6．The term culture now is more used to describe everything from the fine arts to the outlook of a business group or a sports team．In its original sense，however，culture includes all identifying aspects of a racial group，nation，or empire：its physical environment，history，and traditions，its social rules and economic structure，and its religious beliefs and arts．
The central beliefs and customs of a group are handed down from one generation to another．It is for this reason that most people regard culture as learned rather than innate．People acquire a culture because they are not born with one．The process by which a person develops a taste for regional foods，accented speech，or an outlook on the world over time，therefore，is known as enculturation （文化適應(yīng)）．
Cultures are often identified by their symbols-images that are familiar and coated with meaning．Totem poles （圖騰柱） carved with animals and creative figures suggest aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest but more literally represent specific tribes （部落）．In Asia and India，the color of yellow is connected with temples while in ancient China it was a color only the emperor's family was allowed to wear．Thus，different cultures may respond to a symbol quite differently．For example，to some a flag may represent pride，historical accomplishments，or ideals； to others，however，it can mean danger or oppression．
To individuals unfamiliar with cultures outside their own，the beliefs，behaviors，and artistic expression of other groups can seem strange and even threatening．A society that ranks all other cultures against its own standards is considered to be ethnocentric （from the Greek ethnos，meaning"people，"and kentros，meaning"center"）．A strongly ethnocentric society assumes also that what is different from its own culture is likely to be inferior and，possibly，wrong or evil．
All people are ethnocentric to some degree，and some aspects of ethnocentrism，such as national pride，contribute to a well-functioning society．An appreciation for one's own culture，however，does not prevent acceptance and respect for another culture．History documents the long-term vigour and success of multicultural groups in which people from numerous and various cultural backgrounds live and work together．Extreme ethnocentrism，in contrast，can lead to racism-the belief that it is race and racial origin that account for variations in human character or ability and that one's own race is superior to all others．

74．What does the word"innate"in Paragraph 2 most probably mean？A
A．Instinctive．
B．Developed．
C．Believable．
D．Cultivated．
75．Which of the following is true according to the passage？A
A．Different interpretations of a symbol help to distinguish one culture from another．
B．An ethnocentric country opens welcoming arms to cultures different from its own．
C．Culture consists of some positive features of a racial group，nation or empire．
D．People from various cultural backgrounds often reach an agreement on some image．
76．What can be inferred from the passage？C
A．All aspects of ethnocentrism can produce negative effects on a society．
B．Racism is unlikely to bring about serious conflicts among different cultures．
C．Respect and acceptance of different cultures are a proper cultural attitude．
D．Countries with a strong sense of national pride play a superior role in the world．
77．Which might be the best title of the passage？D
A．Culture，the origin of racial superiority
B．Culture，a faithful mirror of history
C．Culture，the vigour of world development   
D．Culture，a distinctive identity of a nation．

分析 作者通過講述文化的定義，告訴讀文化是一個民族的獨特身份．

解答 74-77  AACD
74    A  猜測 詞義題  根據(jù)第二段learned和rather than而不是，可知選A．
75   A    細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)第三段的Cultures are often identified by their symbols-images that are familiar and coated with meaning．可知文化經(jīng)常被他們的symbols-images所識別，他們熟悉并覆蓋著意義故選A．
76    C   推斷題．根據(jù)文章最后一段An appreciation for one's own culture，however，does not prevent acceptance and respect for another culture可知對自己的文化的欣賞并不妨礙對另一種文化的接受和尊重，這是一種文化態(tài)度，故選C．
77    D    概括題．通讀全文可知作者通過講述文化的定義，告訴讀文化是一個民族的獨特身份．故選D．

點評 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事實進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．

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