分析 本文主要講述了全球氣候變暖加速了植物開花的過程,并會對食物鏈和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成長期破壞性的影響,還會導致極端的天氣.
科學家認為,預測物種應對氣候變化的反應是生態(tài)學中所面臨的重要挑戰(zhàn);植物一直是研究的主要對象,因為他們對氣候變化的反應可能會影響食物鏈和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務.在《大自然》網站上發(fā)表的研究是通過對橫跨四大洲的1634個物種(植物)的生命周期進行的研究和實驗,結果表明:一些實驗已經低估了開花速度的8.5倍以及漂浮速度的4倍.所以科學家們認為,未來的實驗設計可能需要改進,以更好地預測植物如何應對氣候變化.科學家們還發(fā)現:自1900以來,世界平均氣溫上升了約0.8度;自1979年以來,氣溫每10年上升近0.2度,所以為了避免極端天氣帶來的危險,必須在本世紀防止地球升溫超過2℃.
解答 57.B 主旨大意題 通讀全文可知第一段是文章的中心段.它主要講述了植物開花的速度比科學家們在根據氣候變化的反應中預測到的速度要快,由此會導致對食物鏈和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成長期破壞性的影響;所以,科學家們想傳達的主要信息是:植物開花的速度超出了科學家的預期.故選B
58.C 細節(jié)理解題 根據第五段"The design of future experiments may need to be improved…to climate change,it said."未來的實驗設計可能需要改進,以更好地預測植物將如何應對氣候變化"可知,從科學家在《大自然》網站上發(fā)表的研究得知,科學家需要改進實驗設計.故選C
59.B 細節(jié)理解題 根據第三段"They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.他們說,植物一直是研究的主要對象,因為他們對氣候變化的反應可能會影響食物鏈和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務."和倒數第三段"Plants are necessary for life on the Earth.They are the base of the food chain…植物是地球上生命所必需的,它們是食物鏈的基礎…"可知,科學家們專注對植物的研究的原因是:他們在食物鏈中很重要.故選B
60.D 主旨大意題 A.自1979以來,氣溫已上升了近0.2度. B.氣溫的變化將導致極端天氣. C.1979年的氣溫比1900年高0.8度.D.本世紀氣溫需要控制在0.2度之內.根據倒數第二段"Scientists believe…nearly 0.2℃every ten years since 1979.科學家們認為,自1900以來,世界平均氣溫上升了約0.8度;自1979年以來,氣溫每10年上升近0.2度,"可知,答案A,C都不正確.如果不能正確地概括出本段的主旨大意,本題很容易錯選B,本文主要講述了科學家的一些研究發(fā)現:全球氣候變暖加速了植物開花的過程,會對食物鏈和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成長期破壞性的影響,還會導致極端的天氣,所以最后一段是概括了本文的主旨大意:為了避免極端天氣帶來的危害,必須在本世紀防止地球升溫超過2℃.故選D
點評 閱讀此類稍有難度的短文,首先一定要通讀全文,把握文章的中心思想;其次,針對后面的題目進行細節(jié)閱讀,從而做出正確地推理和判斷.
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Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean.This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive.The name"humpback",which is the common name for this whale,refers to the typical curve shape the whale's back forms as it dives. Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement,known as a breach.During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap.A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings,as the whale reaches the height of the breach. A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head.It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4meters above the water. The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back.Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins,which may be up to a third of the body length,and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes.These markings are like fingerprints:no two are the same. Humpback whales live in large groups.They communicate with each other through complex"songs". | Quick Facts | |
Size: | 14m~18m in length 30~50tons in weight | |
Living | Open ocean and shallow coastline waters | |
Environment: | From warm tropical (熱帶的) waters,where they breed,to cold polar waters,where they eat. | |
Diet: | Shellfish,plants and fish of small size | |
Hunting: | Sometimes in groups,in which several whales form a circle under the water,blowing bubbles that form a"net"around a school of fish.The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass. | |
Current state: | endangered; it is estimated that there are about 5000~7000humpback whales worldwide. |
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