Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow-blindness. Yet, dark glasses or not , they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of “snow light”. The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snow-blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren (少植被的) snow-covered terrain (地形). So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature eases this irritation by producing more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs (模糊), then is obscured (遮蔽), and the result is total, even though temporary, snow-blindness.
Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome.
小題1:To prevent headaches, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark
glasses are _________.
A．indispensable and essentialB．usefulC．ineffectiveD．a(chǎn)vailable
小題2:When the eyes are sore tears are produced to _________.
A．balance the pain B．treat snow-blindness
C．clear the visionD．loosen the muscles
小題3:Snow-blindness may be avoided by _________.
A．concentrating on the solid white terrain
B．searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrain
C．providing the eyes with something to focus on
D．covering the eyeballs with more fluid
小題4:The scouts shake snow from evergreen bushes in order to _________.
A．prevent the men behind losing their way
B．beautify the landscape of the terrain
C．warm themselves in the severe cold
D．give the men behind something to see
小題5:A suitable title for this passage would be _________.
A．nature's cure for snow-blindness
B．snow-blindness and how to overcome it
C．soldiers marching in the snow
D．snow vision and its effect on eyesight

小題1:C
小題2:A
小題3:C
小題4:D
小題5:B

試題分析：本文講述雪盲，及出現(xiàn)的原因與克服的方法
小題1:C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段提到they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of “snow light”.戴不戴眼鏡都會(huì)產(chǎn)生“雪盲”的癥狀，如頭疼，流淚甚至雪盲，故選C項(xiàng)。
小題2:A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome此時(shí)淚水流出來充滿眼眶，眼睛看不清，導(dǎo)致雪盲
小題3:C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段提到的偵察兵的做法告訴我們，雪盲的產(chǎn)生是因?yàn)樵谘┑乩镅劬φ也坏骄唧w目標(biāo)，由于尋找不到看的物體才產(chǎn)生雪盲。人們就將灌木上的雪去掉，扔一些深色物體，其目的是C項(xiàng)。
小題4:D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段提到Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape.可知目的是給一些背景給他們看，故選D項(xiàng)。
小題5:B 主旨大意。本文講述雪盲，及出現(xiàn)的原因與克服的方法，故選B項(xiàng)。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

I used to believe in the American Dream, which meant a job, a mortgage(按揭)，credit cards, success. I wanted  it and worked toward it like everyone else, all of us ____ chasing the same thing.
One year, through a series of unhappy events, it all fell ____. I found myself homeless and alone.  I had my truck and $56.  I ____ the countryside for some place I could rent for the ___ possible amount.  I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road ____ the Potomac  River in West Virginia.   It was ____， full of broken glass and rubbish.  I found the owner, rented it, and ____ a corner to camp in.
The locals knew nothing about me,   ____ slowly, they started teaching me the ____ of being a neighbor.  They dropped off  blankets, candles, and tools, and began ____ around to chat. They started to teach me a belief in a ____ American Dream—not the one of individual achievement   but of ____.
What I had believed in, all those things I thought were ____ for a civilized life, were nonexistent in this place. ____ on the mountain, my most valuable possessions were my ____ with my neighbors.
Four years later, I moved back into ____.  I saw many people were having a really hard time,  ____ their jobs and homes. I managed to rent a big enough house to ___ a handful of people. There are four of us now in the house，but over time  I've had nine people come in and move on to other places.  We'd all be in ____ if we hadn't banded together.
The American Dream  I believe in now is a shared one.   It's not so much about what I can get for myself; it's about ____ we can all get by together.
小題1:
A．separatelyB．equally
C．violentlyD．naturally
小題2:
A．offB．a(chǎn)part
C．overD．out
小題3:
A．crossedB．left
C．touredD．searched
小題4:
A．fullestB．largest
C．fairestD．cheapest
小題5:
A．a(chǎn)tB．through
C．overD．round
小題6:
A．occupiedB．a(chǎn)bandoned
C．emptiedD．robbed
小題7:
A．turnedB．a(chǎn)pproached
C．clearedD．cut
小題8:
A．butB．a(chǎn)lthough
C．otherwiseD．for
小題9:
A．benefitB．lesson
C．natureD．a(chǎn)rt
小題10:
A．stickingB．looking
C．swingingD．turning
小題11:
A．wildB．real
C．differentD．remote
小題12:
A．neighborlinessB．happiness
C．friendlinessD．kindness
小題13:
A．uniqueB．expensive
C．rareD．necessary
小題14:
A．UpB．Down
C．DeepD．Along
小題15:
A．cooperationB．relationships
C．satisfactionD．a(chǎn)ppointments
小題16:
A．realityB．society
C．townD．life
小題17:
A．creatingB．losing
C．quittingD．offering
小題18:
A．put inB．turn in
C．take inD．get in
小題19:
A．yardsB．shelters
C．camps D．cottages
小題20:
A．whenB．what
C．whetherD．how

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

IMAGINE that you are in school, giving a speech to your class.
Now think what it feels like when stammering(口吃)makes it a struggle to communicate your thoughts and feelings to other people.
The King’s Speech, which won the best picture at
the Academy Awards, highlights(突出) stammering along with other speech-related problems. The movie tells the story of Britain’s King George Ⅵ, who became king after his brother Edward Ⅷ gave up the crown to marry an American woman.
As a result of British actor Colin Firth’s performance, people are starting to realize that stammering can damage a person’s self-confidence and cause him/her to escape from life.
“The problem is unseen and unheard,” said Norbert Lieckfeldt, an expert at the British Stammering Association, in an interview with The Guardian newspaper.
“Stammering masks(遮蓋) your ability,” he said, “It's a serious disability(殘疾).”
Most stammerers face bullying(欺負(fù)) in school, something that is “usually carried over into the workplace”.
George Ⅵ’s stammer took away his confidence as a speaker. But Samantha Mesango, a speech coach based in the UK, believes that speech problems are more common than most people realize. “Some simply don't like the sound of their own voice; others are scared of speaking in public,” she said.
Travis Treats from Saint Louis University’s department of communication sciences in the US, praised The King’s Speech. He said it shows that “how one’s speech does not mean what one is inside”.
He also added that people who stammer need to be heard and our society should recognize that they have a lot to give to the world.
小題1: What is the point of the first two paragraphs?
A．To tell readers about speech speaking.
B．To show how harmful a stammer is.
C．To draw the attention of readers to the problem of a stammer.
D．To show how a stammer makes a person popular
小題2: According to the article, King George Ⅵ _____.
A．was a hero during World War Ⅱ
B．took the place of his brother
C．married a divorced American woman
D．was a failure because of his stammer
小題3: What is Norbert Lieckfeldt’s view of the challenge of a stammer?
A．A stammer can destroy a person’s self-confidence.
B．A stammer is a serious problem for many people but it is often ignored.
C．People who stammer need to have their own voice.
D．People who stammer do better in work than in school.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

What could be cuter than your puppy giving his doggy friend a kiss on the nose? Nothing, really. But is your dog actual-fly planting a kiss on his friend? Yes, but that’s only one of the reasons your dog may lick another dog’s nose. Here are some other reasons why your dog may lick another dog’s nose.    
During an introduction, a shy and lower-ranking dog will lower his head, avoid direct eye contact and gently extend his tongue to lick the nose of a more confident and high-ranking dog. The first dog licks the nose of the second dog to simply make it know that：he comes in peace.
Dogs who are already friends will also trade kisses. Two strongly bonded dog pals will lick and clean each other. They give each other “dog kisses” showing friendship.
Puppies also “kiss” their mothers, but it's not a gesture of love. When puppies stop suckling(吸吮)their mothers’ tits for milk and start to eat semisolid(半固體)food instead；they lick their mothers’ mouths and noses in the hope of getting the mother to regurgitate(反哺) some semi-digested food.
So how to help your bashful dog make friends with other dogs? You can carefully select confident-but-friendly and good-tempered dogs to play with your shy dog, to help him develop his social skills. Also consider taking him to a special training class that focuses on socialization and positive training technique.
Do not disturb them when your two dogs play “kiss” briefly with each other. Sit back and enjoy this display of friendship. Then call them over and have them do a command such as “sit’’ or “shake paws”. Offer them treats as a reward for being good to each other.
If you foster(收養(yǎng))a dog and have three or more resident dogs, introduce the foster dog to your brood dog one at a time and let muzzle licking between them happen naturally. Start with your least reactive or most friendly dog. Never force an in production between the dogs because this can deepen the foster dog’s submissiveness or spark a fight.
小題1:We know a shy and lower—ranking dog licks the nose of a higher-ranking dog to        .
A．a(chǎn)sk the dog for helpB．show he is friendly
C．show his anger D．show his respect for him
小題2:What can we know about two dogs who are already friends?
A．They seldom give each other kisses.
B．They usually avoid direct eye contact.
C．They like keeping their friendship a secret.
D．They show their friendship by “dog kisses”.
小題3:What does the underlined word “bashful” in Paragraphs 5 mean?
A．Shy. B．Honest. C．Lovely.D．Little.
小題4:What should you do if your two dogs play “kiss” briefly with each other?
A．Ask them to stay away from each other immediately.
B．Ask them to shake tails.
C．Ask them to have a fight.
D．Give them a reward for being friends.
小題5:The writer wrote this passage to_________.
A．tell us about a study he did recently
B．explain why a dog kisses other dogs
C．tell us how to raise dogs
D．help us to make friends with dogs.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

America’s Beauty Is in Its Diversity
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The hijab is a religious head covering, like a scarf. I am Muslim, and keeping my head covered is a ______ of maturity(成熟) and respect toward my ______and to Allah’s will. ______, I also like to wear it to be different. I don’t usually like to do what everyone else is doing. I want to be a(n) ______, not just part of the crowd. But when I first wore it, I was also afraid of the______ that I’d get at school.
I ______ on my own that sixth grade was the______ I should start wearing the hijab. I was ______ about what the kids would say or even do to me. I thought they might make fun of me, or ____ be scared of me and ______ my headscarf. Kids at that age usually like to be all the same, and there’s little or no ______of differences.
On the first day of school, I put all those ______ thoughts behind my back and walked in with my head held high. I was holding my breath a little, but ______ I was also proud to be a Muslim, proud to be wearing the hijab, proud to be different.
I was______ about everything I thought the kids would say or even do to me. I actually met a lot of people because of wearing my head covering. Most of the kids would come and ask me questions--______--about the hijab and why I wore it.
I did hear some kids were making fun of me, ______there was one girl-- she wasn’t even in my class, and we never really talked much-- and she spoke______ me, and I wasn’t even there! I made a lot of new friends that year, friends that I still have until this very day, five years later.
Yes, I’m different, but everyone is different here, in one way or another. This is the______of America.
小題1:
A．believe inB．stick toC．carry outD．push for
小題2:
A．dependentB．freeC．sensitiveD．different
小題3:
A．signalB．signC．reminderD．cause
小題4:
A．religionB．countryC．parentsD．status
小題5:
A．In a wordB．In generalC．To be exactD．To be honest
小題6:
A．princessB．heroineC．individualD．a(chǎn)dult
小題7:
A．praiseB．punishmentC．reactionD．reflection
小題8:
A．hopedB．expectedC．realizedD．decided
小題9:
A．timeB．chanceC．caseD．occasion
小題10:
A．disappointedB．scaredC．enthusiasticD．a(chǎn)ngry
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A．stillB．a(chǎn)lreadyC．evenD．ever
小題12:
A．show offB．pull offC．pick upD．put up
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A．rejectionB．ignoranceC．a(chǎn)warenessD．a(chǎn)cceptance
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A．negativeB．optimisticC．seriousD．strange
小題15:
A．oftenB．insideC．onlyD．outside
小題16:
A．concernedB．particularC．wrongD．convinced
小題17:
A．respectfullyB．cautiouslyC．suspiciouslyD．critically
小題18:
A．a(chǎn)ndB．soC．butD．or
小題19:
A．in terms ofB．in front ofC．in charge ofD．in favor of
小題20:
A．significanceB．beautyC．valueD．power

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The young man arrived on the Massachusetts beach early carrying a radio, a shovel(鐵鍬), and a strange set of tools: a brick layer’s trowel, a palette knife, spatulas, spoons, and a spray bottle.
He walked down near the water — the tide(潮水) was out — and switched on the radio to listen to soft rock. Then he shoveled wet sand into a pile nearly four feet high and as many feet across. Then he created a square shape.
After that, he set to work with palette knife, spatulas, and spoons. He shaped a splendid tower, topped walls, fashioned beautiful bay windows, and carved (雕刻)out a big front gate.
The man knew his sand. He smoothly finished some surfaces and carved artistic designs on others. As the shapes began to dry, he gently kept them slightly wet with water from the spray bottle, in case they might break in the wind.
All this took hours. People gathered. At last he stood back, obviously satisfied with a castle worthy of the Austrian countryside or Disneyland.
Then he gathered his tools and radio and moved them up to drier sand. He had known for a while what many in the crowd still ignored: the tide was coming in. Not only had he practiced his art with confidence and style, he also had done so against a powerful, irresistible(不可抵抗的) deadline.
As the crowd looked on, water came at the base of the castle. In minutes it was surrounded. Then the rising flood began to eat into the base, walls fell, the tower fell, and finally the gate fell. More minutes passed, and small waves erased bay windows — soon no more than a small part was left.
Many in the crowd looked terribly sad; some voiced fear and discouragement. But the man remained calm. He had, after all, had a wonderful day, making beauty out of nothing, and watching it return to nothing as time and tide moved on.
小題1:In this passage, why did the young man start early in the day?
A．He needed the sun to help dry the sand.
B．It gave plenty of time for the crowd to gather.
C．He knew the tide was out on this particular morning.
D．It was easier to begin his work with only a few people around.
小題2:In this passage, what does the incoming tide signal?
A．It is time to begin working.
B．It is the end of a day’s work.
C．It is the busiest time of the day.
D．It is time for lookers-on to leave.
小題3:How did the lookers-on react when the tide began to come in?
A．They were disappointed to see the art ruined.
B．They tried their best to save the sand castle.
C．They were nervous about their own belongings.
D．They helped the artist finish the castle.
小題4:We can tell that the young man’s reward for his work is ___________.
A．payment for his work
B．personal satisfaction
C．popularity as an artist
D．a(chǎn)ttention from the crowd

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When you’re returning to Australia, be careful that you don’t bring in pests and diseases. Some items you might bring back from overseas can be pests and diseases that Australia doesn’t have. When you return, declare(申報(bào))all food, meat, fruits, plants, seeds, wooden souvenirs, animal or plant materials.
Australia has strict quarantine(檢疫)laws and tough on-the-spot fines. Every piece of luggage is now screened or X-rayed. If you fail to declare any quarantine items, or if you make a false declaration, you will get caught. In addition to on-the-spot fines, you could be accused and fined more than $60, 000 and you may risk 10 years in prison. All international mail is also screened.
Some products may require treatment to make them safe. Items that are restricted because of the risk of pests and diseases will be seized and destroyed by the Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service(AQIS).
In many cases, the goods you declare will be returned to you after inspection. However, any item that presents a quarantine risk will be withheld(扣留). You will be given a range of options for each item depending on the quarantine risk:
Treating the item to make it safe;
Holding the item until an import permit is presented*; ·
Re-exporting the item；
Destroying the item.
Those treatments with the sign “*” are subject to fees.
Further information:
For more detailed information about bringing in food, animals, plants, animal or plant materials, call the AQIS at 1800-020-504.
小題1:Which of the following don’t you need to declare when returning to Australia?
A．Tea.B．Wooden combs.C．Some bread.D．A pair of glasses.
小題2:If you make a false declaration, you would _______ .
A．be fined a lot of money
B．be forbidden to return to Australia
C．have to declare your items again
D．make yourself screened
小題3:Where can we most probably find this passage?
A．In an advertisement.
B．In a traveling guidebook.
C．At the police station.
D．In a hospital.
小題4:We can learn from the passage that _______ .
A．you can keep the item before an import permit is presented
B．a(chǎn)ll products must be treated according to the AQIS
C．not all treatments for your declared items are free
D．travelers can sell their declared items

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Interactive Home-security Systems
Tarik Celebi, who lives in San Francisco suburb, takes his home-security system with him to work, to dinner, just about anywhere．By his cell phone, he "arms" his home-security alarm from his car before he leaves for work．During his workday, he gets e-mail alerts every time his front door opens, even though he's miles away．If the door opens at an unusual time -say midday when no one should be coming or going - he can order a 30-second video clip（片段） from the camera that watches the door．If it's just his  mother-in-law getting a package delivery, no worries．
Celebi is one of the first users of the latest interactive home-security systems．In addition to sounding alarms when the house is broken into and notifying homeowners or police, as traditional systems do, the interactive systems give users new ways to remotely control their systems and their home environment．Different from traditional home-security alarms, which homeowners typically have to press buttons on a keypad to turn on before they leave their homes, the interactive systems enable consumers to arm and disarm systems from smart phones, iPads and PCs, no matter where they are．
Most traditional systems are set up to sound an alarm if doors or windows are opened． The interactive systems give homeowners more options．For example, users can elect when they want to be notified．They might want an e-mail or a text every time a door is opened, or only during the hours of 3 to 4 p．m．, when kids come home from school．Like Celebi, they can add cameras and get video clips when doors open．That could be helpful in making sure kids aren't bringing friends home when they're not supposed to．
Nationwide, about 20% of homes have．traditional home-security systems．About half stop using them because they tire of the trouble．Being able to arm systems even while dashing to the subway or while at work will increase their usage of the new interactive systems．Although the new functions add costs to home security, the interactive-systems are believed to push home-security systems' usage rates closer to 30%, which would be a big movement for an industry that's been largely stuck at 20% for the past decade．"We all know it's going to get bigger, though we don't know how long it's going to take," Eric Taylor, an officer from San Francisco Security Department says．
小題1:What may Celebi first do if his front door opens at a wrong time when he is away?
A．Inform the police．B．Call his mother-in-law．
C．Arm the security alarm．D．Observe through video．
小題2:The interactive systems enable the user to ______．
A．improve his home environment remotely
B．lock his house's door while he is miles away
C．operate the home-security systems at any place
D．sound the alarm and inform the police at the same time
小題3:What's the advantage of the interactive systems over the traditional ones?
A．They are cheaper．
B．They are easier to set up．
C．They can give quicker reaction．
D．They have more ways to inform the users．
小題4:What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．The importance of security industry．
B．The functions of the interactive alarms．
C．The popularity of home-security systems．
D．The market potential of the interactive systems．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Every year in late April, students at Renmin University of China become the subjects of admiration and jealousy of their peers on other campuses in Beijing. Why? Because they get a week off in the middle of term, the so-called spring break.
“It’s been a unique tradition of our school for a decade,” said Wang Yueran, 20, a journalism major at Renmin University, who organized a weeklong trip to Sichuan with 12 classmates last year.
But having fun is just one dimension of the spring break. Field trips, voluntary work, and social projects are all on students’ to-do lists. Experts say the spring break is not just for students to enjoy a few days off, but for them to gain new experiences beyond the campus walls.
Push them out
The traditional Chinese belief of the exploration of knowledge and truth emphasizes “reading 10,000 books and traveling 10,000 miles”, which indicates the importance of experience as much as theory. But while Chinese universities have the tradition of spring outings, what’s the benefit of making spring break an institution?
Qin Jianguo, of the student affairs office at Shenzhen University, thinks the idea of the spring break in some universities in China comes from the intention of pushing students out of the ivory tower to experience more diversity in their lives.
“Take traveling for example. A week traveling is a very different experience to a one- or two-day outing,” said Qin. “Students are expected to acquire the spirit of teamwork and compromise, and learn survival and communication skills when put out there in an unfamiliar context.”
Diverse approaches
Many countries have similar vacations in the middle of the semester for students to do things out of their own interest. Taking Japan as an example, instead of partying like their US counterparts, many Japanese students choose to work as interns or engage in study-related projects.
“The spring break is an opportunity for many of our students to put their learning to use,” said Hiroshi Kanno, dean of the Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy at Hitotsubashi University, in the school’s description of a recent spring break project.
As for Chinese students who take a week off around the Labor Day holiday, many tend to do volunteer work. Duan Zhipeng, a 22-year-old economics major at Renmin University, applied for a project to go back to his hometown in Jiangxi province to introduce his university’s enrollment policies and campus culture to local high school students.
Not a trend yet
Apart from Renmin University, only a few other universities, such as Yantai University, have a spring break for their students. The concept in China is still far from the culture and norms built around it in the US.
Wei Xiang, a professor specializing in holiday economics at Beijing International Studies University, said that the spring break is a good experiment for universities to make study schedules smoother in order to give students more options to arrange their own leisure and study activities.
小題1:According to the text, up to now, Apart from Renmin University, which University has a spring break for their students. 
A．Yantai University
B．Peking University
C．Suzhou University
D．Nankai University
小題2:The underlined word “it” refers to ______
A．field tripsB．exploration of knowledge
C．spring breakD．ivory tower
小題3:According to the passage,why do the students in the other universities admire the students at Renmin University?
A．Because they tend to do volunteer work.
B．Because they go home to meet their relatives.
C．Because they get a spring break.
D．Because they have lesser courses .
小題4:Which of the following is the best title?
A．Reading 10,000 books and traveling 10,000 miles
B．Spring break expands horizons
C．Enjoy yourselves
D．A weeklong trip
小題5:Which of the following is Not true according to the passage?
A．Spring break can help students to gain new experiences beyond the campus walls.
B．Students are expected to acquire the spirit of teamwork through pring break.
C．Spring break can help students tolearn survival and communication skills when in an unfamiliar context.
D．Spring break is not common in the US.

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