Even a small reduction in salt in the diet can be a big help to the heart. A new study used a computer model to predict how just three grams less a day would affect heart disease in the United States.
The result: thirteen percent fewer heart attacks. Eight percent fewer strokes. Four percent fewer deaths. Eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease. And two hundred forty billion dollars in health care savings.
Researchers found it could prevent one hundred thousand heart attacks and ninety-two thousand deaths every year.
The study is in the New England Journal of Medicine. Kirsten, at the University of California, was the lead author. She says people would not even notice a difference in taste with three grams, or one-half teaspoon, less salt per day. The team also included researchers at Stanford and Columbia University.
Each gram of salt contains four hundred milligrams of sodium, which is how foods may list their salt content.
The government says the average American man eats ten grams of salt a day. The American Heart Association advises no more than three grams for healthy people. It says salt in the American diet has increased fifty percent since the nineteen seventies, while blood pressures have also risen. Less salt can mean a lower blood pressure.
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg is leading an effort called the National Salt Reduction Initiative. The idea is to put pressure on food companies and restaurants.
Mayor Bloomberg has already succeeded in other areas, like requiring fast food places in the city to list calorie information. Now a study by the Seattle Children's Research Institute shows how that idea can influence what parents order for their children.
Ninety-nine parents of three to six year olds took part. Half had McDonald's menus clearly showing how many calories were in each food. The other half got menus without the calorie information.
小題1: How many heart attacks will occur in the US every year？ 
A．nearly 800,000.B．24,000.
C．100,000.D．92,000.
小題2:We can learn from the passage that         .  
A．Americans ate no more than 5 grams of salt per day in the 1970s
B．the American Heart Association suggest less than 3 grams of salt every day
C．a(chǎn) reduction in salt in the diet helps lower blood pressure
D．a(chǎn)ll the heart diseases result from eating more salt
小題3:The National Salt Reduction Initiative aims to         . 
A．a(chǎn)dvise Americans to eat less salt
B．put pressure on food companies and restaurants
C．require fast food places to list calorie information
D．a(chǎn)ttract the public attention to the problem
小題4:All the following are related to the salt in diet except         .  
A．strokesB．heart attacks
C．blood pressuresD．stomach diseases
小題5:The best title of the passage of the passage is         . 
A．Less salt can mean more life
B．Prevent heart attacks and deaths
C．The National Salt Reduction Initiative
D．Americans should eat less salt

小題1:A
小題1:C
小題1:B
小題1:D
小題1:A
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


We can’t help but grow older physically, but we can stay young in other ways. Do you want to stay young？ If yes is the answer, here is what you can do:
1. Throw out nonessential numbers. This includes age, weight and height. Let the doctor worry about them. That is why you pay him/her.
2. Keep only cheerful friends. The grouches （抱怨）pull you down.
3. Keep learning. Learn more about the computer, gardening, whatever. Never let the brain idle. “An idle mind is the devil’s workshop.”
4.Enjoy the simple things. When the children are young, that is all that you can afford. When they are in college, that is all you can afford. When you are on retirement, that is all you can afford!
5. Laugh often, long and loud. Laugh until you gasp for breath. Laugh so much that you can be tracked in the store by your distinctive laughter.
6. Surround yourself with what you love, whether it is family, pets, keepsakes, music, plants, or hobbies, whatever. Your home is your refuge.
7. Value your health. If it is good, preserve it. If it is unstable, improve it. If it is beyond what you can improve, get help.
8. The tears happen. Endure sorrow, and move on. The only person who is with us our entire life, is ourselves. Be alive while you are alive.
9. At every opportunity, tell the people you love that you love them.
小題1:What does the underlined sentence “Throw out nonessential numbers” mean?
A．Try to forget some unimportant numbers.
B．Do not let your age, weight or height trouble you.
C．It is not interesting to remember some numbers.
D．Some unimportant things are difficult to remember.
小題2:What is the fourth advice meant to tell us?
A．The children are so clever that we need not worry about their study.
B．Someone else can take care of the children and our late life.
C．We are rich enough to afford all the money that the children spend.
D．We needn’t worry about the children and our late life.
小題3:Which of the following advice is NOT mentioned?
A．Laugh often.B．Enjoy the simple things.
C．Drink eight cups of water a day.D．Keep in good health.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A cheap drug that can stop bleeding in people recently injured in an accident could potentially save the lives of tens of thousands worldwide, a new study says.
Researchers studied the effects of tranexamic acid （凝血酸）, or TXA, in more than 10,000 injured people in 40 countries who received the drug within 8 hours of being injured. The study was published in the medical journal Lancet. Doctors found that patients who got TXA had a 15percent lower chance of dying from hemorrhage than those who didn’t get it . They also had a 10 percent lower chance of dying from any other cause, including organ failure and a head injury. The study was paid for by the British government.
The drug is commonly used in wealthy countries during elective surgeries(外科手術(shù)) to stop bleeding , but isn’t used for accident victims. TXA is off-patent and made by many companies. It costs about $4.5 per gram, and a typical dose is two grams. It is usually given via an injection（注射） and would be relatively easy to introduce, even in poor countries, experts said.
Previous tests of the drug regarded its use in elective surgeries, such as heart operations, but this was the first study to test the drug on accident victims. Doctors were worried it might increase side effects such as blood clots （凝塊）in the heart and lungs, strokes, or heart attacks. There was no evidence of that in the Lancet study, though the authors said it was possible they might have missed some of these incidents.
For people between 5 and 45, accidents are the second leading cause of death worldwide after AIDS, and about 600,000 injured patients bleed to death every year. Experts estimated that if TXA were readily available, between 70,000 and 100,000 lives a year could be saved. Though the drug wasn’t tested on children , experts said it would almost certainly work with them as well.
小題1:The underlined word” hemorrhage” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________
A．serious illnessB．heart diseaseC．heavy bleedingD．lack of drug
小題2:What can we learn about TXA from the passage?
A．It can only be made in EnglandB．It was only used in operations before
C．It is a patented drugD．It is mainly used in poor countries
小題3:Doctors were worried about using TXA because ________
A．a(chǎn) lot of patients died unexpectedly after using it
B．it has no treatment effect on patients
C．it can cause blood clots or stroke
D．they hadn’t used it on accident victims before
小題4: What do we know from the last paragraph?
A．It is a pity that TXA wasn’t widely used on injured patients before
B．Tests have proved that TXA can be used on children
C．People between 5 and 45 should be injected with TXA every year
D．Accidents are the first leading cause of death worldwide.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)
Weight loss is a hard topic. Lots of people aren’t satisfied with their present weight, but most people aren’t sure how to change it. You may want to look like the models or actors in magazines or on TV, but those goals might not be healthy or realistic(現(xiàn)實(shí)的) for you .  小題1:  
So what should you do about your weight control?
  小題2:   The best way to find out if you are at a healthy weight or if you need to lose or gain weight is to talk to a  doctor  or  dietitian （營養(yǎng)學(xué)家 ).
  小題3:   If it turns out that you can benefit from weight loss then you can follow a few of the simple suggestions listed below to get started.
  小題4:   People who lose weight quickly by crash dieting or other extreme measures usually gain back all of the pounds they lost, because they haven’t permanently(永久地) changed their habits. Therefore, the best weight management ways are those that you can maintain for a lifetime.
Small changes are a lot easier to stick with (堅(jiān)持做) than large ones. Try reducing the size of what you eat.    小題5:   Once you have that down, start gradually introducing healthier foods and exercise into your life.
It’s a good idea to maintain a healthy weight because it’s just that: healthy.
A．Try giving up regular soda for a week.
B．Try to pay attention as you eat and stop when you’re full.
C．Weight management is about long-term success.
D．Besides, no magical diet will make you look like someone else.
E．Being healthy is really about being at a weight that is right for you.
F．Changing from whole to nonfat or low-fat milk is also a good idea.
G．They will compare your weight with healthy standards and help you set goals

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Chocolate is good for your heart, skin and brain. Usually, people think that chocolate is bad for their health. They describe chocolate as “something to die for” or say “death by chocolate”．Now they should bite their tongues! Evidence(證據(jù)) is showing that some kinds of chocolate are actually good for you in the following ways:
A happier heart
Scientists at Harvard University recently examined 136 studies on cocoa—the main ingredient in chocolate and found that it does seem to strengthen the heart．Studies have shown heart benefits from increased blood flow．These benefits are the result of cocoa’s chemicals, which seem to prevent both cell damage and inflammation(炎癥)．
Better blood pressure
If yours is high, chocolate may help．Jeffrey Blumberg from Tufts University recently found that people with high blood pressure who ate 3.5 ounces of dark chocolate per day for two weeks saw their blood pressure drop quickly．
Muscle magic
Chocolate milk may help you recover after a hard workout(鍛煉)．In a small study at Indiana University, people who drank chocolate milk between workouts did better on a tiredness test than those who had some sports drinks．
Better for your skin．German researchers gave 24 women a half-cup of special cocoa every day．After three months, the women’s skin was moister(滑潤的)and smoother．The research shows that chocolate helps protect and increase blood flow to the skin, improving its appearance．
Brain gains
It sounds almost too good to be true, but research suggests that chocolate may improve your memory, attention span, reaction time, and problem-solving by increasing blood flow to the brain．
小題1:Which of the following is wrong?                                            
A．Coca’s chemicals can prevent both cell damage and inflammation.
B．Chocolate may help you lower your blood pressure.
C．People early know chocolate is good for their health.
D．chocolate may improve your memory, attention span, reaction time, and problem-solving.
小題2:What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph?
A．Sports drinks are better than chocolate milk．
B．Sports drinks can make people easy to be tired．
C．Drinking milk can keep you energetic at work．
D．We should drink chocolate milk between times when we work hard．
小題3:What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Chocolate, a Healthy FoodB．More Chocolate, Less Health
C．Chocolate and Blood PressureD．Advice on Eating Chocolate
小題4:The conclusion that chocolate may help lower blood pressure was brought out by       ．
A．scientists at Harvard University
B．Jeffrey Blumberg from Tufts University
C．scientists at Indiana University
D．German researchers
小題5:What’s the meaning of “bite their tongues” in the first paragraph?
A．Think of it．．B．Speak up．C． Stop talkingD．Listen to it

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

More than 10 years ago, it was difficult to buy a tasty pineapple. The fruits that made it to the UK were green on the outside and, more often than not, hard with an unpleasant taste within. Then in 1966, the Del Monte Gold pineapple produced in Hawaii first hit our shelves.
The new type of pineapple looked more yellowy-gold than green. It was slightly softer on the outside and had a lot of juice inside. But the most important thing about this new type of pineapple was that it was twice as sweet as the hit-and-miss pineapples we had known. In no time, the Del Monte Gold took the market by storm, rapidly becoming the world’s best-selling pineapple variety, and delivering natural levels of sweetness in the mouth, up until then only found in tinned pineapple.
In nutrition it was all good news too. This nice tasting pineapple contained four times more vitamin C than the old green variety. Nutritionists said that it was not only full of vitamins, but also good against some diseases. People were understandably eager to be able to buy this wonderful fruit. The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping basket of the healthy eater.
Seeing the growing market for its winning pineapple, Del Monte tried to keep market to itself. But other fruit companies developed similar pineapples. Del Monte turned to law for help, but failed. Those companies argued successfully that Del Monte’s attempts to keep the golden pineapple for itself were just a way to knock them out of the market.
小題1:We learn from the text that the new type of pineapple is __________.
A．green outside and sweet insideB． good-looking outside and soft inside
C．yellowy-gold outside and hard insideD．a(chǎn) little soft outside and sweet inside
小題2:Why was the new type of pineapple selling well?
A．It was rich in nutrition and tasted nice.B．It was less sweet and good for health.
C．It was developed by Del Monte.D．It was used as medicine.
小題3:The underlined word “fixture” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to something _________.
A．that people enjoy eatingB．that is always present
C．that is difficult to getD．that people use as a gift
小題4: We learn from the last paragraph that Del Monte _________.
A．slowed other companies to develop pineapples
B．succeeded in keeping the pineapple for itself
C．tried hard to control the pineapple market
D．planned to help the other companies

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Why do parents deny their kids’ weight?
Experts in childhood nutrition aren’t surprised by an investigation this summer that shows 50％of parents who have overweight children don’t realize their children Weigh too much．Many parents deny their children’s weight because they don’t want to have to change their own eating and exercise habits，says Keith Ayoob, a doctor who works with overweight children and their families in New York City．
Parents frequently ask him whether their children have a thyroid(甲狀腺) problem, but that’s rarely the case．“1t’s usually a dietary(有關(guān)飲食的) and lifestyle issue．It’s very difficult for parents to deal with their own food issues，”Ayoob says．An estimated 25 million children in the USA are overweight, which puts them at risk of developing diabetes(糖尿病), high blood Pressure and other health problems．A Consumer Reports magazine investigation released on July 25，2009 of 3．048 parents who have children aged 5 to 17 found that 91% say childhood obesity (肥胖) is a problem in the USA．
Only 36％of the parents with heavy children say their family doctors have suggested their children lose weight；the other 64％say the doctors didn’t mention it．“Many parents simply don’t realize their children are overweight．”says Keith Ayoob．“The doctors never told them．Other kids in the class look like their children．a(chǎn)nd their kids seem pretty healthy．”he says．
He has parents go to the calculator on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website to figure out whether their children are too heavy．
小題1:Why do many parents fail to admit their children are overweight?
A．Because they think it a shame to be overweight.
B．Because they want to keep their own eating and exercise habits.
C．Because they want to change their own eating and exercise habits．
D．Because they want their children to have more nutrition．
小題2:What is the probable cause of childhood obesity?
A．Thyroid problem．B．High blood pressure．
C．Dietary and lifestyle habit．D．Diabetes．
小題3:It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that the family doctors’ advice     ．
A．has no influence on many parents
B．has much influence on many parents
C．has little influence on many parents
D．is totally accepted by many parents
小題4:What advice does Keith Ayoob give to parents?
A．He advises that parents should go and ask their family doctors in person．
B．He advises that the children should have a medical examination regularly．
C．He advises that school should force the children to eat less and exercise more．
D．He advises parents to go to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website for the information．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

New York: Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defence against getting ill, new study findings suggest.
In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive emotional style” can help protect us from the common cold and other illnesses.
Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective----as in happiness improving immune, function----and subjective----as in happy people being less troubled by a sore throat or funny nose. "People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus," explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. "And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe."
Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less likely to catch a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect.
For the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional "style." Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative style.
The researchers gave them nasal(鼻的) drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus production. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold.
小題1:Which is the best title for the passage?
A．Stay Away From Being Negative
B．Positive or Negative, It’s Up To You
C．An Effective Medicine For Being Fit
D．Warm People Likely To Keep Cold Away
小題2:According to Dr Cohen’s research, the reason why some people are unlikely to catch a cold is that ___________________.
A．their cheerful mood benefits the immune system
B．they have developed a certain gene against flu virus
C．they are less likely to have s sore throat and funny nose
D．they have got a stronger self-confidence in their health
小題3:The underlined word “disposition” (paragraph 2) probably means ________.
A．characterB．dayC．futureD．occupation
小題4:The passage is probably written for ___________________.
A．medical studentsB．lead authorsC．the publicD．the volunteers

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There's a lot of discussion these days about healthy kids. People who care (parents, doctors, teachers, and others) want to know how to help kids be more healthy.
Being healthy is a way of saying a person eats well, gets a lot of physical activity (exercise), and has a healthy weight. If you're healthy, your body works well, feels good, and can do all the things you want to do. Here are five rules to live by, if you're a kid who wants to be healthy.
Eat a Variety of Foods, Especially Fruits and Vegetables. You may have a favorite food, but the best choice is to eat a variety. If you eat different foods, you're more likely to get the nutrients(營養(yǎng)) your body needs. Taste new foods and old ones you haven't tried for a while. Get at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a day — two fruits and three vegetables.
Drink Water and Milk Most Often. When you're really thirsty, cold water is the No. 1 for you. Kids need calcium（鈣）to build strong bones, and milk is a great source of this mineral. How much do kids need? Aim for 3 cups of milk per day. You can mix it up by having milk and some other calcium-rich dairy foods .
Be Active.One job you have as a kid — and it's a fun one — is that you get to figure out which activities you like best. Not everyone loves baseball or soccer. Ask your parents to help you do your favorite activities regularly. Find ways to be active every day. You might even write down a list of fun stuff to do, so you can refer to it when your mom or dad says it's time to stop watching TV or playing computer games!
小題1: What’s the best title for this passage?
A．Do Your Favorite Activities RegularlyB．Eat More Fruits and Vegetables Every Day
C．Drink Water and Milk When You Are ThirstyD．Tips on How to Keep Healthy
小題2: Which of the following can’t show a kid is healthy?
A．Eating wellB．Having too much sleep
C．Having a healthy weightD．Getting a lot of physical exercise
小題3: The best way to get enough nutrients for your body is ________.
A．to drink milk every dayB．to eat what you haven’t eaten before
C．to eat all kinds of foodsD．to eat fruits and vegetables instead of grains
小題4:The underlined words “this material” in the fourth paragraph refer to _________.
A．calciumB．calcium-rich dairy foodC．milkD．nutrients

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