Human needs seem endless. When a hungry man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat; when a manager gets a new sports car, a big house and pleasure boats dance into view.

The many needs of mankind might be made up of several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears.

The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World WarⅡ, these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.

By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the “l(fā)ife-enriching” level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feed in comfort, safety, and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of which could be called “l(fā)uxury” items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest fashions.

On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of needs as their income increases, or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?

A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

1．Man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when he has          .

A．saved up enough money

B．grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter

C．satisfied his need of food

D．learned to build houses

2．It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of World War II, most Americans        .

A．were very confident                             B．lived in poverty

C．had their new houses                           D．did not own automobiles

3．Which of the following is NOT related to “physical satisfaction”?

A．Watching a football match.                B． A comfortable home.

C．A good meal.                                D．A family car.

4．What is the people’s main concern on the fourth level?

A．More goods.                                      B．More mental satisfaction.

C．Community action.                             D．More earnings.

5．The author tends to think that the fifth level         .

A．would be easier to attain than the fourth level

B．would be more concerned with social services

C．would lose interest in “physical satisfaction”

D．would be attainable before the government takes actions

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科目：高中英語 來源：人教版新課標 2009-2010學年度高一下學期單元測試（3） 題型：閱讀理解


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B．you only want the approval
C．you need the approval of everyone for every act
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B．You have decided to change yourself worth in order to get the approval.
C．You have decided to show yourself worth to others and allow them to make a judgment.
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B．Both the want and need for approval are unhealthy.
C．The need for the approval is a destructive feeling and people must get rid of it.
D．Since everyone enjoys praise and compliment, approval-seeking is a natural human need.

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Experts debunk Maya doomsday（末日） predictions -- But that hasn't stopped books, movies from cashing in.

If the ancient Maya and filmmaker Roland Emmerich are correct, the apocalypse（大災變） will happen very fast, maybe quicker than his new 2½-hour movie.

Predictions of global ruination are rippling around the globe with seismic（地震的） force, all loosely based on a 5,000-year Maya calendar that ends Dec. 21, 2012. Countless Web sites and blogs anticipate(預料) the end of days, as do various New Age groups and would-be prophets(預言者) offering guidance and how-to tips. On Amazon.com , you can read hundreds of book titles combining the year 2012 with terms such as “apocalypse,” “catastrophe” and “end of the world.”

As always, doomsday sells — and a lot of people are buying it.

“There's the psychobabble(心理囈語) aspect,” said Robert Epstein, former editor of Psychology Today magazine and a lecturer at the University of California San Diego. “It's the Sigmund Freud/death wish idea: People glom onto（對…感興趣） doomsday predictions because there's some small part of them that wants to die, and die spectacularly（壯觀的）. I don't believe it, but it's one way to look at this.”

It's Emmerich's way. The German director specializes in wreaking havoc on an epic scale, from climatic cataclysm in 2004's “The Day After Tomorrow” to angry aliens and reptiles in “Independence Day” and “Godzilla.”  In “2012,” he finishes the job.

The digitized disasters of “2012” are oversized, overwrought and sometimes literally over the top, as when a humongous tsunami washes over the Himalayan mountains, whose average height exceeds 20,000 feet. Meanwhile in Los Angeles, a 10.5-magnitude earthquake — a temblor at least 30 times more powerful than any real quake ever recorded — yanks the city apart like a giant zipper, sending chunks sliding into the Pacific Ocean.

That's not physically possible, of course. Nor is a 10.5-magnitude quake, said Thomas Rockwell, a geologist at San Diego State University. To generate that much energy, “you'd need a rupture that extends all around the planet.”

All of that other stuff “is pure Hollywood bunk,” said Bernard Jackson at the UCSD Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences.

Entertaining, though, unless you happen to believe the Maya really predicted the end of the world. They didn't, said Geoff Braswell, a UCSD anthropologist. The long-count calendar doesn't signal the end of anything except the end of that particular calendar. “It's just like a car odometer. Unfortunately, hardly anybody reads ancient Mayan. Modern media hype（騙局）, on the other hand, is almost inescapable.

Nicholas Christenfeld, a professor of psychology at UCSD, suggests a more elemental human need. Being swallowed by the Earth or incinerated in a giant fireball “fits neatly with the idea that people want to believe there's a plan, that existence isn't random and pointless,” Christenfeld said.

“We all missed creation, but if we can bear witness at the other end, be part of some grand cosmic destruction, that gives life meaning,” he said. 

It helps, too, not to think very hard about the facts, said Lou Manza, a professor of psychology at Lebanon Valley College in Annville, Pa. “These claims have been around forever, and they have all been false, 100 percent wrong,” Manza said.

Of course, prognosticators（預言者, 占卜者） usually have an explanation for that, Christenfeld said.

“They might say it was a misinterpretation,” he said. “They got the date wrong. They might claim humanity acted in time to prevent the destruction. Or faith came to the rescue because people believed something bad was going to happen, it didn't have to happen.”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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     1.    

With the invention of the Internet several decades ago, do you feel that since then it has made us human beings feel more connected to the world and one another, or has it isolated（使孤立）us and made us feel more alone than ever before?

What about you as an individual?

●  2.The Internet enables us to know what’s happening in the world. We couldn't imagine talking to people everywhere in the world twenty years ago.

●3. It unites us because we talk to others from all around our country and tha world, but the Internet can be addicting, and keep us away from people for a while, There is an inherent (內(nèi)在的) human need for direct human contact (e.g. touching, talking face to face, etc.) that the Internet has all taken away.

●  4. It has given me freedom beyond my imagination. I’m home-bound with many duties to attend to. My life is a bit too crowded. Duties duties duties. I get lost many times not knowing who I really am！This medium is my best friend. It just lets me BE！I can speak here without fear or favour.

●  5. Chatting online is completely different from hanging out with friends outside or hearing their voice over the phone．I find that it’s not just the Internet that has increased this sense of isolation，even iPods，MP3s，such devices kind of separate us，make us lose focus on the everyday happenings of life．

A．I think that the Internet isolates as well as unites us.

B．I believe it unites us more than it isolates us.

C．Do you feel that the Internet unites us or isolates us?

D．What is happening in the world today?

E. The Internet is playing a more and more important role.

F. I think it has isolated us more.

G. I am truly grateful for this new technology.

 

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