Question

【題目】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts 【1】 our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants 【2】(make) the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun 【3】 (screen) off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere, they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuit or the walls of their spacecraft,【4】 they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.

Radiation is 【5】(great) known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more than 0.1 rem without 【6】(damage); the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is 【7】 it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage - a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered 【8】 the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high radiation and, during the outward and return journeys, the Apollo crew accumulated (積累) a large amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply don't know yet 【9】 men are going to get on when they spent weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage 【10】(do) by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】as

【2】to make

【3】are screened

【4】if

【5】the greatest

【6】being damaged

【7】that

【8】until

【9】how

【10】done

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。太空是一個(gè)很危險(xiǎn)的地方，不僅僅是因?yàn)橛辛餍�，更因�(yàn)閬?lái)自于太陽(yáng)和其它星星的輻射。這些輻射對(duì)身體造成的傷害不容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，甚至要到生育幾代人后才能發(fā)現(xiàn)。宇航服及宇航船也不能為宇航員擋住所有的輻射。

【1】考查介詞。句意：在地球上，大氣層起到保護(hù)傘的作用�！俺洚�(dāng)、起……作用”可翻譯為act as，故填as。

【2】考查不定式。句意：光透過(guò)來(lái)，這對(duì)于植物生產(chǎn)我們所吃的食物是必需的�！皩�(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是必要的”應(yīng)翻譯為be essential for sb. to do sth.，故填to make。

【3】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與主謂一致。句意：各種各樣的光線從外太空穿過(guò)空氣，但是大量的太陽(yáng)輻射被屏蔽掉了�！�screen off”意為“關(guān)閉，屏蔽”，分析句子成分可知，but后這個(gè)分句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，并且主語(yǔ)radiation與screen off之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用這句話應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由于主語(yǔ)radiation被量詞quantities of所修飾，表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)意義，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。根據(jù)全文的時(shí)態(tài)可知，這篇文章使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填are screened。

【4】考查狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞。句意：人們一離開(kāi)大氣層，他們就暴露在各種輻射中，但是他們的宇航服和飛船的艙體，如果他們?cè)诶镞叄�的確可以為他們減少很多輻射傷害。根據(jù)句意，如果人們?cè)陲w船內(nèi)部，飛船的艙體才能為他們減少輻射傷害。這是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，“如果”可翻譯為if，故填if。

【5】考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：輻射是太空中探險(xiǎn)者已知的最大的危險(xiǎn)。known是一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞，修飾danger，表示已知的危險(xiǎn)�？崭裉巻卧~修飾這個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)，所以用形容詞。句中有表范圍的“在太空中”，所以空格處填形容詞最高級(jí)。故填the greatest。

【6】考查動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：科學(xué)家們有理由認(rèn)為人可以忍受遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)0. 1雷姆的輻射而不受傷害。這是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，與damage相關(guān)的邏輯主語(yǔ)是a man，a man與damage之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以空格處使用被動(dòng)形式。又由于空格位于介詞后，所以空格處使用動(dòng)名詞。所以空格處填動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式。故填being damaged。

【7】考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：麻煩的是確定輻射傷害是非常困難的。位于系動(dòng)詞后這是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句，從句部分it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage是一個(gè)完整的句子，不缺句子成分，所以使用連接詞that。故填that。

【8】考查固定句型。句意：一個(gè)人可能感覺(jué)很好，但是她/他的細(xì)胞或者性器官已經(jīng)被損傷，這要到畸形的孩子或者甚至是孫子出生才能被發(fā)現(xiàn)�？崭袂坝�not，“not…until”可翻譯為“在……之前，直到……才”，符合句意。故填until。

【9】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們還不知道當(dāng)人們?cè)谔�空�?shí)驗(yàn)室里工作時(shí)，需要在大氣層外度過(guò)幾周或幾個(gè)月，會(huì)怎么樣。根據(jù)句意，“get on”在這里意為“融洽相處、生活”，根據(jù)句意，我們還不知道人們?cè)谔�空度過(guò)幾周或幾個(gè)月后會(huì)怎么樣，所以使用連接詞how。

【10】考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：藥物可能會(huì)幫助減少輻射傷害，但是目前還沒(méi)有找到真的有效的藥物。but前小分句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為might help，所以空格處填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。the damage與do之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填done。