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Could your cellphone give you cancer? Whether it could or not, some people are worrying about the possibility that phones, powerlines and wi-fi (路由器) could be responsible for a range of illnesses, from rashes to brain tumours.

For example, Camilla Rees, 48, a former investment banker in the US, moved out of her apartment in San Francisco because of the radiation coming from next door. Rees told the Los Angeles Times that when her neighbors moved in and installed a wi-fi router she lost her ability to think clearly. “I would wake up dizzy in the morning. I’d fall to the floor. I had to leave to escape that nightmare,” she said. Since then, she’s been on a campaign against low-level electromagnetic fields, or EMFs（低頻電磁場）.

And she’s not alone. Millions of people say they suffer from headaches, depression, nausea and rashes when they’re too close to cellphones or other sources of EMFs.

Although the World Health Organization has officially declared that EMFs seem to pose little threat, governments are still concerned. In fact, last April, the European Parliament called for countries to take steps to reduce exposure to EMFs. The city of San Francisco and the state of Maine are currently considering requiring cancer-warning labels on cellphones. 

If these fears are reasonable, then perhaps we should all be worried about the amount of time we spend talking on our phones or plugging into wi-fi hotpots.

Some say there is evidence to support the growing anxieties. David Carpenter, a professor of environmental health sciences at the University at Albany, in New York, thinks there’s a greater than 95% chance that power lines can cause childhood leukemia. Also there’s a greater than 90% chance that cellphones can cause brain tumours.

But others believe these concerns are unreasonable paranoia (猜疑). Dr Martha Linet, the head of radiation epidemiology at the US National Cancer Institute, has looked at the same research as Carpenter but has reached a different conclusion. “I don’t support warning labels for cellphones,” said Linet. “We don't have the evidence that there’s much danger.”

Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs and illness — so weak that it might not exist at all. A multinational investigation of cellphones and brain cancer, in 13 countries outside the US, has been underway for several years. It’s funded in part by the European Union, in part by a cellphone industry group.

According to Robert Park, a professor of physics at the University of Maryland in the US, the magnetic waves aren’t nearly powerful enough to break apart DNA, which is how known threats, such as UV rays and X-rays, cause cancer.

Perhaps it’s just psychological. Some experts find that the electro-sensitivity syndrome seems to be similar to chemical sensitivity syndrome, which is a condition that’s considered to be psychological.

Whether EMFs are harmful or not, a break in the countryside, without the cellphone, would probably be good for all of us.

Title: Could cellphones give you cancer?

Key points

Supporting details

Cellphones are (71)______ to use

● Some people think it (72)______ for cellphones to cause cancer.

● Camilla Rees got ill after his neighbor installed a wi-fi router.

● Millions of people have the (73) _______ problems as Camilla.

● Some evidence supports people’s anxieties.

Cellphones are safe

to use

    

● Some believe that these concerns are just paranoia.

● So far, studies show that there isn’t much (74)______ between EMFs and illness.

● Robert Park thinks that the magnetic waves aren’t （75)_______ enough to destroy DNA.

● It’s just for (76)_______ reasons that people feel ill when they use cellphones.

Attitudes and (77)______

● Some governments are (78)_______ about the safety of cellphones or EMFs.

● The author thinks that we should（79)_______ the chance of talking on the phone or spend more time in the（80)_____ areas without cellphones.

71.dangerous  / harmful   72.possible   73.same   74.connection  75.powerful   76.psychological   77.suggestions / advice / tips  78.concerned / worried   79.reduce   80.rural   

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Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours.

This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly

and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situation—for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.

The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic（the opposite of

“temporary”）usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.

Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, for example,

friends, family members, co-workers, etc. we depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.

Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness as heart disease, while temporary and situational loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.

Loneliness and Diseases

Three different types of  _81_

The most common type is  82  . It disappears quickly and  83  no special attention.

The second type is situation, which usually lasts for  84  than a year.

The third kind is chronic, which means if people experience habitual loneliness, they’ll have problems  85  with others

An important factor in loneliness

With the help of  86  , we know a person’s social contact is one important factor.

We depend on a wide  87  of people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support.

Lonely people may have many social  88 , but they sometimes feel they should have more.

The reasons for finding ways to help the lonely people

One is that they are unhappy and unable to socialize.

The  89  reason is that temporary and situational loneliness can be a 90  condition, sometimes dangerous too.

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