Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors — or doesn’t it?
While such vigilant(警覺的)tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it’s important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.
In many cases, screening can lead to additional biopsies and surgeries to remove cancer, which can cause side effects, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients’ remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups.
It’s hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or prior personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy(預期壽命).
A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening- especially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell our population.
It’s not an easy calculation to make, but one that make sense for the whole patient. Dr. Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves. We need to think about the rational use of health care and stop talking about the rationing of health care.”
That means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better.
【小題1】Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?
| A．It is believed to contribute to long life. |
| B．It is part of their health care package. |
| C．The elderly are more sensitive about their health. |
| D．The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth. |
| A．It adds too much to their medical bills. |
| B．It helps increase their life expectancy. |
| C．They are doubtful about necessity. |
| D．They think it does more than good. |
| A．It applies to women over 50. |
| B．It is a must for adult women. |
| C．It is optional for young women. |
| D．It doesn’t apply to women over 74. |
| A．They want to protect themselves against medical disputes. |
| B．They want to take advantage of the medical care system. |
| C．They want data for medical research. |
| D．They want their patients to suffer less. |
| A．The more, the better. |
| B．Prevention is better than cure. |
| C．Better early than late. |
| D．Better care, longer life. |
【小題1】D
【小題2】C
【小題3】B
【小題4】A
【小題5】A
解析文章大意：文章圍繞年齡大的人應該進行常規(guī)檢查防癌的這中傳統(tǒng)做法的利弊以及最近研究人員的觀點及原因解釋。
【小題1】D 細節(jié)理解題：Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors — or doesn’t it? 隨著年齡增長，我們患癌的風險急劇增加。因此老年人應該進行常規(guī)檢查以防腫瘤是有道理的。
【小題2】C 細節(jié)理解題：While such vigilant(警覺的)tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. 盡管總的來說對癌癥這樣警覺是好事，但研究者們越來越質(zhì)疑對老年人來說，所有這些測試是否必要。
【小題3】B 推理判斷題： But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so ingrained，但是每個人必須檢查防癌的這個想法是如此根深蒂固。
【小題4】A 推理判斷題：Many doctors are ordering these tests purely to cover themselves. 許多醫(yī)生讓進行這么多測試，純粹是為了保護自己。cover,對應選項中的protect, 是遮掩；掩護；保護的意思。
【小題5】A 細節(jié)理解題：going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better. 違背這個被舞蹈的理念：當談到衛(wèi)生保健的時候，越多越好。
考點：考查醫(yī)療保健類閱讀。
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods? One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid accumulation in your body.
Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked and refined foods. When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes (酶) that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances, the result is obesity（肥胖）. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive tract（消化道）, where it becomes increasingly acidic. To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs.
Processed foods contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat. Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens（過敏原） and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells. The body’s metabolism (新陳代謝) becomes inactive, and the result is weight gain and obesity.
The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common.
To stop this vicious circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize（中和）the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. It’s also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself, you need to take an active approach.
【小題1】 It can be inferred from Para. 2 that __________.
| A．foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit |
| B．we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods |
| C．it is essential for people to protect their vital organs |
| D．giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle |
| A．destroy body’s cells | B．may lead to obesity |
| C．a(chǎn)re difficult to digest | D．stop body’s metabolism |
| A．To warn people of the problem of obesity. |
| B．To advocate eating more raw and whole foods. |
| C．To inform people of the harm of processed foods. |
| D．To tell the differences between raw and processed foods. |
| A．Different causes of acid accumulation. |
| B．Correct ways to cook raw foods. |
| C．Suitable types of raw and whole foods. |
| D．Active approaches to avoid acid. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods (天然健康食品) ? One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid (酸) accumulation in your body.
Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked foods. When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes (酶) that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances, the result is overweight. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive system, where it becomes increasingly acidic. To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs.
Processed foods (加工食品) contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat. Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells. The body’s metabolism (新陳代謝) becomes inactive, and the result is weight gain and obesity.
The accumulation of acid in the digestive system makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common.
To stop this vicious circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. It’s also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself, you need to take an active approach. One effective way is to choose raw and whole foods appropriately according to your health conditions and personal preferences.
【小題1】It can be inferred from Para. 2 that __________.
| A．we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods |
| B．foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit |
| C．it is important for people to protect their vital organs |
| D．giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle |
| A．destroy body’s cells | B．harm your stomach |
| C．may lead to obesity | D．stop body’s natural function |
| A．To warn people of the problem of overweight. |
| B．To inform people of the harm of processed foods. |
| C．To advocate eating more raw and whole foods. |
| D．To tell the differences between raw and processed foods. |
| A．Different causes of acid accumulation. |
| B．Correct ways to cook raw foods. |
| C．Active approaches to avoid acid. |
| D．Suitable types of raw and whole foods. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
An allergy is a strong reaction to a substance. Many things can cause allergies. The most common cause is pollen (花粉), which is usually produced by trees in the spring, grasses in the summer and weeds in the fall, as part of their reproductive process.
Other causes include organisms, chemicals, plants and dead skin particles from dogs and cats can also cause allergic reactions. So can insect stings and some food.
The most common kind of allergic reactions is itchy (癢的) , watery eyes and a blocked or watery nose. Allergies can also cause red, itchy skin. Some reactions can be life-threatening, for example, when breathing passages become blocked.
It is not always easy to avoid allergies. Drugs may offer an effective treatment. Another treatment used in some cases is called immunotherapy. A patient is injected with small amounts of the allergy-causing substance. The idea is that larger and larger amounts are given over time until the patient develops resistance in his body.
In the United States, experts estimate that up to 8% of young children have food allergies. Every year these allergies cause about 30,000 cases with severe reactions that require immediate treatment. It can result in breathing trouble and in some cases death. It is said that about 100 to 200 people will die. It is said that most of the reactions are caused by peanuts and tree nuts like walnuts.
People can also be allergic to medicines. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology says about 10％ of bad reactions to commonly used medicines are allergic. In other words, a person’s immune system overreacts and produces an allergic reaction. The most common reactions include skin rashes, itching, breathing problems and swelling in areas such as the face.
【小題1】Allergies seldom occur in winter because ________.
| A．plants don’t usually flower in cold weather |
| B．people usually wear thick clothes |
| C．pollen is active below freezing point |
| D．the weather is too cold for viruses |
| A．It is nothing serious. | B．One’s life is at risk. |
| C．One has to be sent to hospital. | D．One is sure to breathe easily. |
| A．take some medicines to produce antibodies |
| B．have immediate operations |
| C．be given the allergy-causing substance until the patient develops resistance |
| D．be exposed to enough allergy-causing substances |
| A．The ABCs of Allergies | B．The Cause of Allergies |
| C．The Treatment of Allergies | D．The Prevention of Allergies |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Like every other Olympics, the London 2012 Olympics will depend upon thousands of volunteers to help with the smooth running of the event. To show the importance of the role, London 2012 volunteers are to be called ‘Game Makers’. Lord Coe has said recently: “London 2012 is relying on brilliant Game Makers to help us create a great Olympic and Paralympic Games. ”
London 2012 Olympics volunteers will provide the face of London 2012, working behind the scenes and making sure the games are as well organized, efficient and, most importantly, as enjoyable as possible.
Despite the hard-work and often unsociable hours required of volunteers, applications to be considered as a Game Maker were unprecedented（空前的） with all the 70, 000 available positions applied within days. But, for those still interested in helping out during 2012 and being in the middle of the action, there are still a lot of opportunities available.
If you were one of those who missed out on the chance of becoming London 2012 volunteers, you can now apply to be one of the 8, 000 London Ambassadors（大使）. This important role involves greeting fans from all over the world, welcoming them to the fantastic capital city of London and providing a friendly face as well as help, advice and a good old traditional warm British welcome. The view of London most visitors take away with them after the 2012 Olympics will mostly be down to the volunteers and ambassadors, so these roles play a very important part in the process of making the UK a great place to travel to.
Becoming a London Ambassador is a brilliant way to be involved with the London 2012 volunteers scheme and become a part of what should be an historic summer.
【小題1】Why are London 2012 volunteers called “Game Makers”?
| A．They’ll decide whether the London 2012 Olympics are a success. |
| B．They play an important role in the London 2012 Olympics. |
| C．The London 2012 Olympics won’t be organized without them. |
| D．They will work hard and effectively. |
| A．be the responsibility of |
| B．be under the control of |
| C．be in harmony with |
| D．be in charge of |
| A．To appeal to more volunteers. |
| B．To introduce the London 2012 Olympics. |
| C．To show the importance of volunteers. |
| D．To guide how to spend the historic summer. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
A. Health
Health magazine features lots of articles on how to stay fit and feel fantastic. You’ll find healthy yet tasteful recipes (菜譜) that will keep you on track with your diet. The living section will give you ideas for things to do on the weekend or how to add some excitement to your lifestyle.
B. US Weekly
It features the latest news on the hottest celebrities(名人). Filled with photographs and stories, it’s a great magazine for their diets, weddings, divorces and all the events of the week. It keeps you up-to-date with everything that’s happening in Hollywood——the good, the bad and the embarrassing.
C. Rolling Stone
It’s a bi-weekly magazine for music and pop culture trends. In addition, readers can find culture and social comments on present news and events in each issue. Yearly special issues include the music festival preview, the best of rock, fall fashion, and 10 bands to watch.
D. Details
It is an award-winning monthly fashion magazine. It’s for men who are enthusiastic about adventure, style, music, fashion, sports, politics, humor and pop culture. Reviews of the latest books and movies are also included. Every issue has an interview with a celebrity in the news, with insightful questions and interesting answers.
E. Reader’s Digest
It is the world’s most widely-read monthly magazine. Each issue is packed with easy-to-read articles that help people lead better and healthier lives. It contains useful advice, entertainment and inspiration, the latest medical discoveries, how to manage your time and money, plus much more.
F. Life & Style Weekly
This magazine is the first weekly style magazine. It covers the latest happenings in Hollywood. You can find fashion, beauty, lifestyle trends and shopping guides in each issue of the magazine.
請閱讀以下讀者的相關信息，然后把這些讀者與其感興趣的雜志匹配起來。
【小題1】Abraham is a handsome student at Beijing Sport University. Besides sports news, he is concerned about social and political problems in his spare time.
【小題2】Rebecca is a beautiful housewife, but she doesn’t care much about her clothing. Her husband suggests that she learn some shopping skills and the best style tips.
【小題3】Patrick is a fan of stars who is crazy about them. He wants to know all the information about his favorite stars in real life situations like shopping for groceries, walking the dog and so on.
【小題4】Melissa and her boyfriend have just left university for work. They don’t have much money to eat outside every day. They must learn to cook for themselves.
【小題5】Douglas was a teacher at Peking University Heath Science Center. He retired last month and now lives happily with his wife in the countryside. He pays close attention to advances in medical science.
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
You are watching a film in which two men are having a fight. They hit one another hard. At the start they only fight with their fists. But soon they begin hitting one another over the heads with chairs. And so it goes on until one of the men crashes (撞擊) through a wind and falls thirty feet to the ground below. He is dead！Of course he isn't really dead. With any luck he isn't even hurt. Why? Because the men who fall out of high windows or jump from fast moving trains, who crash cars or even catch fire, are professionals. They do this for a living. These men are called stuntmen. That is to say, they perform tricks. There are two sides to their work. They actually do most of the things you see on the screen. For example, they fall from a high building. However, they do not fall on to hard ground but on to empty cardboard boxes covered with a mattress (床墊). Again, when they hit one another with chairs, the chairs are made of soft wood and when they crash through windows, the glass is made of sugar! But although their work depends on trick of this sort, it also requires a high degree of skill and training. Often a stuntman' s success depends on careful timing. For example, when he is "blown up" in a battle scene, he has to jump out of the way of the explosion just at the right moment.
Naturally stuntmen are well paid for their work, but they lead dangerous lives. They often get seriously injured, and sometimes killed. A Norwegian stuntman, for example, skied over the edge of a cliff (懸崖) a thousand feet high. His parachute (降落傘) failed to open, and he was killed. In spite of all the risks, this is no longer a profession for men only. Men no longer dress up as women when actresses have to perform some dangerous action. For nowadays there are stuntgirls too.
【小題1】Stuntmen are those who ______.
| A．often dress up as actors |
| B．prefer to lead dangerous lives |
| C．often perform seemingly dangerous actions |
| D．often fight each other for their lives |
| A．playing their dirty tricks |
| B．selling their special skills |
| C．jumping out of high windows |
| D．jumping from fast moving trains |
| A．Strength. | B．Exactness. |
| C．Speed. | D．Carefulness. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
In the Caucasus region of Russia, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100th birthday, and many don’t stop at 100! By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100,000 reach 100. But these Russian old people aren’t alone. The Pakistanis, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Ecuadorans of the Andes Mountains seem to share the secret of long life, too.
These people remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time. While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Caucasians aged 100 to 140, work in the fields beside their great-great-grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked “at what age does youth end?”most of these old people had no answer. Several replied, “Well, perhaps at age 80.”
What accounts for this ability to survive to such old age, and to survive so well？First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived people. They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. For example, Mr . Rustam Mamedov is 142 years of age. His wife is 116 years old. They have been married for 90 years. Mr. Mamedov has no intention of retiring from his life as a farmer. “Why？What else would I do？”he asks. All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. They live and work at elevations of 1,660 to 1,000 meters above sea level. The air has less oxygen and is pollution-free. This reduced-oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel(血管) system stronger.
Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great extent, they are separated from the pressures and worries of industrial society. Inherited factors also play some role. Most of the longest-lived people had parents and grandparents who also reached very old ages. Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer.
【小題1】The example of Mr. and Mrs. Mamedov implies that some Caucasians aged 100 to 140 ____.
| A．become weak and hopeless |
| B．a(chǎn)re too old to work in the fields |
| C．benefit from physical work |
| D．a(chǎn)re still working in the fields |
| A．Retiring from their lives as farmers. |
| B．Having been married for 90 years. |
| C．Hard physical work. |
| D．Having no intentions. |
| A．Clean mountain air. | B．Daily hard work. |
| C．Good genes | D．Stress and pressure. |
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