People have long debated the essence（本質(zhì)）of human nature．Some people think humans are born good．In San Zi Jing（Three Chara~er Classic），a Chinese children’s educational book from the13th century, we read：“Men at birth are naturally good．Their natures are similar, their habits become different．’’

Yet some philosophers disagree with this．They think men are born selfish and vicious（惡的）．For example，Thomas Hobbes，the 1 7th century English philosopher argued that men are born self-interested and with a liking for war．

Over the centuries，different philosophers have argued their cases．Now the results of a new study，which contrasts the behavior of very young children and young chimpanzees（黑猩猩）suggests that human beings are born sociable and helpful to others，according to a New York Times report．

“Of course every animal must to some extent be selfish to survive．But the biologists also see

in humans a natural willingness to help．”The New York Times science reporter Nicholas Wade writes．

Wade quotes a book published in October by American psychologist Michael Tomasello．

Tomasello writes：“When infants（嬰兒）18 months old see an unrelated adult whose hands are full and who needs help opening a door or picking up a dropped clothespin，they will immediately help．The helping behavior seems to be innate because it appears so early and before many parents start teaching children the rules of polite behavior．’’

Tomasello finds that this behavior is not the result of an incentive（動機(jī)）of a reward，suggesting training does not influence it．And it seems to happen across cultures，with their different timetables for teaching social rules．For these reasons，Tomamsello concluded that helping is natural，not something taught by parents or culture．

And it seems that infants cannot only help in practical ways，it can also help with information，Tomasello writes．From the age of 1 2 months they will point at objects thin all adult pretends to have lost．Chimpanzees，by contrast，never point at things for each other, and when they point for people．it seems to be as a command to go fetch something rather than to share information．

49．What is the article mainly about?

      A．The behavior of young children．

      B．Former philosophies about human nature.

      C．The difference between babies and baby chimpanzees.

      D．A new study of human nature．

50．According to Michael Tomasello, human beings are born           .

       A．similar to chimpanzees in nature        B．selfish and Vicious

       C．sociable and helpful       D．with a liking for war

51．Of all the following，      has a negative attitude towards human nature.

      A．Three Character           B．Thomas Hobbes

      C．Nicholas Wade    D．Michael Tomasello

52．According to the study，it's safe to say that          .

       A．human beings are not selfish

       B．children like to help others when they get a reward

       C．different countries teach social rules at different times

       D．children tend to be helpful if they are taught early

【小題1】D

【小題2】C

【小題3】B

【小題4】C

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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學(xué)年廣東省惠州市實驗中學(xué)高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

Different people use different languages. We Chinese speak Chinese, and, most of us are learning a foreign language. But there is another kind of language we need to know --- the language of the body.
All over the world, people “talk with their hand, with their heads and with their eyes.” When Japanese people meet, they bow. When Indians meet, they put their hands together. What do American and British do? Americans are more imformal(不拘小節(jié)的) than the British. They like to be friendly. They use first names, they ask questions and they talk easily about themselves. When they sit down, they like to relax in their chairs and make themselves comfortable. British people are more reserved(保守的). They take more time to make friends. They like to know you before they ask your name.
When British or American people meet someone for the first time, they shake hands. They do not usually shake hands with people they know well. Women sometimes kiss their women friends, and men kiss women friends (on one cheek only). When a man meets a man, he just smiles, and says, “Hello.” Men do not kiss each other, or hold hands. Even fathers and sons do not often kiss each other.
【小題1】In the passsage, the writer thinks that body language is ______________.

A．uselssB．difficultC．quite easyD．important
【小題2】Which of the following is right?
A．different countries hav the same body language.
B．different countries have different body anguages.
C．people in Asia share the same body language.
D．many people only use their body language.
【小題3】If an American friend visits you, he probably _____________.
A．sit straightB．never sits downC．makes fun of youD．sits freely
【小題4】If you want to make a British friend, you may feel it ________________.
A．imopssibleB．too easyC．too difficultD．slow
【小題5】Generally speaking, ____________ kiss more often.
A．menB．womenC．BritishD．Americans

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科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆廣東省惠州市高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Different people use different languages. We Chinese speak Chinese, and, most of us are learning a foreign language. But there is another kind of language we need to know --- the language of the body.

All over the world, people “talk with their hand, with their heads and with their eyes.” When Japanese people meet, they bow. When Indians meet, they put their hands together. What do American and British do? Americans are more imformal(不拘小節(jié)的) than the British. They like to be friendly. They use first names, they ask questions and they talk easily about themselves. When they sit down, they like to relax in their chairs and make themselves comfortable. British people are more reserved(保守的). They take more time to make friends. They like to know you before they ask your name.

When British or American people meet someone for the first time, they shake hands. They do not usually shake hands with people they know well. Women sometimes kiss their women friends, and men kiss women friends (on one cheek only). When a man meets a man, he just smiles, and says, “Hello.” Men do not kiss each other, or hold hands. Even fathers and sons do not often kiss each other.

1.In the passsage, the writer thinks that body language is ______________.

A．uselss            B．difficult           C．quite easy         D．important

2.Which of the following is right?

A．different countries hav the same body language.

B．different countries have different body anguages.

C．people in Asia share the same body language.

D．many people only use their body language.

3.If an American friend visits you, he probably _____________.

A．sit straight         B．never sits down     C．makes fun of you    D．sits freely

4.If you want to make a British friend, you may feel it ________________.

A．imopssible         B．too easy           C．too difficult        D．slow

5.Generally speaking, ____________ kiss more often.

A．men             B．women           C．British            D．Americans

 

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Different people use different languages. We Chinese speak Chinese, and, most of us are learning a foreign language. But there is another kind of language we need to know --- the language of the body.
All over the world, people “talk with their hand, with their heads and with their eyes.” When Japanese people meet, they bow. When Indians meet, they put their hands together. What do American and British do? Americans are more imformal(不拘小節(jié)的) than the British. They like to be friendly. They use first names, they ask questions and they talk easily about themselves. When they sit down, they like to relax in their chairs and make themselves comfortable. British people are more reserved(保守的). They take more time to make friends. They like to know you before they ask your name.
When British or American people meet someone for the first time, they shake hands. They do not usually shake hands with people they know well. Women sometimes kiss their women friends, and men kiss women friends (on one cheek only). When a man meets a man, he just smiles, and says, “Hello.” Men do not kiss each other, or hold hands. Even fathers and sons do not often kiss each other

  1. 1.

    In the passsage, the writer thinks that body language is______.

    1. A.
      uselss
    2. B.
      difficult
    3. C.
      quite easy
    4. D.
      important
  2. 2.

    Which of the following is right?

    1. A.
      different countries hav the same body language
    2. B.
      different countries have different body anguages
    3. C.
      people in Asia share the same body language
    4. D.
      many people only use their body language
  3. 3.

    If an American friend visits you, he probably______.

    1. A.
      sit straight
    2. B.
      never sits down
    3. C.
      makes fun of you
    4. D.
      sits freely
  4. 4.

    If you want to make a British friend, you may feel it______.

    1. A.
      imopssible
    2. B.
      too easy
    3. C.
      too difficult
    4. D.
      slow
  5. 5.

    Generally speaking, ______kiss more often

    1. A.
      men
    2. B.
      women
    3. C.
      British
    4. D.
      Americans

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