Question

Most damagingly, anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.

Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels (決斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.

Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (腦電圖) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (額葉前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition (意向) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and, as a result of this, we’re likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.

Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不對(duì)稱) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.

1.The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ________.

A. usually has a biological basis

B. varies among people

C. influences one’s thinking and evaluation

D. is socially and culturally shaped

2.What changes can be found in an angry brain?

A. Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.

B. Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.

C. Electrical activity corresponds to one’s behaviour.

D. Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition.

3.Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?

A. Approaching the source of anger.

B. Trying to control what is disliked.

C. Moving away from what is disliked.

D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger.

4.What is the key message of the last paragraph?

A. How anger differs from other emotions.

B. How anger relates to other emotions.

C. Behavioural patterns of anger.

D. Behavioural responses to anger.

Answer 1

1.D

2.B

3.A

4.C

【解析】

試題分析：生氣是非常具有危害性的。生氣會(huì)削弱一個(gè)人清晰思考的能力，還會(huì)控制我們的行為。生氣的人會(huì)失去判斷情形的客觀性。生氣可以在大腦中反映出來。人在生氣的時(shí)候，大腦左右前額葉的腦電圖會(huì)失去平衡。

1.In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.”可知，在當(dāng)代文化中，用肢體來表達(dá)憤怒被認(rèn)為太具有社會(huì)危害性而不會(huì)被人們?nèi)萑獭Ｕf明表達(dá)憤怒的方式受到文化和社會(huì)的影響，故選D。

2.But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced”可知，生氣的時(shí)候，大腦左右前額葉區(qū)域的腦電圖會(huì)變得不均衡，故選B。

3.This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.”可知，生氣的時(shí)候，人們會(huì)接近讓他們生氣的人或者事物，故選A。

4.But anger is an exception to this pattern.”可知，生氣與前面所述的行為模式不同，一個(gè)人越生氣，就越有可能接近讓他生氣的人或事物，由此可知，本段主要講的是生氣的行為模式，故選C。

考點(diǎn)：心理科學(xué)類短文閱讀