What will power your house in the future？Nuclear，wind，or solar power？According to scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the US，it might be leaves — but artificial (人造的) ones.
Natural leaves are able to change sunlight and water into energy. It is known as photosynthesis (光合作用)．Now researchers have found a way to imitate this seemingly simple process.
The artificial leaf developed by Daniel Nocera and his colleagues at MIT can be seen as a special silicon chip with catalysts (催化劑)．Similar to natural leaves，it can split water into hydrogen and oxygen when put into a bucket of water. The hydrogen and oxygen gases are then stored in a fuel cell，which uses those two materials to produce electricity，located either on top of a house or beside the house.
Though the leaf is only about the shape of a poker card，scientists claimed that it is promising to be an inexpensive source of electricity in developing countries. “One can imagine villages in India and Africa not long from now purchasing an affordable basic power system based on this technology,” said Nocera at a conference of the American Chemical Society.
The artificial leaf is not a new idea. The first artificial leaf was invented in 1997 but was too expensive and unstable for practical use. The new leaf，by contrast，is made of cheap materials，easy to use and highly stable. In laboratory studies，Nocera showed that an artificial leaf prototype (原型) could operate continuously for at least 45 hours without a drop in activity.
The wonderful improvements come from Nocera's recent discovery of several powerful，new and inexpensive catalysts. These catalysts make the energy transformation inside the leaf more efficient with water and sunlight. Right now，the new leaf is about 10 times more efficient at carrying out photosynthesis than a natural one. Besides，the device can run in whatever water is available；that is，it doesn't need pure water. This is important for some countries that don't have access to pure water.
With the goal to “make each home its own power station” and “give energy to the poor”，scientists believe that the new technology could be widely used in developing countries，especially in India and rural China.
小題1:Which of the following orders correctly shows how the artificial leaf is used to produce electricity?
a．a(chǎn)rtificial leaves split water into hydrogen and oxygen
b．the hydrogen and oxygen gases are stored in a fuel cell
c．the artificial leaves are put in water
d．the fuel cell uses hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity
A．c，a，b，d B．c，b，a，d
C．b，c，a，dD．c，a，d，b
小題2:The purpose of the scientists at MIT in developing the new artificial leaf is to________.
A．build up more power stations in the world
B．provide cheaper energy for developing countries
C．offer people in developing countries access to pure water
D．gain a deeper understanding of the photosynthesis process
小題3:The main idea of this passage is ________.
A．a(chǎn)n introduction to the history of artificial leaves
B．a(chǎn) mixture of water power and solar energy
C．giving energy to the poor
D．a(chǎn)n invention copying photosynthesis

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:D

試題分析：本文介紹了一項仿造葉子光合作用的發(fā)明—人工葉子的工作原理、工作性能和工作條件，可為發(fā)展中國家提供便宜的能源。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)第三段中“it can split water into hydrogen and oxygen when put into a bucket of water. The hydrogen and oxygen gases are then stored in a fuel cell，which uses those two materials to produce electricity，located either on top of a house or beside the house.”當(dāng)把它投入一桶水中，可以把水分解成氫和氧。然后把氫和氧氣體儲存到放置在房間里或房子的旁邊的燃料電池中,使用這兩個材料來產(chǎn)生電能。由此可知正確順序是A。故選A。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)第四段中“scientists claimed that it is promising to be an inexpensive source of electricity in developing countries.”科學(xué)家聲稱,它可為發(fā)展中國家提供廉價的電力來源。故選B。
小題3:主旨題：閱讀全文可知本文介紹了一項仿造葉子光合作用的發(fā)明—人工葉子的工作原理、工作性能和工作條件，可為發(fā)展中國家提供便宜的能源。故選D。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy，but this one is clean and cool.Fox Point is a very new 47­unit living building in South Bronx，one of the city’s poorest areas.Two­thirds of the people living there are formerly (以前) homeless people，whose rent is paid by the government.The rest are low­income families.The boiler room has special equipment，which produces energy for electricity and heat.It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air，reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs.
Fox Point is operated by Palladia，a group that specializes in providing housing and services to needy people.Palladia received support from Enterprise Community Partners (ECP)，which helps build affordable housing by providing support to housing developers.
ECP has created national standards for healthy，environmentally (環(huán)境方面) clever and affordable homes which are called the Green Communities Standards.These standards include water keeping，energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials.Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%，which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs.Even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save energy.
Michael Bloomberg，New York’s mayor，plans to create 165,000 affordable housing units for 500,000 New Yorkers.Almost 80% of New York City’s greenhouse gas emissions come from buildings，and 40% of those are caused by housing.So he recently announced that the city’s Department of Housing and Preservation and Development (DHPD)，whose duty is to develop and keep the city’s supply of affordable housing，will require all its new projects to follow ECP’s green standards.
Similar measures have been taken by other cities，such as Cleveland and Denver，but New York’s DHPD is the largest city developer of affordable housing in the country.(2010·四川，B)
小題1:What is the purpose of describing the boiler rooms in the first paragraph?
A．To explain the measures the city takes to care for poor people.
B．To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas.
C．To show how the environment­friendly building works.
D．To compare old and new boiler rooms.
小題2:What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards?
A．Lower running costs.
B．Costing less in construction.
C．Less air to be lost in hot days.
D．Better prices for homeless people.
小題3:It can be learned from the text that________.
A．New York City is seriously polluted
B．people’s daily life causes many carbon emissions in New York City
C．a(chǎn) great number of people in New York City don’t have houses to live in
D．some other cities have developed more affordable housing than New York City
小題4:What is the main purpose of this text?
A．To call on people to pay more attention to housing problems.
B．To prove that some standards are needed for affordable housing.
C．To ask society to help homeless people and low­income families.
D．To introduce healthy，environmentally clever and affordable housing.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

(2013·高考北京卷，D)People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once，a new research suggests.The findings，based on performances and self­evaluations by about 275 college students，indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity，but because they are easily distracted (分心) and can’t focus on one activity.And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，”said David Sanbonmatsu，a psychologist at the University of Utah.
Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked，how good they thought they were at it，and how sensation­seeking (尋求刺激) or impulsive (沖動)they were.They then evaluated the participants’multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.
Not surprisingly，the scientists said，most people thought they were better than average at multitasking，and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once.But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test.They also were more likely to admit to sensation­seeking and impulsive behavior，which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.
“People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity，but because they’re distractible，and they get sucked into things that are not as important，”Sanbonmatsu said.
Adam Gazzaley，a researcher at the University of California，San Francisco，who was not a member of the research group，said one limitation of the study was that it couldn’t find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether people’s recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.
The findings do suggest，however，why the sensation­seekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving.“People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.”said Paul Atchley，another researcher not in the group.“This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they’re dangerous.”
小題1:The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask________.
A．seek high productivity constantly
B．prefer handling different things when getting bored
C．a(chǎn)re more focused when doing many things at a time
D．have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time
小題2:When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research，they________.
A．a(chǎn)ssessed the multitasking ability of the students
B．evaluated the academic achievements of the students
C．a(chǎn)nalyzed the effects of the participants’tricky mental
tasks
D．measured the changes of the students’understanding ability
小題3:According to Sanbonmatsu，people multitask because of their________.
A．limited power in calculation
B．interests in doing things differently
C．inability to concentrate on one task
D．impulsive desire to try new things
小題4:From the last paragraph，we can learn that multitaskers usually________.
A．drive very skillfully
B．go in for difficult tasks
C．fail to react quickly to potential dangers
D．refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

After record increase in over 40 countries, Universal Robots’ lightweight robotic arms are now making their US debut (首次露面) at this year’s International Manufacturing Trade Show (IMTS) in Chicago.
The UR5 robotic arm made by Universal Robots has been announced officially “The world’s most innovative (創(chuàng)新的) robot” by The International Federation of Robotics and IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Robotics and Automation Society. The US audience will now see the award-winning robot — along with its big brother UR10 — for the first time.
The UR5 and UR10 robotic arms are aimed at small-sized companies that thought robots were too expensive and hard to operate in existing production. The robotic arms are easily moved around the production area and present a simple user interface (界面) which lets workers quickly operate them.
Esben Ostergaard, founder and CTO (Chief Technical Officer) at Universal Robots, explains how the robots were designed to be as user?friendly as possible:
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The robots weigh as little as 40 pounds, making it possible for them to be moved around the production area to do different tasks. The UR5 can handle a load of up to 5 kilos (11 pounds), the UR10, 10 kilos (22 pounds). As soon as a worker touches the robot arm and uses a force of at least 150 Newton, the robot arm will automatically stop operating.
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A．was designed by IEEE
B．is aimed at small companies
C．has won a number of awards
D．made its appearance in 40 countries
小題2:The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to _____.
A．the programmeB．the user interface
C．the robot armD．the “teaching function”
小題3:What’s the text mainly about?
A．An introduction to Universal Robots’ new robots.
B．The difference between the UR5 and the UR10.
C．Why the UR5 and the UR10 were invented.
D．How to operate the UR5 and the UR10.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It's going to be a chaotic(混亂的)day. How do I know? It’s Monday. OK, joking. But, I do predict that today will be filled with the normal last-minute tasks, fire drills, and unforeseen events. So, how do you keep yourself from being swept away in the stream of chaos? How do you remain calm while others are rushing and panicking? There's a problem… Panic! When things don't go as planned, how do you react? Are you the calm one who works to fix things? Or the one running around like Chicken Little screaming that the sky falling? Getting upset or alarmed can seem like natural reactions to a problem.
Here are a few tips to kelp you remain calm in the face of the storm:
? Don't Panic  You are better able to find a solution if you   aren't panicking. If you can keep your head when others are losing theirs, you will be able to make a dear decision in the chaos.
? There Aren't Many True Emergenaes   My time as a Naval Officer taught me a­bout true emergencies. In the military, when there is a problem, people can get hurt or die. This is not usually the case when the office copier or email server goes down. Keep things in perspective. There are very few true emergencies in life.
? Avoid the "Fight or Flight"   When you are stressed, your body will want to go into "fight or flight." Your body was designed to keep you safe from danger, but its natu­ral reflexes aren't always the best solution against a project gone away. Keep your emotions in check and ensure that your physical reflexes don’t make bad decisions for you.
? Head Into The Problem    While everyone else is running away, true leaders walk into a problem. Sticking your head in the sand only makes things worse. Instead of trying to ignore the situition, get to the heart of the issue as soon as possible. Only then can you address it
How Will You React? When you find yourself ready to lose it, take a step back. Ask, "In this truly an emergcncy?" Keep your head when others are losing theirs. And you'll find that you are that much closer to a solution.
小題1:The author writes the first paragraph in order to______.
A．describe a chaotic dayB．a(chǎn)dvocate a way of lifeC．introduce a topicD．make a joke
小題2:In order to make a wiser decision in the chaos, you should _____.
A．low your headB．keep your headC．shake your headD．stick your head
小題3:The example of the author's time as a Naval Officer is used to illustrate_____.
A．there are seldom true emergencies in life
B．there are many true emergencies in life
C．some emergencies are really urgent
D．some emergencies can't be predicted
小題4:What would the best title for the passage?
A．Fight or Flight
B．True emergencies
C．Less Talking, More Doing
D．Keep calm in the face of the storm

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Fish species are expected to shrink in size by up to 24% because of global warming, say scientists.
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The researchers built a model to see how fish would react to lower levels of oxygen in the water. As ocean temperatures increase, so do the body temperatures of fish. But, according to lead author, Dr William Cheung, from the University of British Columbia, the lower level of oxygen in the water is key. Warmer waters could decrease ocean oxygen levels and greatly reduce fish body weight. On the other hand, rising temperatures directly increase the metabolic rate of the fish's body function. This leads to an increase in oxygen demand for normal body activities. So the fish will run out of oxygen for growth at a smaller body size.
The research team also used its model to predict fish movements as a result of warming waters. The group believes that most fish populations will move towards the Earth's poles at a rate of up to 35km per decade. "So in, say, the North Sea," says Dr Cheung," one would expect to see more smaller-body fish from tropical waters in the future."
Taking these factors into consideration, the research team concludes that fish body size will shrink between 14% and 24%, with the largest decreases in the Indian and Atlantic oceans.
When compared with actual observations of fish sizes, the model seems to underestimate what's actually happening in the seas. The researchers looked at two case studies involving North Atlantic cod and haddock. They found that recorded data on these fish showed greater decreases in body size than the models had predicted.
Dr Alan Baudron, from the University of Aberdeen, UK, believes smaller-sized fish could seriously affect the ability of fish to reproduce. "Smaller fish produce fewer and smaller eggs which could affect the reproductive potential of fish stocks," he said.
小題1:What's the main idea of the passage?
A．Global warming makes fish smaller.
B．Global warming makes fish decrease in numbers.
C．Global warming affects the fish distribution.
D．Global warming affects the ability of fish to reproduce.
小題2:What is the key factor making the fish smaller now?
A．The rising body temperatures.
B．The lower level of oxygen in the water.
C．The increasing metabolic rate.
D．The normal body activities.
小題3:We can infer that as ocean temperatures increase          .
A．more big fish will be born in the sea
B．fish tend to swim towards the shore
C．fish tend to move towards the warm areas
D．fish tend to move towards the colder areas
小題4:What does the underlined word "underestimate" mean?
A．make an exact prediction ofB．make too low an estimate of
C．make too high an estimate ofD．make a careful study of

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解



techniques , but he admitted there would be difficulties in meeting his goal .
“ For example , if you run out of ink while printing on paper , you will throw that paper away . But you cannot throw half-completed buildings away if your material gets stuck , ” he said . Although the printed house is not available to visit , there is a chance for people in Shanghai to see items printed in 3D.
The Belgium-based company Materialise NV held a 3D printing exhibition in Shanghai that started in late 2012 and ended in the middle of 2013 . The company is eager to show Asia what is possible with 3D printing .
“ All the pieces shown here are what cannot be made through traditional techniques . A good example of this customization is hearing aids . More than 10 million people already use 3D printed hearing aids, all made according to the size of their ears , ” said Wim Michiels , executive vice-president at Materialise NV .
“ You can produce anything whenever and wherever you like . You don’t need to set up production lines for pieces that only need a limited amount of products . Setting up a production line is a lot of work . It takes a long time and is very expensive for a limited number of pieces , ” said Michiels .
Kim Francois , managing director of Materialise China , said their European and American clients have already taken the next step toward additive manufacturing with small series production such as hearing aids .
小題1:What is mainly talked about in the text ?
A. The development of 3D printing .
B. A 3D printing show in Shanghai .
C. Varieties of items printed in 3D .
D. The company Materialise NV .
小題2:According to Behrokh Khoshnevis , what is the main difficulty in printing buildings ?
A．Time .B．Technique .C．Space .D．Material .
小題3:The example of 3D printed hearing aids was mentioned to show that ______________ .
A．these items used to be impossible to make
B．3D printing has a large market share
C．3D hearing aids help people hear better
D．people need different sized hearing aids
小題4:According to the text , 3D printing is suitable for ___________ .
A．mass production
B．making small items
C．small series production
D．reducing production costs

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When your parents advise you to “get an education” in order to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide manpower（人力資源） for your society, but not so much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.
Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you will be occupationally dead unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison, and you can successfully dropout in grade school.
Get a college degree, if possible. With a B. A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master’s degree, make sure it is an M.B.A., and the famous law of diminishing(逐漸減少的) returns begins to take effect.
Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more per year than full professors? Yes, the average salary for those truckers was $24000 while the full professors managed to earn just $23030.
A doctorate is the highest degree you can get. Except for a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, if you pursue such a degree in any other field, you will face a future which is not bright. There are more doctors unemployed or underemployed in this country than any other part of the world.
If you become a doctor in English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or—worst of all—in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.
Thousands of doctors are selling shoes, driving cars, waiting on table, and endlessly filling out applications month after month. They may also take a job in some high school or backwater(閉塞) college that pays much less than the doorkeeper earns.
You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.
小題1:According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who ______.
A．will not be a disgrace to society
B．will become loyal citizens
C．can take care of themselves
D．can meet the nation’s demand as a source of manpower
小題2:Many doctors are out of job because ______.
A．they are improperly educated
B．they are of little commercial value to their society
C．there are fewer jobs in high schools
D．they prefer easier jobs that make more money
小題3:The nation is only interested in people ______.
A．with diplomas
B．who specialize in physics and chemistry
C．who are valuable to the gross national product
D．who receive little education
小題4:Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Bernard Shaw didn’t finish high school, nor did Edison.
B．One must think carefully before pursuing a master’s degree.
C．The higher your education level, the more money you will earn.
D．If you are too well-educated, you’ll be overeducated for society’s demands.
小題5:The writer sees education as ______.
A．a(chǎn) means of providing job security and financial security and a means of meeting a country’s demands for technical workers
B．a(chǎn) way to broaden one’s horizons
C．more important than finding a job
D．a(chǎn)n opportunity that everyone should have

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Henry was not   at math. Even when the teacher explained something a second time, he still couldn’t     it.
“Never mind. I’ll sit    the boy who’s the best at    ,” Henry thought, “and      his answers.”
The day of the exam    , and Henry sat next to Allan,     was    at the top of the class in math. Henry copied Allan’s answers     his own exam paper. At the end of the exam, the teacher said, “Well, boys and girls, I’ve decided to give a red    to the student who got the    grade. It’s     for me to decide who I’ll give the star to, however,       two students, Henry and Allan, got the     grade.” After a moment she went on, “       I’ve decided to give the star to    this time.”
Henry was _  __ when he heard this. He stood    and said, “But I got the same grade as Allan, madam.”
“That’s    .” The teacher said. “However, Allan’s answer to Question 6 was ‘I don’t know.’, but    was ‘Nor do I.’ .”
小題1:
A．wellB．bestC．betterD．good
小題2:
A．retellB．understandC．rememberD．a(chǎn)nswer
小題3:
A．in front ofB．besidesC．behindD．next to
小題4:
A．English B．ChineseC．scienceD．math
小題5:
A．checkB．chooseC．keepD．copy
小題6:
A．endedB．cameC．overD．start
小題7:
A．whoB．thatC．whomD．which
小題8:
A．neverB．a(chǎn)lmost C．sometimesD．a(chǎn)lways
小題9:
A．inB．onC．a(chǎn)tD．onto
小題10:
A．starB．coatC．penD．book
小題11:
A．leastB．bestC．lowestD．highest
小題12:
A．unusualB．easyC．hard D．important
小題13:
A．becauseB．though C．untilD． if
小題14:
A．lowB．highC．differentD．same
小題15:
A．SoB．BecauseC．AndD．But
小題16:
A．nobodyB．HenryC．AllanD．a(chǎn)nybody
小題17:
A．a(chǎn)fraid B．worriedC．pleasedD．a(chǎn)ngry
小題18:
A．outB．upC．forD．by
小題19:
A．wrongB．trueC．OKD．a(chǎn)ll right
小題20:
A．yoursB．mineC．hisD．others’

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