Question

A is for always getting to work on time.
B is for being extremely busy.
C is for the conscientious（勤勤懇懇的） way you do your job.
You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.
Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn’t ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics—a better job, a raise, praise—many people are still unable or unwilling—to “play the game”.
“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative（工于心計(jì)的） behavior,” says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University, “But politics derives from the word ‘polite’. It can mean lobbying（游說）and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.”
In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behaviors used to pursue one’s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some forms of socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.
“The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,” says Neil P.Lewis, a management psychologist. “But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It’ s simple human nature.”
Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery(奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.
Experts suggest altering（改變） this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.
【小題1】“Office politics” （Line 2,Para.4） is used in the passage to refer to____.

A．the political views and beliefs of office workers

B．the interpersonal relationships within a company

C．the various qualities required for a successful career

D．the code of behavior for company staff

【小題2】Why are many people unwilling to "play the game" (Line 4, Para. 5) ?

A．They believe that doing so is impractical.

B．They feel that such behavior is unprincipled(不道德的).

C．They are not good at manipulating colleagues.

D．They think the effort will get them nowhere.

【小題3】To get promoted, one must not only be competent but____.

A．a(chǎn)void being too outstanding

B．get along well with his colleagues

C．honest and loyal to his company

D．give his boss a good impression

【小題4】It is the author’ s view that____.

A．self-promotion does not necessarily mean flattery

B．hard work contributes very little to one’ s promotion

C．many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery

D．speaking up for oneself is part of human nature

Answer 1

【小題1】B
【小題2】B
【小題3】D
【小題4】A

解析試題分析：一個(gè)人想要出人頭地僅僅靠準(zhǔn)時(shí)上班、勤奮工作、忙忙碌碌是不夠的，人們還要學(xué)會推銷自己。在文中作者提出了“office politics”，即在辦公環(huán)境中要對別人友善、樂于助人、獲得別人的喜歡，尤其是上司的青睞，當(dāng)然這不同與阿諛奉承，溜須拍馬。
【小題1】B推理判斷題。根據(jù)專家給的定義experts define office politics as proper behaviors used to pursue one’s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some forms of socializing within the office environment可知“office politics”辦公室政治是指一種人際關(guān)系。所以B選項(xiàng)正確。
【小題2】B推理判斷題。從文可知“play the game”指的是offcie politics。再由文中“People assume that office politics involves some manipulative（工于心計(jì)的） behavior,”；others associate politics with flattery(奉承),可知人們對“office politics”存在錯(cuò)誤的理解，認(rèn)為offcie politics和阿諛奉承一樣，所以B選項(xiàng)正確。
【小題3】D推理判斷題。從文章倒數(shù)第三段作者舉得例子“But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best.可以推斷給上司留下好的印象也是得以提升的關(guān)鍵，所以D選項(xiàng)正確。
【小題4】A推理判斷題。文章開頭作者提出話題即作者的觀點(diǎn)But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.所以正確選項(xiàng)是A。
考點(diǎn)：考查社會生活類短文閱讀。