閱讀理解。
     Grown－ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to
touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?
     To see whether babies know objects are solid, T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical
illusion (視覺影像) of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could reach out
and touch, and then to show them the illusion. If they knew that objects are solid and they reached out for
the illusion and found empty air, they could be expected to show surprise in their faces and movements.
All the 16-to 24- week -old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that
the ball was not there.
     Grown－ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock
the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a
chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?
     Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are
about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When
16－week－old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen,
they looked to the right, expecting it to reappear. If the experimenter took the train off the table and lifted the
screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense
of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The
researcher substituted (替換) a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies
seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week -old babies did not seem to
notice the switch (更換). Thus, the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of "something permanence,"
while the 22－week－old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.
1. The passage is mainly about _____.
A. babies' sense of sight
B. effects of experiments on babies
C. babies' understanding of objects
D. different tests on babies' feelings
2. In Paragraph 3," object permanence" means that when out of sight, an object ______.
A. still exists
B. keeps its shape
C. still stays solid
D. is beyond reach
3. What did Bower use in his experiments?
A. A chair.
B. A screen.
C. A film.
D. A box.
4. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The babies didn't have a sense of direction.
B. The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.
C. The younger babies liked looking for missing objects.
D. The babies couldn't tell a ball from its optical illusion.
練習冊系列答案
相關習題

科目：高中英語 來源：走向清華北大同步導讀·高一英語(上) 題型：050

閱讀理解

　　Matt grows the nicest vegetables in the village. He grows fruits, too——big, sweet apples and oranges. And what else? Well, the biggest and the prettiest flowers.

　　Things grow in Mitt’s garden all through the year. He cuts some flowers for his sitting-room table; and, of course, he eats some fruit and vegetables. But he sells everything else in the market. Matt is not a poor man—oh, no, he isn’t poor.

　　I will tell you people do not understand him. And they do not understand has garden. “Why not?” you will ask, “It’s a good garden, isn’t it?”

　　It is a wonderful garden. Matt grows things in spring, summer, autumn and winter. After that he does very little work. He sits in the garden with his small radio. And everything grows.

　　People ask, “How does Matt grow these wonderful things? He waters the plants sometimes, but he doesn’t do anything else. He just sits under an orange tree with his radio. He listens to music nearly all day!” And that is all quite true. People cannot understand it, and so they don’t like it very much.

　　Mutt likes music. But what about the garden? Who does the work? I will tell you another truth: the music does the work. All plants love music; and Matt knows that.

　　Do you want big vegetables and the loveliest flowers? Well, just give your plants a lot of music.

1．Matt grows plants in his garden ________.

[　　]

A．when he is free

B．when he wants to make some money

C．only when it is warm

D．a(chǎn)ll the year round

2．Matt is not a poor man because ________.

[　　]

A．he sells most of what he grows in the market

B．he has no one to support

C．he grows a lot of fruit and he does not eat any

D．he has sold his sitting-room table in the market

3．Matt knows a few other gardeners ________.

[　　]

A．a(chǎn)nd they are his good friends

B．a(chǎn)nd they grow better lands than he does

C．who do not understand him

D．who buy all that he sells in the market

4．In fact, besides watering the plants sometimes ________ .

[　　]

A．Matt does nothing else at all

B．Matt gives them nothing but music

C．Matt does all he can to help them to grow faster

D．Matt tries to explain why his plants grow so well

5．Plants love music ________.

[　　]

A．a(chǎn)nd Matt knows that well

B．but Matt refuses to give his plants any

C．a(chǎn)nd everyone understands that

D．but the orange tree in Matt’s garden does not

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：必修一導練英語外研版 外研版 題型：050

閱讀理解

　　Bamboo(竹子)is one of nature’s(自然)most surprising plants．Many people call this plant a tree, but it is a kind of grass．

　　Like other kinds of grass, a bamboo plant may be cut very low to the ground, but it will grow back very quickly．A Japanese scientist reported one bamboo plant which grew 1.5 metres(4 feet)in 24 hours! Bamboo grows almost everywhere in the world except Europe．There are more than 1000 kinds of bamboo．

　　Not all bamboo looks the same．Some bamboo plants are very thin．They may only grow to be a few centimetres wide while others may grow to more than 30 centimetres(1 foot)across．This plant also comes in different colours, from yellow to black to green．

　　Bamboo has been used to make many things such as hats and kitchen tools(廚房用具)．Because it is strong, bamboo is also used to build buildings．

　　Many Asian countries have used bamboo for hundreds of years．They often use bamboo for buildings and supporting(支撐)new buildings and bridges while they are being built．

　　In Africa, poor farmers are taught how to find water using bamboo．These African countries need cheap way to find water because they have no money, and their fields often die from no rain and no water．Bamboo pipes(管子)help poor farmers bring water to their thirsty fields without spending a lot of money．

(1)

How is bamboo like grass?

[　　]

A．

It grows quickly．

B．

It’s wood．

C．

It is easy to cut．

D．

It is very thin．

(2)

Though you can see bamboo everywhere, it doesn’t grow ________．

[　　]

A．

in China

B．

in Europe

C．

on mountains

D．

in Africa

(3)

Why is bamboo used by African poor farmers? Because ________．

[　　]

A．

it is cheap

B．

it has different colours

C．

it is strong

D．

it has been used by Asians

(4)

Bamboo pipes can ________．

[　　]

A．

make money

B．

be trees

C．

grow quickly

D．

carry water

(5)

In Asia, bamboo has been used for ________．

[　　]

A．

a short time

B．

many thousands of years

C．

many hundreds of years

D．

about 100 years

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：江蘇省南通市2010屆高三下學期第三次模擬考試英語 題型：閱讀理解


第三部分閱讀理解 (共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)
請認真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
Why You Should Celebrate Your Mistakes
When you make a mistake, big or small, cherish (珍視) it like it’s the most precious thing in the world. Because in some ways, it is.
Most of us feel bad when we make mistakes, beat ourselves up about it, feel like failures, get mad at ourselves.
And that’s only natural: most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad, that we should try to avoid mistakes. We’ve been scolded when we make mistakes—at home, school and work. Maybe not always, but probably enough times to make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.
Yet without mistakes, we could not learn or grow. If you think about it that way, mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the world: they make learning possible; they make growth and improvement possible.
By trial and error—trying things, making mistakes, and learning from those mistakes—we have figured out how to make electric light, to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, to fly.
Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler, make speech possible, make works of genius possible.
Think about how we learn: we don’t just consume information about something and instantly know it or know how to do it. You don’t just read about painting, or writing, or computer programming, or baking, or playing the piano, and know how to do them right away. Instead, you get information about something, from reading or from another person or from observing usually … then you construct a model in your mind … then you test it out by trying it in the real world … then you make mistakes … then you revise the model based on the results of your real-world experimentation … and repeat, making mistakes, learning from those mistakes, until you’ve pretty much learned how to do something. That’s how we learn as babies and toddlers, and how we learn as adults. Mistakes are how we learn to do something new—because if you succeed at something, it’s probably something you already knew how to do. You haven’t really grown much from that success—at most it’s the last step on your journey, not the whole journey. Most of the journey was made up of mistakes, if it’s a good journey.
So if you value learning, if you value growing and improving, then you should value mistakes. They are amazing things that make a world of brilliance possible.
56. Why do most of us feel bad about making mistakes?
A. Because mistakes make us suffer a lot.
B. Because it’s a natural part in our life.
C. Because we’ve been taught so from a young age.
D. Because mistakes have ruined many people’s careers.
57. According to the passage, what is the right attitude to mistakes?
A. We should try to avoid making mistakes.
B. We should owe great inventions mainly to mistakes.
C. We should treat mistakes as good chances to learn.
D. We should make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.
58. The underlined word “toddler” in Paragraph Six probably means _______.
A. a small child learning to walk             B. a kindergarten child learning to draw
C. a primary pupil learning to read                     D. a school teenager learning to write
59. We can learn from the passage that _______.
A. most of us can really grow from success
B. growing and improving are based on mistakes
C. mistakes are the most precious things in the world 
D. we read about something and know how to do it right away

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：江蘇省南通市通州區(qū)2010屆高三重點熱點專項練習 題型：閱讀理解


第三部分 閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。
A
Fifty years from now the world’s population will be declining, with no end in sight. Unless people’s values change greatly, several centuries from now there could be fewer people living in the entire world than live in the United States today. The big surprise of the past twenty years is that in not one country did fertility (生育能力) stop falling when it reached the replacement rate（出生率）—2.1 children per woman. In Italy, for example, the rate has fallen to 1.2. In Western Europe as a whole and in Japan it is down to 1.5. The evidence now indicates that within fifty years or so world population will peak at about eight billion before starting a fairly rapid decline.
Because in the past two centuries world population has increased from one billion to nearly six billion, many people still fear that it will keep “exploding” until there are too many people for the earth to support. But that is like fearing that your baby will grow to 1,000 pounds because its weight doubles three times in its first seven years. World population was growing by two percent a year in the 1960s; the rate is now down to one percent a year, and if the patterns of the past century don’t change completely, it will head into negative numbers. This view is coming to be widely accepted among population experts, even as the public continues to focus on the threat of uncontrolled population growth.
As long ago as September of 1974 Scientific American published a special issue on population that described what demographers (人口統(tǒng)計學家) had begun calling the “demographic transition” from traditional high rates of birth and death to the low ones of modern society. The experts believed that birth and death rates would be more or less equal in the future, as they had been in the past, keeping total population stable after a level of 10-12 billion people was reached during the transition.
56. Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The world’s population in the future will be reducing endlessly.
B. When the earth population reaches 8 billion, it will see a rapid decrease.
C. In modern society the birth and death rates will be more or less equal in the future.
D. The public now pay little attention to the threat of uncontrolled population growth.
57. What’s reason for the sharp increase of world population in the past two centuries?
A. Because people fear that the world will explode.
B. Because the world’s replacement rate keeps falling.
C. Because people’s values has greatly changed.
D. The passage doesn't mention it.
58. The expression “demographic transition” (Paragraph 3) probably means _______.
A. high death rate to the low one
B. high birth rate to the low one
C. high rates of birth and death to the low ones
D. low rates of birth and death to the high ones
59. We can learn from the passage that _______.
A. in the near future there will be a rapid decline of the world population
B. the birth and death rates of modern society will be unequal in the future
C. there would be the same population living in the world than it in the US today
D. in Western Europe the replacement rate has declined to a negative number

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：0910學年海南省高一第一學期期末考試 題型：閱讀理解

 

第三部分：閱讀理解

第一節(jié)（共18小題；每小題2分，滿分36分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

  Christian Eijkman, a Dutch doctor, left the Netherlands for the island of Java. Many people on the island had a disease called Beri. He was going there to try and find a cure.

  At first, Eijkman thought some kind of germ (細菌) caused Beri. He raised some chickens. He didn’t eat them, but made experiments on them. The local people were quite surprised at that. One day he noticed that his chickens became sick when they were fed the food most Javanese ate — refined white rice (精煉米). When he fed them with unrefined rice, also known as brown rice, they recovered. Eijkman realized that he had made an important discovery — that some things in food could prevent disease. These things were named vitamins (維生素). The Javanese were not getting enough vitamins because they had actually removed the part that contains vitamins. Later, other diseases were also found to be caused by the lack of vitamins in a person’s food.

  Today many people know the importance of vitamins and they make sure they have enough vitamins from the food they eat. If they don’t, they can also take vitamin pills.

41. The underlined word “cure” in Paragraph 1 probably means _____.

A. a medical treatment              B. a kind of vitamin

C. a kind of germ                  D. a kind of rice

42. Christian Eijkman went to the island of Java to ______.

A. spend his holiday

B. find ways to grow better crops

C. do some research about the island

D. help the Javanese with their illness

43. Why did Christian Eijkman raise some chickens?

A. To eat them.                   B. To carry out his experiments.

C. To give the Javanese a surprise.    D. To make money by selling them.

44. If a person doesn’t get enough vitamins in his diet, he’d better ____.

A. eat more rice                   B. eat more meat

C. eat some chicken                D. eat vitamin pills

45. We can learn from the passage that ______.

A. Beri was caused by chickens

B. the Javanese didn’t like vitamins

C. Christian Eijkman’s experiment was successful

D. the Javanese’s disease was caused by a kind of germ

 

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習冊答案