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Studies have shown that the fewer medicines a person has to take the more likely he or she will take them. Last week, a study was released about a new treatment that combines 5 medicines for heart disease in one pill. Salim Yusuf of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada was the lead investigator. He presented the findings at the American College of Cardiology Conference in Orlando, Florida.

The experimental drug is known as Polycap. It contains aspirin, a drug to lower cholesterol（膽固醇） and three medicines to lower blood pressure. The study was carried out at 50 health centers across India. More than two thousand people between the ages of forty-five and eighty took part in the study. All had at least one risk factor for heart disease. These include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes or being severely overweight.

The people were divided into 9 groups of about 200 people each. One group took Polycap. The other groups took either a single drug or different combinations of the medicines in the Polycap pill. The study showed that Polycap lowered blood pressure and cholesterol without many side effects. Doctor Yusuf said the single pill, taken once a day, could reduce the average person's risk of heart disease and stroke by about half. The maker of Polycap, Cadila Pharmaceuticals of India, paid for the study.

Cardiovascular diseases(心血管疾病) of the heart and blood vessels are the number one cause of death around the world. These diseases kill more than seventeen million people every year. 80 percent of them are in low and middle income countries. Doctor Yusuf said the single pill treatment could revolutionize heart disease prevention. People would be more likely to take one pill a day than many pills. And one pill would cost less than several pills.

Other heart doctors say heart disease prevention is important but not necessarily with pills. They say patients might be able to get the same results with changes in diet and exercise.

Doctors say that more research on Polycap is needed. They say the drug should be tested on thousands more people, including those in different risk, age and ethnic groups.  

61.The underlined sentence in Paragraph1 implies that people       .

A. don’t like to take medicine                   

B. tend to take fewer medicines

C. should take medicines if it is necessary 

D. tend to fall sick if they take fewer medicines

62.Which of the following about Doctor Yusuf’s experiment on Polycap in India is true?

A. Polycap was tested for its five different combinations

B. Polycap was proved basically safe and effective.

C. All the participants had at least one symptom of heart disease

D. Participators were required to come from different ages and ethnic groups

63.From the passage, we can infer that Polycap        .

A. is generally accepted by heart doctors

B. mainly consists of medicines to lower blood pressure.

C. is to play important role in heart disease prevention.

D. will be cheaper than other common medicines to treat heart disease.

64.According to the passage, the following people are more likely to get Cardiovascular disease         .

A. old people               B. low-income people          C. overweight people           D. diabetic people

65.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Different Opinions about Heart Disease Prevention

B. A Combination Pill May Cut Heart Disease Risk in Half

C. A Combination Pill Cures Blood Pressure and Bad Cholesterol

D. Cardiovascular Diseases Are the Number One Killer in the World

                                          

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科目：高中英語 來源：浙江省蕭山中學2012屆高三上學期摸底考試英語試題 題型：050

閱讀理解

　　As the human brain evolved, humans were able to laugh before they could speak, according to a new study．But here’s the punch line：Laughter and joy are not unique to humans, the study says．Ancestral forms of play and laughter existed in other animals long before humans began laughing．

　　“Human laughter has its roots in our animation past,” said Jaak Panksepp, a professor of psychobiology at Bowling Green State University in Ohio．Panksepp has studied rats and found that when they “play,” they often chirp(唧唧叫)－an early－stage form of laughter, according to the scientist．In an article to be published tomorrow in the journal Science, he makes the argument that animal laughter is the basis for human joy．

　　In studying laughter, scientists have focused mostly on related issues－h(huán)umor, personality, health benefits, social theory－rather than laughter itself．New research, however, shows that “circuits”(電路)for laughter exist in very ancient regions of the human brain．As humans have included language into play, we may have developed new connections to joyous parts of our brains that evolved before the cerebral cortex(大腦皮層), the outer layer associated with thought and memory．

　　There is plenty of evidence that many other mammals make play sounds, which are like human laughter．Indeed, animals are capable of many emotional feelings, just like humans, some scientists say．"The recognition by neuroscientists(神經系統(tǒng)科學家)that the brain systems for pain, pleasure, and fear are the same in humans and other mammals underline our similarity to other species and is extremely important," said Tecumseh Fitch, a psychology lecturer at the University of St．Andrews in Scotland．In a 2003 study Panksepp and Bowling Green State University neurobiologist Jeff Burgdorf showed that if rats are tickled(呵癢)in a playful way, they readily chirp．Rats that were tickled developed a relationship with the researchers and became rapidly conditioned to seek tickles．Understanding the chirping of the rats may help scientists better understand human laughter．

　　Robert Provine, a psychology professor at the University of Maryland in Baltimore, agrees there is an evolutionary continuity of laughter．"Its origin is in tickling play," he says．Provine has studied chimpanzees and found a link between their laughter - like noises and human laughter．"Laughter is actually the sound of play, with the original’ pant – pant’(喘氣)- the heavy breathing of physical play - becoming the human ‘ha - ha,’” Provine said．By studying the shift from the panting of chimps to the human ha - ha, he discovered that breath control is the key to the appearance of both human laughter and speech．

(1)

The 2003 study about rats being tickled are mentioned in paragraph 4 in order to show that ________．

[　　]

A．

rats are such smart aromas that they can laugh like humans

B．

animals have emotional feelings as human beings do

C．

animals' emotional feelings are now widely recognized

D．

tickling animals can help animals develop the ability of laughter

(2)

According to the text, what is the most special about Jaak Panksepp's research?

[　　]

A．

It focuses on animals' influence on human laughter．

B．

People's personalities are involved in the research．

C．

The research studies human brain as well．

D．

The research deals with laughter itself．

(3)

We can infer from the above text that ________．

[　　]

A．

Tecumseh Fitch and Robert Provine disagree with each other on laughter

B．

rats’ chirping and chimp’s panting are basically the same

C．

most animals are able to laugh but need to be trained first

D．

human beings have now fully understood animals’ behaviors

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科目：高中英語 來源：江西省高安中學09-10學年高一下學期期中考試（英語） 題型：閱讀理解

  When scientists set out to explore the roots of human laughter, some apes（類人猿） were just tickled（胳肢）to help. That’s how researchers made a variety of apes and some human babies laugh. After analyzing the sounds, they concluded that people and great apes inherited laughter from a shared ancestor that lived more than 10 million years ago. Experts praised the work, it gives strong evidence that ape laughter and human laughter are related through evolution（進化）.
Scientists have noted that apes make characteristic sounds during play or while being tickled, especially to signal that they’re interested in playing. It’s been suggested before that human laughter grew out of primate（靈長類動物） roots. But ape laughter doesn’t sound like human laughter. It may be slower noisy breathing. So what does that have to do with the human ha-ha? To investigate that, Marina Davila Ross and her colleagues carried out a detailed analysis of the sounds made by tickling three human babies and 21 other primates, apes included.
After measuring 11 features in the sound from each species, they tried to find out how these sounds appeared to be related to each other. The result looked like a family tree. Significantly, that tree matched the way the species themselves are related, the scientists reported online in the journal Current Biology. They also concluded that while human laughter sounds much different from ape laughter, their typical features could have come from the same ancestor.
Panksepp, who studies laughter-like responses in animals but didn’t participate in the new work, called the paper exciting. Panksepp’s own work concludes that even rats produce laughter in response to playing and tickling, with sounds that can hardly be heard by people. Robert Provine, a scientist, who wrote the book, Laughter: A Scientific Investigation, said the new paper showed some important clues, like ape sounds that hadn’t been realized before.
69. Why did the scientists analyze the laughter made by tickling human babies and apes?
A. To try to discover if they can make characteristic sounds.
B. To see if they interested in playing.
C. To find out if the laughter of apes and humans is related.
D. To find out the differences between humans and apes.
70. Based on Paragraph 3 we can know that researchers measured the features in the sound to ________.
A. find out ape sounds that hadn’t been realized before
B. find out relations among primates’ laughter
C. see what a family tree from each species looks like
D. make a report online in the journal Current Biology
71. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Panksepp spoke highly of the new research.
B. Rat laughter is likely to be related to ape laughter.
C. Robert Provine provided some new clues for the researchers.
D. Humans don’t enjoy listening to ape laughter.
72. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Ape study explores evolution of laughter.
B. Apes like to laugh when being tickled.
C. Human laughter and ape laughter are different.
D. Laughter: A Scientific Investigation.

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科目：高中英語 來源：江西省0910學年高一下學期期中考試（英語） 題型：閱讀理解

  When scientists set out to explore the roots of human laughter, some apes（類人猿） were just tickled（胳肢）to help. That’s how researchers made a variety of apes and some human babies laugh. After analyzing the sounds, they concluded that people and great apes inherited laughter from a shared ancestor that lived more than 10 million years ago. Experts praised the work, it gives strong evidence that ape laughter and human laughter are related through evolution（進化）.

Scientists have noted that apes make characteristic sounds during play or while being tickled, especially to signal that they’re interested in playing. It’s been suggested before that human laughter grew out of primate（靈長類動物） roots. But ape laughter doesn’t sound like human laughter. It may be slower noisy breathing. So what does that have to do with the human ha-ha? To investigate that, Marina Davila Ross and her colleagues carried out a detailed analysis of the sounds made by tickling three human babies and 21 other primates, apes included.

After measuring 11 features in the sound from each species, they tried to find out how these sounds appeared to be related to each other. The result looked like a family tree. Significantly, that tree matched the way the species themselves are related, the scientists reported online in the journal Current Biology. They also concluded that while human laughter sounds much different from ape laughter, their typical features could have come from the same ancestor.

Panksepp, who studies laughter-like responses in animals but didn’t participate in the new work, called the paper exciting. Panksepp’s own work concludes that even rats produce laughter in response to playing and tickling, with sounds that can hardly be heard by people. Robert Provine, a scientist, who wrote the book, Laughter: A Scientific Investigation, said the new paper showed some important clues, like ape sounds that hadn’t been realized before.

69. Why did the scientists analyze the laughter made by tickling human babies and apes?

A. To try to discover if they can make characteristic sounds.

B. To see if they interested in playing.

C. To find out if the laughter of apes and humans is related.

D. To find out the differences between humans and apes.

70. Based on Paragraph 3 we can know that researchers measured the features in the sound to ________.

A. find out ape sounds that hadn’t been realized before

B. find out relations among primates’ laughter

C. see what a family tree from each species looks like

D. make a report online in the journal Current Biology

71. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. Panksepp spoke highly of the new research.

B. Rat laughter is likely to be related to ape laughter.

C. Robert Provine provided some new clues for the researchers.

D. Humans don’t enjoy listening to ape laughter.

72. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Ape study explores evolution of laughter.

B. Apes like to laugh when being tickled.

C. Human laughter and ape laughter are different.

D. Laughter: A Scientific Investigation.

 

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

  When scientists set out to explore the roots of human laughter, some apes（類人猿） were just tickled（胳肢）to help. That’s how researchers made a variety of apes and some human babies laugh. After analyzing the sounds, they concluded that people and great apes inherited laughter from a shared ancestor that lived more than 10 million years ago. Experts praised the work, it gives strong evidence that ape laughter and human laughter are related through evolution（進化）.

  Scientists have noted that apes make characteristic sounds during play or while being tickled, especially to signal that they’re interested in playing. It’s been suggested before that human laughter grew out of primate（靈長類動物） roots. But ape laughter doesn’t sound like human laughter. It may be slower noisy breathing. So what does that have to do with the human ha-ha? To investigate that, Marina Davila Ross and her colleagues carried out a detailed analysis of the sounds made by tickling three human babies and 21 other primates, apes included.

  After measuring 11 features in the sound from each species, they tried to find out how these sounds appeared to be related to each other. The result looked like a family tree. Significantly, that tree matched the way the species themselves are related, the scientists reported online in the journal Current Biology. They also concluded that while human laughter sounds much different from ape laughter, their typical features could have come from the same ancestor.

  Panksepp, who studies laughter-like responses in animals but didn’t participate in the new work, called the paper exciting. Panksepp’s own work concludes that even rats produce laughter in response to playing and tickling, with sounds that can hardly be heard by people. Robert Provine, a scientist, who wrote the book, Laughter: A Scientific Investigation, said the new paper showed some important clues, like ape sounds that hadn’t been realized before.

69. Why did the scientists analyze the laughter made by tickling human babies and apes?

   A. To try to discover if they can make characteristic sounds.

   B. To see if they interested in playing.

   C. To find out if the laughter of apes and humans is related.

   D. To find out the differences between humans and apes.

70. Based on Paragraph 3 we can know that researchers measured the features in the sound to ________.

   A. find out ape sounds that hadn’t been realized before

   B. find out relations among primates’ laughter

   C. see what a family tree from each species looks like

   D. make a report online in the journal Current Biology

71. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

   A. Panksepp spoke highly of the new research.

   B. Rat laughter is likely to be related to ape laughter.

   C. Robert Provine provided some new clues for the researchers.

   D. Humans don’t enjoy listening to ape laughter.

72. What would be the best title for the passage?

   A. Ape study explores evolution of laughter.

   B. Apes like to laugh when being tickled.

   C. Human laughter and ape laughter are different.

   D. Laughter: A Scientific Investigation.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists have noted that apes make characteristic sounds during play or while being tickled, especially to signal that they’re interested in playing. It’s been suggested before that human laughter grew out of primate（靈長類動物） roots. But ape laughter doesn’t sound like human laughter. It may be slower noisy breathing. So what does that have to do with the human ha-ha? To investigate that, Marina Davila Ross and her colleagues carried out a detailed analysis of the sounds made by tickling three human babies and 21 other primates, apes included.
After measuring 11 features in the sound from each species, they tried to find out how these sounds appeared to be related to each other. The result looked like a family tree. Significantly, that tree matched the way the species themselves are related, the scientists reported online in the journal Current Biology. They also concluded that while human laughter sounds much different from ape laughter, their typical features could have come from the same ancestor.
Panksepp, who studies laughter-like responses in animals but didn’t participate in the new work, called the paper exciting. Panksepp’s own work concludes that even rats produce laughter in response to playing and tickling, with sounds that can hardly be heard by people. Robert Provine, a scientist, who wrote the book, Laughter: A Scientific Investigation, said the new paper showed some important clues, like ape sounds that hadn’t been realized before.

  1. 1.

    Why did the scientists analyze the laughter made by tickling human babies and apes?

    1. A.
      To try to discover if they can make characteristic sounds.
    2. B.
      To see if they interested in playing.
    3. C.
      To find out if the laughter of apes and humans is related.
    4. D.
      To find out the differences between humans and apes.
  2. 2.

    Based on Paragraph 3 we can know that researchers measured the features in the sound to ________.

    1. A.
      find out ape sounds that hadn’t been realized before
    2. B.
      find out relations among primates’ laughter
    3. C.
      see what a family tree from each species looks like
    4. D.
      make a report online in the journal Current Biology
  3. 3.

    What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

    1. A.
      Panksepp spoke highly of the new research.
    2. B.
      Rat laughter is likely to be related to ape laughter.
    3. C.
      Robert Provine provided some new clues for the researchers.
    4. D.
      Humans don’t enjoy listening to ape laughter.
  4. 4.

    What would be the best title for the passage?

    1. A.
      Ape study explores evolution of laughter.
    2. B.
      Apes like to laugh when being tickled.
    3. C.
      Human laughter and ape laughter are different.
    4. D.
      Laughter: A Scientific Investigation.

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