Question

People with disabilities make up a large part of the population. It is estimated（估計） that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are “developmental", i.e., they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious", i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces.

Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.

In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements（違反, 侵犯）of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes.

Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.

Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.

Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society.

1.A “developmental" disability ______.

A．develops very slowly over time	B．occurs in youth and affects development
C．is caused by forces	D．is getting more and more severe

2.Most disabled people used to die early because ______.

A．disabilities destroyed major bodily functions

B．medical techniques were not available

C．they were not very well looked after

D．they were too poor to get proper treatment

3.In the author's opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society, ____.

A．more laws should be passed	B．more public facilities should be set up
C．government should provide more aids	D．public attitudes should be changed

4.Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?

A．Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life.

B．Discriminatory（帶歧視性的）laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others.

C．The public tends to look down upon the disabled people.

D．The disabled people feel inferior to（低于）those surrounding them.

5.The best title for this passage might be ______.   

A．Handicaps（障礙）of People with Disabilities

B．The physical difficulties of the Disabled

C．The Causes for Disabilities

D．Medical Treatments for Disabilities

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.B

2.B

3.D

4.B

5.A

【解析】

試題分析：文章介紹了殘疾人的種類，遭遇到的種種不公，和如何解決這樣的社會問題。

1.猜詞題：從第一段的句子：they occur before the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development,可知這種殘疾是年輕時得的影響發(fā)展的殘疾。選B

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“．．．only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long．Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable”，可判斷B．medical techniques were not available為最佳答案。C雖然也是原因，但不如B更直接，故排除；A和D文中均未提及。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題：從最后一段的句子：Only when public attitudes advance as far as laws have will disabled people be fully able to take their rightful place in society.可知只有公共的態(tài)度改變殘疾人才會有真正的地位。選D

4.排除題：從文章第四段的內(nèi)容可以推理出A、C、D幾項的意思，沒有B項。

5.主旨題：文章主要講解了殘疾人遇到的障礙。選A

考點：考查社會現(xiàn)象類短文

點評：信息篩選類短文，可以先審題，再閱讀短文，根據(jù)題目的要求，來選擇這樣就會有的放矢，閱讀更有效率。