Question

Eating foods high in trans-fats(fats present in artificial form in industrially-produced cakes and fast food...) and saturated (飽和的) fats increases the risk of depression, according to a Spanish study, confirming previous studies that linked “junk food” with the disease. Researchers also showed that some products, such as olive oil, can fight against the risk of mental illness.

Authors of the wide-reaching study, from the universities of Navarra and Las Palmas, followed and analyzed the diet and lifestyle of over l2,000 volunteers over six years. When the study began, none of the participants had been diagnosed with depression; by the end, 657 of them were new sufferers.

“Participants with an increased consumption of trans-fats presented up to a 48 percent increase in the risk of depression when they were compared to participants who did not consume these fats,” the head study author said. “The more trans-fats were consumed, the greater harmful effect they produced in the volunteers.”

The research team found, at the same time, that after assessing the effect of polyunsaturated fats made up of larger amounts of fish and vegetable oils and olive oil, these products are associated with a lower risk of suffering depression.

The report, published in the online journal PLOS ONE, noted the research was performed on a European population that enjoys a relatively low intake of trans-fats—making up only 0.4 percent of the total energy taken in by the volunteers. “Despite this, we observed an increase in the risk of suffering depression of nearly 50 percent,” said researcher Miguel Martinez. “On this basis we think it of great importance to take this effect into account in countries like the United States, where the percentage of energy derived from these fats is around 2.5 percent.”

The report pointed out that the current number of depression sufferers in the world is around l50 million people, and has increased in recent years. This rise is attributable, according to the authors, “to great changes in the sources of fats consumed in Western diets, where we have replaced certain types of beneficial fats in nuts, vegetable oils and fish with the saturated and trans-fats found in meats, butter and other products such as mass-produced cakes and fast food.”

1.What's the best title of the text?

A．Junk Food and Depression                B．Depression Prevention

C．Types of Fats and Depression               D．Depression Research

2.Which of the following increases the risk of suffering depression?

A．Fish.             B．Vegetable oil.       C．Olive oil.          D．Butter.

3.The study tells us that         .

A．2.5% Americans suffer mental illness

B．l2,000 volunteers in Navarra took part

C．a(chǎn) minority of participants became new sufferers

D．l50 million Europeans enjoy a healthier lifestyle

4.The underlined word “derived” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to         .

A．obtained          B．chosen           C．separated         D．preserved

5.More and more Westerners are suffering depression because         .

A．they have less time for exercise

B．they eat more nuts, vegetable oils and fish

C．the sources of fats in their diets have changed

D．less meat, butter, and cakes are included in their diets

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.A

2.D

3.C

4.A

5.C

【解析】

試題分析：本文敘述了人們吃垃圾食品（含有反式脂肪）與疾病的關(guān)系，文中介紹了通過(guò)調(diào)查研究及多次實(shí)驗(yàn)后，發(fā)現(xiàn)人們吃了含有這種脂肪的人患抑郁病的可能性很大，人們吃植物油、堅(jiān)果和魚(yú)等能降低患抑郁病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

1.這是標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)confirming previous studies that linked “junk food” with the disease. 故選A。

2.這是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)trans-fats found in meats, butter and other products such as mass-produced cakes and fast food.故選D。

3.這是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)When the study began, none of the participants had been diagnosed with depression; by the end, 657 of them were new sufferers.故選C。

4.這是詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)from these fats is around 2.5 percent.從這些脂肪含能量的百分比是2.5 percent.故選 A。

5.這是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)to great changes in the sources of fats consumed in Western diets,故選C。

考點(diǎn)：這是健康保健類(lèi)閱讀。

點(diǎn)評(píng)：文章標(biāo)題是文章的點(diǎn)睛之筆。標(biāo)題歸納題在英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題中屬深層理解題，它要求考生在通讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，準(zhǔn)確把握文章大意及作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，標(biāo)題應(yīng)該具有概括性、針對(duì)性、簡(jiǎn)潔性三個(gè)突出特點(diǎn)。其中概括性，是指標(biāo)題應(yīng)最大程度地覆蓋全文，囊括文章的主要內(nèi)容，體現(xiàn)文章的主題；針對(duì)性，是指標(biāo)題的含義要直接指向文章的主要特點(diǎn)；而簡(jiǎn)潔性，則是指標(biāo)題應(yīng)言簡(jiǎn)意賅，能吸引讀者的注意力，并喚起讀者對(duì)文章的閱讀興趣等。