. A travel guide. D. A press advertisement.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016屆浙江紹興第一中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期開學(xué)回頭考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：完形填空

完形填空

I have faith in that families are not only blood relatives, but sometimes people who turn up and love you when no one else will.

In May 1977, I was living in a Howard Johnson’s motel off Interstate 10 in Houston. My dad and I a room with two double beds and a bathroom was too for a 15-year-old girl and her father. Dad’s second marriage was and my stepmother had us both out of the house the previous week. Dad had no what to do with me. And that’s when my other family .

Barbara and Roland Beach took me into their home their only daughter, Su, my best friend, asked them to. I lived with them for the next seven years.

Barb washed my skirts the same as Su’s. She I had lunch money, doctors’ , help with homework and nightly hugs. Barbara and Roland attended every football game where Su and I were being cheerleaders. I could tell, for the Beaches there was no between Su and me; I was their daughter, too.

When Su and I college they kept my room the same for the entire four years I attended school. Recently, Barb presented me with an insurance policy they bought when I first moved in with them and had continued to pay on for 23 years.

The Beaches knew about me when they took me in – they had heard the whole story from Su. When I was seven, my mother died and from then on my father relied on other people to his kids. Before I went to live with the Beaches I had been convinced that life was entirely and that love was shaky and untrustworthy. I had believed that the only person who would take care of me was me.

the Beaches, I would have become a bitter, selfish and pessimistic woman. They gave me a home that allowed me to grow and .They kept me from being paralyzed by my , and they gave me the confidence to open my heart.

I family. For me, it wasn’t the family that was there on the day I was , but the one that was there for me when I was living in a Howard Johnson’s on Interstate 10.

1.A．lived B．shared C．possessed D．bought

2.A．crowd B．convenient C．small D．limited

3.A．in trouble B．in sight C．in place D．in parts

4.A．drove B．removed C．kicked D．knocked

5.A．plan B．choice C．chance D．idea

6.A．looked over B．showed up C．jumped out D．came across

7.A．so B．because C．until D．while

8.A．worked out B．called up C．watched out D．made sure

9.A．a(chǎn)pproaches B. concentrations C. commitments D. appointments

10.A．As long as B．As far as C．As soon as D．As many as

11.A．change B．problem C．conflict D．difference

12.A．set off B．left for C．entered into D．a(chǎn)dmitted into

13.A．a(chǎn)ll B．little C．something D．nothing

14.A．supply B．teach C．encourage D．raise

15.A．different B．unfair C．easy D．hopeful

16.A．Thanks to B．In spite of C．Except for D．But for

17.A．survive B．change C．happy D．operate

18.A．choice B．failure C．past D．present

19.A．pick up B．rely on C．center on D．believe in

20.A．born B．grown C．a(chǎn)ccepted D．deserted

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科目：高中英語 來源：2016屆江蘇清江中學(xué)高三2月月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：單項(xiàng)填空

I _______ admit it was surprised the meal cost so little.

A. shall B. will C. must D. may

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