20.Several years ago,Jeremy Clarkson,presenter of the famous BBC television programme‘Top Gear',discovered that one of his guests was half German and half Irish.Immediately,he said:"That's quite an odd combination.It's like,‘this must be done absolutely perfectly…tomorrow'".
This joke played on stereotypes (刻板印象) of the Germans as efficient and the Irish as lazy.Many people could understandably be offended by these kinds of assertions.We do not know every Irish person,so how can we then conclude that every Irish person is lazy?
I recently read on a website that Irish business people were described as being‘generally rather casual'and‘more outwardly friendly than many European countries''.German business people,on the other hand,are considered to be very direct and according to the website,they‘do not need a personal relationship in order to do business'.Once you hear advice like this,it becomes easier to understand where jokes like the one in the first paragraph come from.
So why do some people disapprove of the kind of stereotypes as seen in Clarkson's joke,but not batting an eyelid when it comes to generalisations.What is the difference between the two?
By definition,a stereotype is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.A cultural characteristic,on the other hand,is a pattern of behaviour that is typical of a certain group.
So what does this really mean?Stereotypes are simply overstated assumptions about groups of people.Imagine if a tourist visited a small town in Switzerland and saw a number of locals playing the alphorn instrument,and then claimed that Swiss people can play the alphorn.This would be a stereotype!This is an overstated image of the Swiss which is based on one tourist's experience.
If,however,this tourist were to say that the Swiss are very punctual,this could be seen as a cultural characteristic.This is because it is a pattern of behaviour which is very typical in Switzerland:from their transport system to their business meetings.
In this way,some people argue that generalising another culture is not just useful,but important.Politicians always have to be mindful of the cultural characteristics of different countries.By becoming aware of different cultural characteristics,they can avoid causing offence in those cultures.
However,others argue that generalising cultures will always lead to offensive stereotypes.They argue that the best thing we can do is to stop generalising cultures and start treating people as individuals.
All this raises important questions:can making generalisations about groups of people be a positive thing?Or should we always avoid making broad assumptions about different groups?
29.When he said,"It's like,‘this must be done absolutely perfectly…tomorrow'",Jeremy Clarkson really meantC.
A.the Germans will do it perfectly tomorrow while the Irish won't
B.the combination of half German and half Irish is interesting
C.the characteristics of the Germans and the Irish are opposite
D.the stereotypes of the Germans and the Irish are not so good
30.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?D
A.The Irish people are considered as lazy,direct and casual.
B.The Germans are thought to be efficient,friendly and direct.
C.The Swiss can play the alphorn quite well.
D.It's typical of the Swiss to be punctual.
31.Politicians think it important to generalize another culture becauseB.
A.they think different cultural characteristics are useful
B.they don't want to offend other people
C.cultural characteristics are better than stereotypes
D.generalizing will lead to offensive stereotypes
32.The main purpose of this passage is toA.
A.discuss whether it is good to make generalizations about groups of people
B.tell us the differences between stereotypes and cultural characteristics
C.illustrate the importance of making generalizations
D.show it is wrong to play jokes on stereotypes of different people.
分析 這是一篇社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)話(huà)題議論文,討論了是否需要對(duì)民族特性作概括.由于文化,習(xí)俗習(xí)慣的不同,不同的民族總是有其獨(dú)有的特點(diǎn),社會(huì)應(yīng)予以保護(hù).
解答 29. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第一段第二句Immediately,he said:"That's quite an odd combination.It's like,‘this must be done absolutely perfectly…tomorrow'".
和第二段第一句This joke played on stereotypes (刻板印象) of the Germans as efficient and the Irish as lazy.可知,人們對(duì)德國(guó)人和愛(ài)爾蘭人的印象是相反的.結(jié)合選項(xiàng),故選C
30. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題. 根據(jù)文章.If,however,this tourist were to say that the Swiss are very punctual,this could be seen as a cultural characteristic如果游客們說(shuō)瑞士人很守時(shí),那么這就是他們的文化特征.結(jié)合選項(xiàng),故選D
31. B 推理判斷題. 根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段最后一句話(huà)By becoming aware of different cultural characteristics,they can avoid causing offence in those cultures.通過(guò)對(duì)不同的民族特征做了解和掌握,有助于避免文化沖突,結(jié)合選項(xiàng),給選B
32. A 主旨大意題. 根據(jù)文章尤其是最后三段內(nèi)容,主要討論了是否需要對(duì)民族特性作概括.由于文化,習(xí)俗習(xí)慣的不同,不同的民族總是有其獨(dú)有的特點(diǎn),社會(huì)應(yīng)予以保護(hù).結(jié)合選項(xiàng),故選A
點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文是一個(gè)社會(huì)文化類(lèi)閱讀,題目涉及多道細(xì)節(jié)理解題,做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案.推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案,切忌胡亂猜測(cè),一定要做到有理有據(jù).