Dreams can be familiar and strange, fantastical or boring, but some dreams might be connected to the mental processes that help us learn. In a recent study, scientists found a connection between nap-time dreams and better memory in people who were learning a new skill.
In the study,99 college students between the ages of 18 and 30 each spent an hour on a compute, trying to get through a virtual maze（迷宮）.The maze was different place each time they tired—making it even more difficult. They were also told to find a particular picture of a tree and remember where it was.
For the first 90 minutes of a five-hour break, half of the participants stayed awake and an half were told to take a short nap .Participants who stayed awake were asked to describe their thoughts. Participants who took a nap were asked about their dreams before sleep and after sleep—and they were awakened within a minute of sleep to describe their dreams.
Stickgold, a neuroscientist（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家）,wanted to know what people were dreaming about when their eyes weren＇t moving during sleep.
Four of the 50 people who slept said their dreams were connected to the maze. Some dreamed about the music that had been playing when they were working ; others said they dreamed about seeing people in the maze. When these four people tried the computer maze again, they were able to find the tree faster than before their naps.
Stickgold suggests the dream itself doesn‘t help a person learn—it＇s the other way around.He suspects that the dream was caused by the brain processes associated with learning.
All four of the people who dreamed about the task had done poorly the first time, which makes Stickgold wonder if the dreams show up when a person finds a new task particularly difficult. People who had other dreams, or people who didn＇t take a nap, didn＇t show the same improvement.
【小題1】Before having a short nap, participants of the experiment were asked to .
| A．stay in a different place in the maze |
| B．design a virtual maze which is difficult to get through |
| C．experience the experiment and try to remember something |
| D．get through a virtual maze on a computer from the same place |
| A．Participants who took a nap were required to express their thoughts. |
| B．Some dreams may encourage people to invent something new. |
| C．Participants who dreamed about films could finish the task more easily. |
| D．Participants whose dreams had something to do with the maze could find the tree faster. |
| A．every person may dream about what they learned |
| B．people＇s brain processes may still be connected with their learning in their dreams |
| C．once people＇s eyes stop moving, they are sure to dream about something |
| D．no matter how fantastical or boring, dreams are connected with people＇s life |
| A．Dreams Are Strange | B．Not All Dreams Are True |
| C．Dreaming Makes Perfect | D．Stickgold, a Dream Expert |
【小題1】C
【小題2】D
【小題3】B
【小題4】C
解析試題分析：這是一項(xiàng)調(diào)查研究，目的是分析做夢(mèng)和學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)系，結(jié)果說明學(xué)習(xí)成果與人們做夢(mèng)的內(nèi)容有關(guān)。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)題：較易，題目問：在小睡前，參與調(diào)查的人被要求做什么，根據(jù)文章第二段的句子：In the study,99 college students between the ages of 18 and 30 each spent an hour on a computer, trying to get through a virtual maze（迷宮）參與調(diào)查的人被要求做什么，體驗(yàn)這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，盡量記住一些事情。所以選C。A項(xiàng)說讓這些人呆在迷宮的不同地方，而實(shí)際上這是一個(gè)虛擬迷宮。B項(xiàng)意思是讓他們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)很難通過的迷宮。而文中介紹他們是參與調(diào)查不是設(shè)計(jì)迷宮的，D項(xiàng)是從同一個(gè)地方通過迷宮，這和第二段的句子：The maze was different place each time they tired是不符合的。
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)題：較易，題目問：從文章中可以了解到什么？根據(jù)文章第五段的句子：When these four people tried the computer maze again, they were able to find the tree faster than before their naps.可知夢(mèng)和迷宮有關(guān)的人會(huì)更快找到樹，所以選D。A項(xiàng)是參與者被要求表達(dá)他們的想法，而文章中介紹這些人小睡后，是被要求找迷宮里面的樹，BC項(xiàng)文章中都沒有出現(xiàn)。
【小題3】細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)Stickgold,定位到第六段的句子：He suspects that the dream was caused by the brain processes associated with learning.可以知道人們的大腦過程還和夢(mèng)里面的學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)。選B。A項(xiàng)是每個(gè)人都會(huì)做到和學(xué)習(xí)的東西有關(guān)的事情，文章提到是四個(gè)人做到和迷宮有關(guān)的事情，C項(xiàng)是：一旦人們的眼睛不動(dòng)了，他們一定在夢(mèng)到什么，這和第四段的句子：Stickgold, a neuroscientist（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家）,wanted to know what people were dreaming about when their eyes weren＇t moving during sleep.不符，D項(xiàng)是.無論是空想的還是令人厭煩的，夢(mèng)都和人的生活有聯(lián)系，這不是Stickgold,的觀點(diǎn)。
【小題4】主旨題：結(jié)合全文的內(nèi)容和第一段的主題句：In a recent study, scientists found a connection between nap-time (午睡時(shí)間) dreams and better memory in people who were learning a new skill.可知這篇文章講的是做夢(mèng)可以提高人們的記憶力，Dreaming Makes Perfect是最合適的標(biāo)題，而A項(xiàng)是夢(mèng)是奇怪的，B項(xiàng)是不是所有的夢(mèng)都是真實(shí)的，都和文章沒有關(guān)聯(lián)，而D項(xiàng)：Stickgold一個(gè)做夢(mèng)的專家，太片面。
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.
Let's take a man we'll call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn't make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows(犁), or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.
Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.
How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.
Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.
A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people's attention.
A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today's world.
【小題1】What probably led to the start of advertising?
| A．The discovery of iron. |
| B．The specialization of labor. |
| C．The appearance of new jobs. |
| D．The development of farming techniques. |
| A．praised his plows in public |
| B．placed a sign outside the shop |
| C．hung an arrow pointing to the shop |
| D．showed his products to the customers |
| A．explain the origin of advertising |
| B．predict the future of advertising |
| C．expose problems in advertising |
| D．provide suggestions for advertising |
| A．owned a ship |
| B．had the loudest voice |
| C．ran a shop selling goods to farmers |
| D．functioned like today's TV or radio commercial |
| A．the history of advertising |
| B．the benefits of advertising |
| C．the early forms of advertising |
| D．the basic design of advertising |
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The researchers noted that some people will choose shoe styles to mask their actual personalities，but researchers noted that volunteers were also likely to be unaware that their footwear choices were showing the deep side of their personalities．
【小題1】What does this text mainly tell us?
| A．People’s personalities call be judged by their shoes． |
| B．Shoes convey false information about the wearer． |
| C．People know little about their personalities． |
| D．Shoes Call hide people’s real personalities． |
| A．look at pictures of different shoes |
| B．provide pictures of their shoes |
| C．hand in their commonly worn shoes |
| D．design a personality questionnaire |
| A．Pleasant people like wearing uncomfortable shoes． |
| B．Wealthy people often wear expensive shoes． |
| C．Flahshier shoes are typically worn by outgoing people． |
| D．Aggressive people are likely to weal"ankle boots． |
| A．become a political leader |
| B．have a calm character |
| C．worry about their appearance |
| D．wear strange shoes |
| A．teach how to choose shoes |
| B．describe different personalities |
| C．inform us of a new study |
| D．introduce a research method |
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The weather is getting hotter. You are thirsty（口渴的） playing basketball or riding home from school. A cold drink may be just the thing. But be careful what you are drinking. Something that looks cool may not be good for your health. There are plenty of “energy drinks” on the market. Most of them have beautiful colors and cool names. The lists on them tell you they are helpful to your health. Sounds great!
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【小題1】Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? ______
| A．What’s the Use of Energy Drinks? |
| B．Who Can Drink Energy Drinks? |
| C．What’s that in Energy Drinks? |
| D．Why Can’t We Buy Energy Drinks? |
| A．disliked | B．helped | C．stopped | D．encouraged |
| A．energy drinks are especially aimed at teenagers |
| B．energy drinks are helpful to teenagers’ study |
| C．sports players need to drink a lot of energy drinks |
| D．a(chǎn)dvertisements are important in getting people to buy energy drinks |
| A．they have beautiful colors and cool names |
| B．they have lots of caffeine |
| C．they can keep them awake and better at sports |
| D．they are said to be helpful to health |
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Hello! My name is Lisa, and I am a lioness. I live on the open grasslands of Africa with my family. Lions living in a group are called a pride.
My father is strong and powerful. He and his cousin are the leaders of our pride. The other members are my mother, her sisters, and their children.
The area where a pride lives is big! We roar (咆哮) to tell each other where we are and to warn strangers to stay away.
Come to meet my new baby brother. His name is Leon. See the spots on his fur? We lions are born spotted or striped (有條紋的). As we grow older, the spots gradually disappear.
Lionesses usually spend their entire lives with their birth pride, but Leon will leave when he is about three years old. He’ll run around with a male (雄性的) friend or relative for a few years until they take over a pride of their own.
But for now, we have lots of fun together. We often play and fight for hours, which can help us practice skills that we will need for hunting.
We lions keep ourselves very clean. Just like a house cat, I clean my fur with my tongue. We clean for each other, too, to show we’re friends.
Lions like to sleep for most of the day. We hunt in the cool evening. Female (雌性的) lions hunt more often than male lions. We work together as a team. At the right moment, we attack and kill our prey. Then we share it. Male lions usually eat first. Females eat next. Baby lions are the last to eat. The smallest one gets the least food.
Since we are full, it’s time to go to find a nice place for a sleep. Bye!
【小題1】From the text, we can learn that Lisa comes from______.
| A．Asia | B．Africa | C．Europe | D．America |
| A．the animal that is hunted |
| B．the animal that is dangerous |
| C．the animal that is powerful |
| D．the animal that is ill |
| A．Lions sometimes clean their fur for each other. |
| B．Lions also develop their skills of hunting by having fun. |
| C．Lions usually hunt for food in the evening. |
| D．Baby lions are often the first to get food in their group. |
| A．doctors | B．political leaders | C．children | D．hunters |
| A．hunts more often than his sisters |
| B．will have spots on his fur for the whole of his life |
| C．will leave his birth pride when he is about three |
| D．will take over his birth pride when his father dies |
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You might not know it, but there is something wonderful at your fingertips. You can make people happier, healthier and more hard-working just by touching their arms or holding their hands.
Doctors say that body contact is a kind of medicine that can work wonders. When people are touched, the quantity of hemoglobin (血紅蛋白)－a type of matter that produces the red color in blood increases greatly. This results in more oxygen reaching every part of the body and the whole body benefits. In experiments, bottle-fed baby monkeys were separated from their mothers for the first ten days of life. They became sad and negative. Studies showed the monkeys were more probable to become ill than other babies that were allowed to stay with their mothers.
Human babies react in much the same way. Some years ago, a scientist noticed that some well-fed babies in a clean nursery became weak. Yet babies in another nursery were growing healthily, even though they ate less well and were not kept as clean. The reason, he concluded, was that they often had touches from nurses.
Experiments show that most people like being touched. And nearly all doctors believe touch helps to reduce patients' fear of treatment. Of course there is time when a touch is not welcome. But even if we don't like being touched, a smile can make us feel better. Smiling increases blood flow and starts the production of "happy brain" chemicals. So let's have a big smile and don't forget to keep in touch.
【小題1】Which of the following is NOT true?
| A．Everyone knows that body contact can make people happier. |
| B．People may work harder because of body contact. |
| C．Your fingertips can do something. |
| D．People may not understand the importance of touching. |
| A．human brains need oxygen and blood supply now and then |
| B．touches from doctors and nurses have nothing to do with treatment |
| C．new-born baby monkeys should stay away from their mothers |
| D．not all the people like being touched |
| A．to be useful or helpful |
| B．to get something useful or helpful |
| C．to be ill |
| D．to be hurt |
| A．Why People Touch | B．Smile and Touch |
| C．Wonders of Touch | D．Touch or Not |
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Some people have travelled to Canada while others may have just heard of it . As is known to all, the Canadian red and white maple leaf flag is officially called The National Flag of Canada. The Canadian flag shows a stylized red maple leaf with 11 points on a white background, with red borders down each side. The Canadian flag is twice as long as its width. The white square containing the red maple leaf is the same width as the flag. Canada is a very large country, too. It is the second largest country in the world.By contrast, it has a very small population. There are only about 29 millinon people there. Most Canadians are of British or French origin, and French is an official language as well English. About 45 % of the people are of British origin, that is, they or their parents or grandparents, etc, come from Britain. Nearly 30 % are of French origin. Most of the French-Canadians live in the province of quebec. Over the years people have come to live in Canada from many countries in the world. They are mostly from European countries and also from China, as well as other Asian countries.
However , Canada was not an empty country when the Europeans began to arrive. Canadian-Indian lived along the coast, bythe rivers and lakes and in forests. Today there are only 350,000 Canadian-Indians in the whole country, with their own language. In the far north live the Inuits. There are only 27, 000 Canadian-Inuits. Their life is hard in such a harsh climate.
【小題1】What is the populatin of Quebec?
| A．More than 29, 000.000 |
| B．About 30% of the total population. |
| C．Over 45% of th etotal population |
| D．Less than 30% of the French-Canadians. |
| A．The Canadian flag I stwice as wide as its length. |
| B．Most Indians are now forced to live along the coast. |
| C．Nowadays Inuit still have difficult living conditions. |
| D．Nobody existed when the Europeans began to arrive in Canada. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Will online courses transform world of education?
Some may wonder what it feels like to attend a class at Stanford University. The recently popular MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) can satisfy this desire. But they are also most likely to change the situation of higher education. Only last month，both Peking University and Tsinghua University announced plans to start open online course on the edX platform，one of the world’s major providers of MOOCs，to explore this new form of online education.
Gaining momentum(勢頭)
“It’s not only a change of platforms from offline to online. It’s more about a reform of
teaching methods，even the whole education system，”said Chen Jining，president of Tsinghua University.
The potential of MOOCs to reform education has been obvious in the US ever since the immediate popularity of the course Artificial Intelligence，taught by Stanford University professor Sebastian Thrun, who later co-founded Udacity, a platform with 1.6 million enrolled(注冊(cè)) students in 200 countries. According to Nature magazine，by June 2013，74 percent of universities in the US offered some type of online course. Lu Fang, vice-president of Fudan University，explains the appeal of MOOCs as a simple case of supply and demand：“The demand for high quality educational resources from both enrolled students and professionals is feeding the rise of MOOCs，in which classes usually taught by top teachers are available to everyone，”said Lu.
Too early to replace
With easy access and free of charge, MOOCs are said to have the potential to change the present education system. But there are barriers，because hardly any universities offer degree certificates, as college administrators point out, it’s difficult to confirm if students are foaming anything in MOOCs，reposed USA Today．
The Wall Street Journal also reposed that，presently，a typical MOOC student is likely to have
already graduated from college and is using the course to explore an interest or acquire professional
skills. Even so, an increasing number of undergraduates are signing up.
“What we are really establishing(創(chuàng)建)are educational pathways for people who want skills that are related to contemporary jobs，”Thrun told The Wall Street Journal．
【小題1】MOOCs have been considered likely to reform education since___________．
| A．the founding of Udacity |
| B．the wide application of online education |
| C．the popularity of the course Artificial Intelligence |
| D．the opening of MOOCs on the edX platform in China |
| A．high quality educational resources are in demand |
| B．students can attend courses in famous universities |
| C．college students have access to famous teachers |
| D．MOOCs have brought about revolution in education |
| A．Most of the MOOCs focus on professional training for college graduates． |
| B．There are barriers for MOOCs to replace the present education system． |
| C．International companies prefer applicants who graduate from MOOCs． |
| D．More and more undergraduates have realized the limits of MOOCs． |
| A．doubtful | B．negative | C．critical | D．optimistic |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
How far would you be willing to go to satisfy your need to know？Far enough to find out your possibility of dying from a terrible disease？These days that’s more than an academic question，as Tracy Smith reports in our Cover Story.
There are now more than a thousand genetic(基因的) tests，for everything from baldness to breast cancer，and the list is growing.Question is，do you really want to know what might eventually kill you？For instance，Nobel Prizewinning scientist James Watson，one of the first people to map their entire genetic makeup，is said to have asked not to be told if he were at a higher risk for Alzheimer’s(老年癡呆癥)．
“If I tell you that you have an increased risk of getting a terrible disease，that could weigh on your mind and make you anxious，through which you see the rest of your life as you wait for that disease to hit you.It could really mess you up.” said Dr.Robert Green，a Harvard geneticist.
“Every ache and pain，” Smith suggested，could be understood as “the beginning of the end.”“That’s right.If you ever worried you were at risk for Alzheimer’s disease，then every time you can’t find your car in the parking lot，you think the disease has started.”
Dr.Green has been thinking about this issue for years.He led a study of people who wanted to know if they were at a higher genetic risk for Alzheimer’s.It was thought that people who got bad news would，for lack of a better medical term，freak_out.But Green and his team found that there was “no significant difference” between how people handled good news and possibly the worst news of their lives.In fact，most people think they can handle it.People who ask for the information usually can handle the information，good or bad，said Green.
【小題1】The first paragraph is meant to________.
| A．a(chǎn)sk some questions |
| B．introduce the topic |
| C．satisfy readers’ curiosity |
| D．describe an academic fact |
| A．He is strongly in favor of the present genetic tests. |
| B．He is more likely to suffer from Alzheimer’s disease. |
| C．He believes genetic mapping can help cure any disease. |
| D．He doesn’t want to know his chance of getting a disease. |
| A．a(chǎn)dvisable not to let him know |
| B．impossible to hide his disease |
| C．better to inform him immediately |
| D．necessary to remove his anxiety |
| A．break down | B．drop out |
| C．leave off | D．turn away |
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