【題目】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Since 【1】 first fully artificial plastic was invented in 1907, humans 【2】(find) innumerable uses for the material. It has found 【3】(it) way into our tools, our clothes and even our bodies. In a new study in 【4】(environment) science and technology, researchers estimate the average American eats more than 50,000 pieces of microplastic particles, 【5】(small) than 5 millimeters in length every year and breathes in another 50,000. Although the health 【6】(effect) of consuming these tiny bits of plastic are unclear, researchers stress the real volume that people are 【7】(casual) swallowing is alarming. The largest contributor came 【8】 drinking bottled water, in 【9】 the bottle itself added more than 32 times more plastic to a diet 【10】(compare) with tap water, The Guardian reports.

【答案】

【1】the

【2】have found

【3】its

【4】environmental

【5】smaller

【6】effects

【7】casually

【8】from

【9】which

【10】compared

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章提出了人工塑料滲入到我們生活的方方面面。在環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)的一項(xiàng)新研究中，研究人員估計(jì)，美國人平均每年吃掉5萬多塊塑料微粒，這些微粒的長度小于5毫米，再吸入5萬粒塑料微粒。主要誘因是飲用瓶裝水。

【1】考查冠詞。句意：自從1907年第一個(gè)完全人工塑料被發(fā)明以來。根據(jù)first可知此處用冠詞the。故填the。

【2】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：人類已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種材料的無數(shù)用途。since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間從句要用一般過去時(shí)，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。分析句子成分可知，主語是humans，故謂語動(dòng)詞為have found。故填have found。

【3】考查代詞。句意：它已經(jīng)滲入我們的工具、我們的衣服甚至我們的身體。way是名詞，此處應(yīng)該用形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞。故填its。

【4】考查形容詞。句意：在環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)的一項(xiàng)新研究中。此處要用形容詞修飾名詞science and technology（科學(xué)與技術(shù)）。故填environmental。

【5】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：美國人平均每年吃掉5萬多塊塑料微粒，這些微粒的長度小于5毫米，再吸入5萬粒塑料微粒。根據(jù)than可知此處要用形容詞比較級(jí)。故填smaller。

【6】考查名詞。句意：盡管食用這些小塑料碎片對(duì)健康的影響尚不清楚。根據(jù)the health是主語的一部分，可知此處用名詞作主語，且謂語動(dòng)詞是are，故用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填effects。

【7】考查副詞。句意：但研究人員強(qiáng)調(diào)，人們隨意吞下的塑料碎片的實(shí)際數(shù)量令人擔(dān)憂。此處要用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞swallowing 。故填casually。

【8】考查固定搭配。句意：最大促成物來自飲用瓶裝水。固定短語come from，意為“來自”。故填from。

【9】考查非限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：瓶裝水在日常飲食中添加的塑料量是自來水的32倍多。分析句子成分可知，先行詞為drinking bottled water，指物，且作in的賓語，故此處填which。故填which。

【10】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：瓶裝水在日常飲食中添加的塑料量是自來水的32倍多。分析句子可知，the bottle itself與compare在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填compared。

第2小題考查了since的用法。since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的四種用法：

一、since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中用短暫性動(dòng)詞的過去式，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

例句1：She has dealt with five guys since she divorced Tom.她和湯姆離婚后和五個(gè)男人交往過。

例句2：I have been missing her since she left.自從她離開我就一直很想念她。

二、since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或者狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或者現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。此時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語從句指示的時(shí)間是這個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作結(jié)束直到現(xiàn)在這個(gè)時(shí)間段。

例句1：It has been almost five years since I taught high school students.我不教高中已經(jīng)大概有五年了。

例句2：I have changed my job five times since I was in Shanghai.我離開上海后換了五次工作。

三、since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中的動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或者現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。此時(shí)，狀語從句指示的時(shí)間是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作開始一直到現(xiàn)在這個(gè)時(shí)間段。

例句1：It has been almost five years since I have taught senior three students.

我從教高三開始到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)五年了。

例句2：I have never heard from her since she has worked there.自從她去那工作到現(xiàn)在為止，我沒有收到過她的來信。

四、since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中的動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

例句1：We think highly of your up-grading spirit since you have been trying to change yourself.

從你一直努力改變自己以來，我們都高度贊賞你的上進(jìn)精神。

例句2：We all admire you since you have been doing everything to help the poor.

自從你一直做任何事情幫助窮人以來，我們都很欽佩你。

第2小題考查了since的第二種用法。

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