Question

【題目】 For two centuries, the famous University of Cambridge debating society has hosted many prominent figures, from world leaders to scientists to comedians.

On Nov 21, the Cambridge Union hosted its first-ever non-human guest. Designed by IBM, Project Debater is a machine that uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) to form a spoken argument. It can even listen and answer to opposing statements, much like a real person.

Speaking with a voice similar to Siri, Project Debater uses AI to search journals, newspapers and other information sources. It then filters out(過濾) useless information, picks the strongest arguments, and arranges them into a persuasive argument.

“In the Cambridge test debate, it argued the topic: AI will ultimately do more harm than good. According to IBM, it is the first machine that can debate complicated topics with humans.

Before the debate, more than 1,100 arguments for the positives and negatives of AI were submitted to the IBM website. The machine then analyzed these sources and formed the basis of its arguments in minutes. Project Debater then showed off its AI by arguing for both sides of the debate.

Over a four-minute speech, it argued first that, “AI can only make decisions that it has been programmed to solve, while humans can be programmed for all plots, possible events.”

In support of AI, it then argued that AI would create new jobs and “bring a lot more efficiency” to the workplace.

This isn’t the first test for Project Debater. In June 2018, the machine went back-and-forth for 20 minutes against champion debater Harish Natarajan.

According to New Scientist, on both occasions, Project Debater repeated points and didn’t always sufficiently support them.

Speaking to Cambridge Independent, Noam Slonim, the project’s lead engineer, said, “The AI is not perfect, but it’s going in the right direction.” The team hopes to improve the AI by researching why humans find certain arguments more persuasive than others.

【1】In which way does Project Debater behave like a real person?

A.It can listen and answer to opposing statements.

B.It can speak with a voice similar to Siri.

C.It can create various useful sources.

D.It can deal with any situation.

【2】What were prepared for the machine before the Cambridge test debate?

A.Analyzed sources.

B.Useless messages.

C.Materials for arguments.

D.Items about human debaters.

【3】We can infer from the text that _________.

A.AI did better than humans in arguments

B.the machine had rich ideas to support its points

C.the machine beat Harish Natarajan in the first test

D.AI needs more persuasive arguments in debates

【4】What is Noam Slonim’s attitude to the AI ?

A.Supportive.B.Unconfident.

C.Negative.D.Indifferent.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。兩個(gè)世紀(jì)以來，著名的劍橋大學(xué)辯論協(xié)會接待了許多杰出人物， 11月21日，劍橋聯(lián)合會迎來了有史以來第一位非人類嘉賓——Project Debater。據(jù)IBM稱，這是第一臺可以與人類辯論復(fù)雜話題的機(jī)器。文章還說明了它在此處辯論中的表現(xiàn)，以及人們對此的看法。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中It can even listen and answer to opposing statements, much like a real person.可知它甚至可以傾聽和回答相反的陳述，很像一個(gè)真人。由此可知，Project Debater可以傾聽和回答相反的陳述，因此表現(xiàn)得像一個(gè)真實(shí)的人。故選A。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中Before the debate, more than 1,100 arguments for the positives and negatives of AI were submitted to the IBM website.可知在這場辯論之前，超過1100個(gè)關(guān)于人工智能利弊的論點(diǎn)被提交到IBM的網(wǎng)站上。由此可知，在劍橋測試辯論之前，人們?yōu)檫@臺機(jī)器準(zhǔn)備了辯論材料。故選C。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一句The team hopes to improve the AI by researching why humans find certain arguments more persuasive than others.可知研究小組希望通過研究為什么人類發(fā)現(xiàn)某些論據(jù)比其他論據(jù)更有說服力，來提高人工智能。由此可推知，人工智能在辯論中需要更有說服力的論據(jù)。故選D。

【4】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Speaking to Cambridge Independent, Noam Slonim, the project’s lead engineer, said, “The AI is not perfect, but it’s going in the right direction.”可知該項(xiàng)目的首席工程師Noam Slonim在接受《劍橋獨(dú)立報(bào)》采訪時(shí)表示:“人工智能并不完美，但它正朝著正確的方向前進(jìn)。”由此可推知，Noam Slonim對于人工智能的態(tài)度是支持的。故選A。

態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)及感受類推理判斷題。高考閱讀理解題中有些題目考查考生對文章作者的思想、人物性格傾向等方面的理解。對于判斷情感態(tài)度類題目，考生需要分析段落大意、作者的思路，理解了文章的段落大意、中心思想后，才能判斷出作者的情感態(tài)度。學(xué)會辨別清楚文章的體裁。高考閱讀理解題涉及各類文章。以議論文為主，文章的主題句往往會直接地表明作者的態(tài)度立場；說明文，因?yàn)槠潴w裁的客觀性，所以作者往往采取中立態(tài)度；記敘文，作者往往不直接提出文章觀點(diǎn)，而且作者寫作時(shí)也常常帶有某種傾向性，所以我們在讀這種體裁的文章時(shí)，要細(xì)心捕捉表達(dá)或暗示情感態(tài)度的單詞或短語。學(xué)會區(qū)分不同的觀點(diǎn)，尤其要善于找出作者的觀點(diǎn)。我們要注意文中出現(xiàn)的直接引語和間接引語。

如第四小題，根據(jù)最后一段中Speaking to Cambridge Independent, Noam Slonim, the project’s lead engineer, said, “The AI is not perfect, but it’s going in the right direction.”可知該項(xiàng)目的首席工程師Noam Slonim在接受《劍橋獨(dú)立報(bào)》采訪時(shí)表示:“人工智能并不完美，但它正朝著正確的方向前進(jìn)�！庇纱丝赏浦�，Noam Slonim對于人工智能的態(tài)度是支持的。故選A。