An experiment was carried out at British school into the performance of new pupils.  At the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”. These were totally untrue ratings and did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed. However, these ratings were given to the teachers. At the end of the year, the experimenters compared the pupils’ performance with the ratings. Despite their real abilities, there was an astonishingly high connection between performance and ratings. It seems that people perform as well as we expect them to.
The Self-fulfilling Effect is also known as the Pygmalion Effect. This comes from an old Greek story. The story was also the basis of George Bernard Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”, later turned into the musical “My Fair Lady”. In Shaw’s play, Professor Henry Higgins claims he can turn a Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle into a duchess. But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins’ friend Pickering, it isn’t what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess, but how she’s treated.
The implication (含義) of the Pygmalion Effect for leaders and managers is massive. It means that the performance of your team depends less on them than it does on you. The performance you get from people is no more or less than what you expect, which means you must always expect the best. As Goethe said, “Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. Treat a man as he can and should be and he will become as he can and should be.”
【小題1】The underlined word “rating” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “_________”.

A．program B．regulation 
C．correction D．classification 
【小題2】What’s the passage mainly about?
A．A new scientific experiment. 
B．The Self-fulfilling Effect. 
C．Shaw’s play “Pygmalion”. 
D．An improved teaching method. 
【小題3】The experiment was made in order to _________.
A．try out a new teaching method 
B．pick out the most excellent pupils 
C．learn if expectations affect performance 
D．give each pupil a proper rating 
【小題4】What made Eliza change into a duchess according to Eliza herself?
A．Strict training from Higgins. 
B．Her own strong will and hard work. 
C．The proper way she was regarded 
D．Warm encouragement from Pickering. 
【小題5】According to the Pygmalion Effect, if you want a man to finish a hard task in a short time, you should say, “_________”.
A．I’m sure you can make it 
B．I will help you any time 
C．It is as easy as pie 
D．It doesn’t matter if you fail 


【小題1】D
【小題2】B
【小題3】C
【小題4】C
【小題5】A

解析試題分析：本題介紹了心理學(xué)上的皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)，亦稱“羅森塔爾效應(yīng)(RobertRosenthal Effect)”或“期待效應(yīng)”。暗示在本質(zhì)上，是人的情感和觀念，會(huì)不同程度地受到別人下意識(shí)的影響。人們會(huì)不自覺地接受自己喜歡、欽佩、信任和崇拜的人的影響和暗示。而這種暗示，正是讓你夢想成真的基石之一……在本文中是指自我期待對我們?nèi)松挠绊憽?br />【小題1】D 推理題。根據(jù)第一段1,2行At the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, ranging from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”.說明該詞是指給學(xué)生排名分類，從高到低順序排列。故D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與之相符。
【小題2】B 主旨大意題。本題介紹了心理學(xué)上的皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)，亦稱“羅森塔爾效應(yīng)(RobertRosenthal Effect)”或“期待效應(yīng)”。暗示在本質(zhì)上，是人的情感和觀念，會(huì)不同程度地受到別人下意識(shí)的影響。人們會(huì)不自覺地接受自己喜歡、欽佩、信任和崇拜的人的影響和暗示。而這種暗示，正是讓你夢想成真的基石之一……在本文中是指自我期待對我們?nèi)松挠绊�，故B正確。
【小題3】C 推理題。本文第一段中的這個(gè)例子就是為了向我們說明人們的心理期待對人生的影響。那些分類排名本來并不正確，但是它給了人們心理暗示，就應(yīng)該按照那個(gè)順序來排名，最終的結(jié)果與最先的期待基本類似。這個(gè)例子正是為了向我們表明心理暗示即期待對人有很多的影響的。故C項(xiàng)正確。
【小題4】C 推理題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩行But, as Eliza herself points out to Higgins’ friend Pickering, it isn’t what she learns or does that determines whether she will become a duchess, but how she’s treated.說明是她被如何對待的方式改變了結(jié)果。故C項(xiàng)正確。
【小題5】A 推理題。根據(jù)皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)，亦稱“羅森塔爾效應(yīng)(RobertRosenthal Effect)”或“期待效應(yīng)”。暗示在本質(zhì)上，是人的情感和觀念，會(huì)不同程度地受到別人下意識(shí)的影響。人們會(huì)不自覺地接受自己喜歡、欽佩、信任和崇拜的人的影響和暗示。而這種暗示，正是讓你夢想成真的基石之一……說明如果我們要成功就要自己一定的心理暗示，故你要完成一個(gè)艱巨的任務(wù)，要對自己說我一定能行。故A項(xiàng)正確。
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Many people influenced various aspects of my life, based on their personal characteristics, accomplishments, and values. I have been fortunate to have had numerous teachers and professors who I respect for their patience and intelligent. There are artists that have inspired me by their natural talents and original creativity. I value many political leaders, who have inspired me by their contributions to society, and their ability to change our futures. But of all the people I have known in my life, the person I admire most is my father.
As the youngest girl in my family, I always considered myself to be “Daddy’s little girl”. While I grew up, it always made me sad to see so many of my friends and neighbors without a father or father-like figure around. This helped me appreciate how my father always takes an interest in his children’s lives. In every aspect of my life my father continuously pushes me to excel, so I could accomplish my work outstandingly among my people. Whenever I feel like giving up, or have a question or a concern, I know I can always call on him for advice. From him I have also learned that sometimes you have to put others’ needs ahead of your own, but you should make sure you are not taken advantage of by others. His strength seems to be unbreakable during hard times, and he is extremely determined to accomplish anything he sets his mind on, no matter how tiny it is. I highly respect him for how he stands up for what he believes in, and will never back down. I have always admired his open mind, compassion for people, and sense of understanding. He is a very reserved man, but to everybody’s surprise, he has a great sense of humor, and always knows how to put a smile on the faces of his wife, his children and his friends.
Living in his affection and instruction, I am very proud of my father. He also professes how proud he is of his children, and is still there to support us in whatever we are involved in.
【小題1】 What is the best title for the passage?

A．How my father loved me
B．My father—the one who influenced me most
C．I am the apple on my father’s palm
D．My father—the person I admire most
【小題2】 Which of the following could not be used to describe the author’s father?
A．Knowledgeable and sociable
B．Affectionate and open-minded
C．Considerate and humorous
D．Energetic and helpful
【小題3】Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “excel”?
A．Be cleverer than others. B．Show off.
C．Do better than others. D．Keep healthy
【小題4】According to the underlined part, the father was telling the author to ___________.
A．try to be good to those who were worth making friends with
B．think about others and help them, but not to be made use of in a negative way
C．think about others and help them, so that she could make them serve her
D．try to take advantage of those who were friendly to her
【小題5】What can we infer about the author?
A．She had sympathy for the fatherless.
B．She considered her father humorous and was often made to laugh by him.
C．She appreciated her father because he solved all the problems for her.
D．She was outstanding in work because her father pushed her hard

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

A world-famous Canadian author, Margaret Atwood, has created the world’s first long-distance signing device(裝置), the LongPen.
After many tiring book-signing tours from city to city, Atwood thought there must be a better way to do them. She hired some technical experts and started her own company in 2004. Together they designed the LongPen. Here’s how it works: The author writes a personal message and signature on a computer tablet(手寫板) using a special pen. On the receiving end, in another city, a robotic arm fitted with a regular pen signs the book. The author and fan can talk with each other via webcams(網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像機(jī)) and computer screens.
Work on the LongPen began in Atwood’s basement(地下室). At first, they had no idea it would be as hard as it turned out to be. The device went through several versions, including one that actually had smoke coming out of it. The investing finally completed, test runs were made in Ottawa, and the LongPen was officially launched at the 2006 London Book Fair. From here , Atwood conducted two transatlantic book signings of her latest book for fans in Toronto and New York City.
The LongPen produces a unique signature each time because it copies the movement of the author in real time. It has several other potential applications. It could increase credit card security and allow people to sign contracts from another province. The video exchange between signer and receiver can be recorded on DVD for proof when legal documents are used.
“It’s really fun”, said the owner of a bookstore, who was present for one of the test runs. “Obviously you can’t shake hands with the author, but there are chances for a connection that you don’t get from a regular book signing.”
The response to the invention has not been all favorable. Atwood has received criticism from authors who think she is trying to end book tours. But she said, “It will be possible to go to places that you never got sent to before because the publishers couldn’t afford it.”
【小題1】Why did Atwood decide to invent the LongPen?

A．To set up her own company. 
B．To win herself greater popularity. 
C．To write her books in a new way. 
D．To make book signings less tiring. 
【小題2】How does the LongPen work?
A．It copies the author’s signature and prints it on a book. 
B．It signs a book while receiving the author’s signature. 
C．The webcam sends the author’s signature to another city. 
D．The fan uses it to copy the author’s signature himself. 
【小題3】What do we know about the invention of the LongPen?
A．It has been completed but not put into use.  
B．The basement caught fire by accident. 
C．Some versions failed before its test run.  
D．The designers were well-prepared for the difficulty. 
【小題4】How could the LongPen be used in the future?
A．To draft legal documents.  
B．To improve credit card security 
C．To keep a record of the author’s ideas. 
D．To allow author and fan to exchange videos 
【小題5】What could be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6?
A．Atwood doesn’t mean to end book tours. 
B．Critics think the LongPen is of little use 
C．Bookstore owners don’t support the LongPen 
D．Publishers dislike the LongPen for its high cost. 

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

The deserts of the world are not all covered with sand. Many of them have surfaces of rock or clay or small stones. They are not flat, either. They often have high hills and deep valleys. There is some plants’ life in many parts of the desert. There is little rain in the desert, but it does fall often enough for most plants.
The deserts of the world are not uninhabited(not lived by people). People also live outside oases(綠洲), but these people are not farmers. They have camels, goats, donkeys, sheep, etc. These animals can live on the desert plants and do not need much water.
The people of the desert have to move constantly from place to place, they must always look for grass or desert plants for their animals. They usually live in tents. When there is no more food for their animals, they fold up their tents, pat them on their camels and donkeys, and move to another place. In good years, when there is enough food for their animals, they trade their skins and their goats and camel hairs with the people of oases for wheat and fruit. But in bad years, when there is not enough food for their animals, the people of the desert would attack the oases people. But they are also hospitable, no man in the desert would ever refuse to give a stranger food and water.
【小題1】According to the passage, deserts are mostly made up of _______.

A．clay B．rock
C．stonesD．sand
【小題2】 The underlined word “hospitable” has the meaning of being _______.
A．braveB．cruel
C．strangeD．kind
【小題3】In the desert _______.
A．it rains in spring only
B．there is some rain, but far from enough
C．it rains for a short time every month
D．the rainfall is just enough for the plants
【小題4】People live _______.
A．only inside the oases
B．only outside the oases
C．both inside and outside the oases
D．in places with regular rainfalls
【小題5】From the passage we know that life _______.
A．is hard in deserts
B．is happy in deserts
C．is impossible in deserts
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Grasshoppers are having to change their song — one of the iconic sounds of summer — to make themselves heard above the noise of road traffic, ecologists have discovered. The study, published in the British Ecological Society's journal Functional Ecology, is the first to show that human-made noise affects natural insect populations. Animals use sound to communicate for many reasons, including marking out territory, warning of predators and finding mates, and although previous research shows birds, whales and even frogs change their calls in noisy environments, the impact of human-made noise on insects has been neglected until now. Ulrike Lampe and colleagues from the University of Bielefeld in Germany caught 188 male bow-winged grasshoppers, half from quiet locations and half from beside busy roads. The grasshoppers use their song to attract mates.
The team then studied the differences in the two groups' songs in the laboratory. To encourage them to sing they exposed the males to a female grasshopper, and then recorded their courtship songs. Analysis of almost 1,000 recordings revealed grasshoppers living beside noisy roads produced different songs to those living in quieter locations.
According to Lampe: "Bow-winged grasshoppers produce songs that include low and high frequency components. We found that grasshoppers from noisy habitats increase the volume of the lower-frequency part of their song, which makes sense since road noise can mask signals in this part of the frequency spectrum(頻譜)."
The team's findings are important because traffic noise could be upsetting the grasshopper's mating system(交配系統(tǒng)). "Increased noise levels could affect grasshopper courtship in several ways. It could prevent females from hearing male courtship songs properly, prevent females from recognizing males of their own species, or impair females' ability to estimate how attractive a male is from his song," Lampe explains.
Having discovered that human-made noise affects insect communication, the researchers now want to learn more about how the mechanism works, and whether the grasshoppers adapt to noise during their development as larvae（幼蟲）, or whether males from noisy habitats produce different songs due to genetic differences.
The bow-winged grasshopper is a common species in Central Europe. Adults occur mainly between July and September, preferring dry grasslands. Around 1.5 cm long, they vary in colour from green and browns to red and purple. The male's song consists of 2 second-long phrases that increase in amplitude (振幅) towards the end. The beginning of a phrase is characterized by slower ticking sounds that increase in speed and amplitude, leading to a buzzing sound towards the end of the phrase. A courtship song usually includes 2 phrases.
【小題1】The author wrote the article to _________________.

A．introduce how grasshoppers make noises to attract mates.
B．raise the awareness of protecting bow-winged grasshoppers.
C．inform us of a recent discovery of ecological research.
D．warn us that human-made noise has changed ecological system.
【小題2】Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage?
A．Bow-winged grasshoppers use their songs to communicate.
B．Grasshoppers change their songs to adapt to the noisy environment.
C．Grasshoppers’ songs include both low and high frequency components.
D．Bow-winged grasshoppers are a common species in Central Europe.
【小題3】What does the underlined word “impair” in the fourth paragraph mean?
A．repair B．develop
C．weaken D．improve
【小題4】Which of the following statements is true according the passage?
A．Road noise can cover the lower-frequency part of their song.
B．Animals make sounds only for the purpose of finding mates.
C．Grasshopper larvae learn to adapt to human-made noise.
D．Bow-winged grasshoppers grow up into adults in spring.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise—and as a result, we are aging unnecessarily soon.
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of aging could be slowed down.
With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.
Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.)
Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty- and seventy-year-olds.
Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age—using the head.  The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.    Matsuzawa’s findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,” he says, “Think hard and engage in conversation. Don’t rely on pocket calculators.”
【小題1】The team of doctors wanted to find out ________.
why certain people age sooner than others  
B. how to make people live longer
C. the size of certain people’s brains       
D. which people are most intelligent
【小題2】On what are their research findings based?
A survey of farmers in northern Japan.       
B. Tests performed on a thousand old people.
C. The study of brain volumes of different people 
D. The latest development of computer technology.
【小題3】The word “subjects” in Paragraph 5 means ________.
something to be considered                 
B. branches of knowledge studied
C. persons chosen to be studied in an experiment  
D. any member of a state except the supreme ruler.
【小題4】According to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others?

A．Lawyers.B．Farmers.
C．Clerks.D．Shop assistants.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

When asked about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get.
For kids, happiness has a magical quality. Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved(毫無掩飾的)．
In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes. Suddenly it's conditional on such things as excitement, love and popularity. I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.
In adulthood the things that bring deep joy—love, marriage, birth—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss.For adults, happiness is complicated(復(fù)雜的)．
My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”．The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are.It's easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, and even good health.
I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday. First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch－box and had the house to myself. Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing, which I love. When the kids and my husband came home, I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.
Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work.I don't think that my grandmother, who raised 14 children, had much of either. She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her.
We, however, with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned happiness into one more thing we've got to have. We're so self－conscious about our “right” to it that it's making us miserable. So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things aren't necessarily happier.
Happiness isn't about what happens to us—it's about how we see what happens to us. It's the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative. It's not wishing for what we don't have, but enjoying what we do possess.
【小題1】As people grow older, they   ________．

A．feel it harder to experience happiness .
B．a(chǎn)ssociate their happiness less with others
C．will take fewer risks in pursuing happiness
D．tend to believe responsibility means happiness
【小題2】What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 5 and 6?
A．She cares little about her own health.
B．She enjoys the freedom of traveling.
C．She is easily pleased by things in daily life.
D．She prefers getting pleasure from housework.
【小題3】What can be inferred from Paragraph 7?
A．Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness.
B．Psychologists' opinion is well proved by Grandma's case.
C．Grandma often found time for social gatherings.
D．Grandma's happiness came from modest expectations of life.
【小題4】People who equal happiness with wealth and success ________．
A．consider pressure something blocking their way
B．stress their right to happiness too much
C．a(chǎn)re at a loss to make correct choices
D．a(chǎn)re more likely to be happy

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly. Sadly, biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid --- we simply weigh too much, and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet, resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.
However, several types of animals can walk on water. One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus, a lizard（蜥蜴）native to Central and South America. It can run across water for a distance of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water’s surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward. For humans to do this, we’ll need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate “hitting.”
But fortunately there is an alternative: cornflour. By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot), you can create a “non-Newtonian” liquid that doesn’t behave like normal water. Now if the surface of the water is hit hard enough, particles（粒子）in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard. Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step, and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.
Fun though all this may sound, it’s still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice. If you must do it, then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink --- and take a shower afterward!
【小題1】Walking on water hasn’t become a reality mainly because humans _______.

A．a(chǎn)re not interested in it
B．have biological limitations
C．have not invented proper tools
D．a(chǎn)re afraid to make an attempt
【小題2】What do we know about Basilicus basilicas from the passage?
A．It is light enough to walk on water.
B．Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.
C．It can run across water at a certain speed
D．Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water
【小題3】What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?
A．To create a thick liquid.
B．To turn the water into solid.
C．To help the liquid behave normally.
D．To enable the water to move rapidly.
【小題4】What is the author’s attitude toward the idea of human’s walking on water?
A．It is risky but beneficial.
B．It is interesting and worth trying
C．It is crazy and cannot become a reality
D．It is impractical; though theoretically possible

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

New findings from Queen’s University biologists show that in the plant world, bigger isn’t necessarily better.
“Until now most of the thinking has suggested that to be a good competitor in the forest, you have to be a big plant,” says Queen’s Biology professor Lonnie Aarssen. “But our research shows it’s virtually the other way around.”
Previous studies showed that larger plant species monopolize(壟斷) sunlight, water and other resources, limiting the number of smaller plant species that can exist around them. But the research has proved that this is not generally the case in natural vegetation.
In the Queen’s project, PhD student Laura Keating targeted the largest “host plants” of 16 woody plant species growing in the Okanogan Valley, British Columbia. The research team calculated the number and variety of plants that neighbored each large host plant. They then randomly selected plots without host plants and calculated the plant species there as well. The research showed that the massive trees have no effect on the number of species with which they coexist.
Smaller plants have many advantages over their overbearing neighbors, Professor Aarssen notes. Larger species generate physical space niches under their shelters where smaller species grow well. Smaller plants are much more effective than large trees at using available resources. They also produce seeds at a much younger age and higher rate than their bigger counterparts, and settle down much more quickly—thuscompeting with the newly-born plants of larger species.
【小題1】 What’s the main idea of the text?

A．Smaller plants may have many advantages over their neighbors.
B．In the plant world, the bigger is better than the smaller one.
C．To be a good competitor in the forest, you have to be a small plant.
D．Queen’s University’s students made a new research.
【小題2】 The underlined word “this” in Para. 3 refers to the view that _____.
A．large and small plants can grow together in harmony
B．larger plant species limit their smaller neighbors’ growth
C．small plant species have their own advantages
D．large and small plant species can never coexist
【小題3】What can we learn according to the text?
A．Larger plant species limit the number of smaller ones around them.
B．Smaller plants can limit the number of plant species around them.
C．Smaller plants produce seeds at a higher rate than their bigger counterparts.
D．Larger trees are more effective than small plants at using available resources.
【小題4】Which is the CORRECT order in the Queen’s project?
a. Randomly selected plots without host plants and-calculated the plant species.
b. Calculated the number and variety of plants that neighbored each large host plant.
c. Selected the largest individuals or "host plants" of 16 woody plant species.
A．a(chǎn), b, cB．c, b, a
C．b, c, aD．a(chǎn), c, b

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