Louis Pasteur, the famous French chemist and bacteriologist(微生物學(xué)家), invented “pasteurization”. In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille, and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh. At that time, it was believed that food and drinks go “bad” due to a purely chemical process. But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms(微生物)caused food and drinks to go bad. In the case of wine and beer the organisms are already present in the form of the various yeasts (酵母) that caused the fermentation(發(fā)酵) process. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air, and that they too would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.
The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous. It was named “pasteurization” in his honour, and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows’ milk. The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea(嬰兒腹瀉)and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products. This simple process has saved thousands, possibly millions, of lives worldwide.
小題1:Pasteur became ___________ in 1854.
A．the chairperson of the science department at the University of Lille
B．the director of a chemical laboratory at the University of Lille
C．the general manager of a large beer-making company
D．the president of the University of Lille
小題2:According to the passage, Lille was a major center for ___________ in the mid-19th century.
A．growing grain cropsB．making beer and wine
C．doing chemical researchD．producing various kinds of yeasts
小題3:In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, the underlined word “they” refers to ___________.
A．wine and beerB．food and drinks C．the various yeastsD．other organisms
小題4:We can infer from the passage that Pasteur’s discovery __________.
A．is no longer widely used for treating milk and other food products
B．did not bring much profit to the wine makers in Lille
C．has done a lot of good to children in the world
D．has greatly reduced the number of wars in the world
小題5:According to the passage, we know it is        that causes food and drinks to go bad.
A．a(chǎn) purely chemical process.B．tiny living organisms(微生物)
C．keeping them in airtight containers.D．the heating process

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:B
小題4:C
小題5:B

試題分析：文章介紹Louis Pasteur通過實(shí)驗(yàn)證明微小的活的微生物會(huì)讓食物變質(zhì)，如果要保鮮食物和飲料可以將它們放在真空的容器中，這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)孩子的健康有很大好處。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章第一段的句子：In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille,可知Pasteur在1854年的時(shí)候，成為L(zhǎng)ille大學(xué)科學(xué)系的主席，選A
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：可知Lille大學(xué)在19世紀(jì)是制作啤酒和烈性酒的中心。Lille was a major center for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh.選B
小題3:猜詞題：從第一段的句子：He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air,可知食物和飲料會(huì)被空氣中的微生物弄壞，而它們?nèi)绻旁谡婵盏娜萜髦芯蜁?huì)保鮮，they指的是食品和飲料，選B
小題4:推理題：從文章第二段的句子：The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea(嬰兒腹瀉)and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products.可以推斷出：Pasteur 的發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)世界上的兒童有很大的好處，選C
小題5:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms(微生物)caused food and drinks to go bad.可知微小的活的微生物會(huì)讓食物變質(zhì)，選B
練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

(2013·高考山東卷)I used to be a very self­centered person，but in the past two years I have really changed.I have started to think about other people ____ I think about myself.I am happy that I am becoming a ____ person.
I think my ____ started when I was at Palomar College.At first，I just wanted to get my ___ and be left alone.I thought I was smarter than everyone else，so I hardly ever ___ to anyone in my classes.By the end of my first semester，I was really ____.It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun.So I tried a(n)____.I started asking people around me how they were doing，and if they were having trouble I ____ to help.That was really a big ____ for me.By the end of the year，I had several new friends，and two of ____ are still my best friends today.
A bigger cause of my new ____，however，came when I took a part­time job at Vista Nursing Home.One old lady there who had Alzheimer’s disease became my ____.Every time I came into her room，she was so ____ because she thought I was her daughter.Her real daughter never ____ her，so I took her place.She let me ____that making others feel good made me feel good too，when she died，I was ____，but I was also very grateful to her.
I think I am a much ____ person today than I used to be，and I hope I will not ____ these experiences.They have ____ me to care about other people more than about myself.I ____ who I am today，and I could not say that a few years ago.
小題1:
A．sinceB．before
C．orD．unless
小題2:
A．famousB．simple
C．differentD．skilled
小題3:
A．educationB．career
C．tourD．change
小題4:
A．balanceB．homework
C．degreeD．interest
小題5:
A．talkedB．wrote
C．liedD．reported
小題6:
A．carefulB．lonely
C．curiousD．guilty
小題7:
A．a(chǎn)rgumentB．game
C．experimentD．defence
小題8:
A．daredB．offered
C．hesitatedD．happened
小題9:
A．dreamB．problem
C．dutyD．step
小題10:
A．usB．which
C．themD．whom
小題11:
A．a(chǎn)ttitudeB．hobby
C．hopeD．luck
小題12:
A．friendB．partner
C．guideD．guest
小題13:
A．politeB．happy
C．strangeD．confident
小題14:
A．botheredB．a(chǎn)nswered
C．visitedD．trusted
小題15:
A．explainB．guess
C．declareD．see
小題16:
A．homelessB．heartbroken
C．bad­temperedD．hopeless
小題17:
A．quieterB．busier
C．betterD．richer
小題18:
A．forgetB．face
C．improveD．a(chǎn)nalyze
小題19:
A．forcedB．preferred
C．orderedD．taught
小題20:
A．missB．like
C．wonderD．expect

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory____course about 20 years ago.
The professor ____the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans（豆）, and invited the students to _ _how many beans the jar contained. After ____shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the ____ answer, and went on saying,” You have just ___an important lesson about science. That is Never____ your own senses.”
Twenty years later, the ___could guess what the professor had in mind. He ____himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting____into an unknown world
Invisible（無形的）to the    ,which can be discovered only through scientific        .But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even        the invitation. She was just        to understand the world. And she        that her firsthand experience could be the       .The professor, however, said that it was     .he was taking away her only     for knowing and was providing her with no substitute. “I remember feeling small and        ,”the women says, “and I did the only thing I could do.  I          the course that afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”
小題1:
A．a(chǎn)rtB．historyC．scienceD．math
小題2:
A．searched forB．looked atC．got throughD．marched into
小題3:
A．countB．guessC．reportD．watch
小題4:
A．warningB．givingC．turning awayD．listening to
小題5:
A．readyB．possibleC．correctD．difficult
小題6:
A．learnedB．preparedC．taughtD．taken
小題7:
A．loseB．trustC．sharpenD．show
小題8:
A．lecturerB．scientistC．speakerD．woman
小題9:
A．describedB．respectedC．sawD．served
小題10:
A．voyage B．movementC．changeD．rush
小題11:
A．professorB．eyeC．knowledgeD．light
小題12:
A．modelB．sensesC．spiritD．methods
小題13:
A．hearB．makeC．presentD．refuse
小題14:
A．suggestingB．beginningC．pretendingD．waiting
小題15:
A．believedB．doubtedC．provedD．explained
小題16:
A．growthB．strengthC．faithD．truth
小題17:
A．firmB．interestingC．wrongD．a(chǎn)cceptable
小題18:
A．taskB．toolC．successD．connection
小題19:
A．cruelB．proudC．frightenedD．brave
小題20:
A．droppedB．startedC．passedD．missed

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

My wife passed away seven and a half years ago, and I went through a huge depression (消沉), the worst time in my life. I even wanted to end my life. I continued to work as a small-town doctor at my medical clinic in Kilauea, Hawaii. My kids had gone to live on the mainland, and I was alone. On a family trip, we turned on the TV and saw the second plane crash into the World Trade Center. I said to my kids, “I’m going to Afghanistan.” International Medical Corps sent me to set up 20 clinics in some provinces where people had no health care. Eventually, the clinics were serving 27,000 patients a month. I had such a sense of accomplishment, a sense of purpose. My depression went completely away.
I go wherever disasters strike: Indonesia after the tsunami, Pakistan after the earthquake. I was just in Kenya. After their presidential election, at least a thousand people were killed and hundreds of thousands were forced out. We set up mobile clinics in an area with 19,000 refugees (難民). Measles broke out, one of the biggest killers of kids in refugee camps, and it spread like wildfire. Water and medical equipment were also problems.
When my wife passed away, I thought my life was done. But really, it was just getting started. At the end of her life, my wife fell into a coma (昏迷). I held her head in my hands and told her of all the places we would visit, the exciting adventures we would have. I think about this moment many times during my “adventures”. I did not know then how prophetic (先知的) those words would be. She is with me still.
小題1:The first country where the author provided people with medical care is _____
A．IndonesiaB．PakistanC．KenyaD．Afghanistan
小題2:The underlined word “Measles” in Paragraph 2 probably refers to ____
A．a(chǎn) kind of fireB．a(chǎn) kind of polluted waterC．a(chǎn) kind of medicineD．a(chǎn) kind of disease
小題3:The author and his wife ______.
A．experienced a lot of exciting adventures
B．loved each other very much
C．lived on the mainland
D．would travel to many places together
小題4:From this passage we know that the author _____
A．is a famous doctorB．got over his wife’s death
C．is always in depressionD．experienced many disasters
小題5:Which of the following word can best describe the story in this passage?
A．Sad.B．Exciting.C．Inspiring.D．Disastrous.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

I moved to Chicago ten years ago. As I was new to the area, I had     friends and seldom went out to parties. But a month later, I was invited to a party and there I     an elderly couple.
The wife and I     for a long time. She told me how     she was about her husband who was     a heart operation. At that time I was working as a researcher in the same     where the husband would be going for his operation,     I told her to take down my phone number and     me to let me know when he was there.
She phoned a few weeks later as     and told me that her husband was admitted to the hospital and     waiting. I told her that I would go and check on him every day while I was at    . I thought that if it was my dad, I would do the same, so I decided to give them some    .
Weeks turned into months and it just became my     to see them and keep track of how things were going before, during and after the heart operation. Sometimes I'd bring a     for him to read, or some food that we would share    . As time went by, it seemed like I became part of the    . Even after the husband returned from the hospital, we still often     each other on holidays.
Now, ten years later, I     my own family. Since our parents don’t     close by, this couple has become my son’s “l(fā)ocal” grandparents. My wife and I often feel truly     to have this couple as our “l(fā)ocal” parents! Sometimes family comes out of the most unexpected place.
小題1:
A．fewB．someC．severalD．many
小題2:
A．servedB．loved C．metD．supported
小題3:
A．searchedB．foughtC．workedD．talked
小題4:
A．regretfulB．calmC．worriedD．lucky
小題5:
A．giving upB．waiting forC．paying forD．turning down
小題6:
A．hotelB．hospitalC．restaurantD．office
小題7:
A．soB．butC．thoughD．since
小題8:
A．a(chǎn)skB．callC．helpD．invite
小題9:
A．requiredB．predictedC．expectedD．promised
小題10:
A．evenB．seldomC．stillD．sometimes
小題11:
A．workB．schoolC．homeD．table
小題12:
A．experienceB．companyC．luckD．trust
小題13:
A．riskB．stressC．testD．habit
小題14:
A．bookB．pictureC．computerD．tape
小題15:
A．earlyB．togetherC．a(chǎn)loneD．everywhere
小題16:
A．publicB．familyC．teamD．group
小題17:
A．missedB．followedC．knewD．visited
小題18:
A．leaveB．findC．haveD．need
小題19:
A．liveB．comeC．moveD．drive
小題20:
A．nervousB．curiousC．thankfulD．suitable

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Artie Shaw was born in New York City in 1910. His name was Arthur Arshawsky. His parents were poor immigrants who had come to the United States from Eastern Europe. His family later moved to New Haven, Connecticut.
At the age of fourteen, he began to play the saxophone and then the clarinet. From a very young age, Artie Shaw wanted to play his clarinet better than anyone. He wanted his sound and music to be perfect. He worked at this task much of his life.
He began working as a professional musician when he was fifteen. He left home and began playing in bands across the United States.
In 1928, young Artie Shaw traveled to Chicago, Illinois to hear the great trumpet player, Louis Armstrong. He immediately understood that Armstrong's great jazz sound was the beginning of something new and exciting. Artie left Chicago with a growing interest in jazz music. Soon after, he moved to New York City.
He got work playing the clarinet for the Columbia Broadcast System radio network. In 1936, he was given a chance to form a small group and play at New York's famous Imperial Theater on Broadway. His group was not the top band in the show. But the crowd loved his music. This proved to be a major step in his career.
Artie Shaw was always trying something new, something different. He heard a young black woman sing and hired her for his band. This was the first time that a black woman sang with white musicians. Racial separation was the rule in many states. Artie Shaw did not care.
Artie Shaw wrote several books in his later years. He wrote stories for magazines. He spoke about music at colleges and universities. But he had very little to do with the world of recording or music. During those years however, he received many awards and honors for his music. These included a Hall of Fame award from the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences.
小題1:When he was very young, Artie Shaw was ________.
A．born to a wealthy family
B．a(chǎn) famous singer
C．a(chǎn) man with a great dream
D．was in love with music when he was a baby
小題2:To achieve his music dream, Artie Shaw ________.
A．first began to play the clarinet
B．wanted to be the most famous musician around the world
C．began playing in bands across the United States
D．became a famous musician when he was fifteen
小題3:When Artie Shaw became an adult, ________.
A．he showed a growing interest in jazz music
B．he worked for Columbia Broadcast System radio network as a singer
C．he formed a small band when he was twenty three
D．he thought that racial separation should be the rule of the society
小題4: In his later years, Artie Shaw ________.
A．a(chǎn)lmost stopped playing music
B．worked for a magazine as an professional writer
C．he made many speeches about his life at colleges
D．he received many awards and honors for his books
小題5:Which one can be the title of the passage?
A．Artie Shaw’s Life StoriesB．Artie Shaw — A Crazy Musician
C．Artie Shaw — A Great WriterD．Artie Shaw’s Music Life

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空。
Everyone had a childhood. And childhood experiences are often very funny. Children often make us    小題1:(laugh). It’s true    小題2:children brighten up a home. They never turn off the lights.
I often recall my childhood, the years   小題3:   many interesting things happened. When I was a two-year-old child, both my parents were always very busy with their work. My mother worked   小題4:   a sales manager in a company while my father served in    小題5:  army. So I lived with my grandma in a village. I was always waiting for my parents at home. Once my father    小題6:  (send) us a photo of his in a soldier’s uniform,    小題7:  was posted on the table reminding me of him.
Once my mother came to see me and we went   小題8:  (shop) together. On the way we saw a group of soldiers. And when I saw them, I became very    小題9: (excite). I said in a ringing voice pointing to    小題10:  , “This is my father, and this is my father, and that is my father, too!”
My mother said she would remember that moment all her life.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

There was once a group of young people searching everywhere for happiness but what they got was only annoyance, grief and misery.
So they       Socrates for advice on where happiness      . But       giving any answers, Socrates asked them to help with building a       first. The group of guys had to       the task, laying aside their own business of seeking happiness. It took them a long time to cut down a tall tree, gouging out (挖空) the center. Through painstaking effort, they made a canoe out of the tree. They launched the canoe into a river, and then       together in it, singing with      .
Socrates asked, “My children, do you have happiness now?” They answered in chorus: “We       be happier!” Socrates      , “That’s it!       you are too busy pursuing something to notice anything bitter, happiness will occur.”
From the story I got to know that happiness      hides behind every tiny thing that you are involved in, and that you may only get pleasure through       work and creativity.
We may have to       pain in our daily life and in the process of       happiness. Sometimes we tend to look for happiness in       things, like a new car, clothes, etc. True long term happiness, however, comes from within our       and spirit. So why not turn suffering into       life, and       tears into the light in your heart? Only in this way can we make it through and find true happiness.
So my dear friends, just remember happiness is a state of mind and a matter of      , and I       you all a life of happiness.
小題1:
A．pointed toB．referred toC．turned toD．kept to
小題2:
A．layB．belongedC．stoodD．laid
小題3:
A．a(chǎn)part fromB．instead ofC．other thanD．for fear of
小題4:
A．houseB．boatC．bridgeD．school
小題5:
A．set aboutB．set downC．set outD．set up
小題6:
A．satB．stoodC．gotD．rowed
小題7:
A．joyB．sorrowC．curiosityD．hope
小題8:
A．mustn’tB．shouldn’tC．couldn’tD．needn’t
小題9:
A．declaredB．thoughtC．a(chǎn)ddedD．a(chǎn)ssumed
小題10:
A．UnlessB．WheneverC．UntilD．However
小題11:
A．neverB．a(chǎn)lwaysC．everD．seldom
小題12:
A．cautiousB．endlessC．hardD．effective
小題13:
A．experienceB．a(chǎn)voidC．enjoyD．deny
小題14:
A．searchingB．seekingC．hopingD．improving
小題15:
A．spiritualB．niceC．newD．material
小題16:
A．bodyB．partC．soulD．head
小題17:
A．blamingB．praisingC．endingD．cursing
小題18:
A．turnB．putC．divideD．draw
小題19:
A．timeB．energyC．factD．choice
小題20:
A．wishB．promiseC．bringD．require

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

As we all know, getting benched in sports is usually a bad thing. But at one school in Florida, a girl has taken a bench and turned it into something entirely different – a place to find friends. It’s called the Friendship Bench. And it’s the brainchild of a sixth grader at Palm Bay Elementary – a girl named Acacia Woodley.
Acacia’s attitude toward life might be summed up best by a question she recently asked members of the Brevard County School Board – “what if we spend as much time putting the spotlight on kindness as we do on cruelty?” It’s a philosophy Acacias has learned to live her own life -despite having a lot of people would consider a handicap. She was born without a right hand. And her left hand did not form properly. But Acacia says that she has not stopped her from achieving her goals. “You need to believe in your dreams. If you don’t believe in you dreams, I can definitely tell you that they are not going to come true.” She said.
Acacia came up with the idea for the Friendship Bench after seeing kids getting bullied at school. She says she has also experienced bullying herself – kids whispering about her or picking on her because she is different. “Some people say they feel sorry for me. I tell them not to,” she said. “I don’t care that I’m different. I like being different.”
The Friendship Bench looks like a lot of other benches. It has arm sets and a place to lean on. But there are also words painted on it – words such as “hope”, “respect”, “l(fā)isten” and “dream”. Acacia put the benches together with the help from her mother and brother.
Any time a kid feels he or she needs a friend, all that kid needs to do is sit on the bench. It is then up to the other kids – or grown-ups – to fill that need. “It’s a perfect idea,” Palm Bay Elementary Principal Lori said. “It’s something we’ve needed so badly.”
The Friendship Bench has been such a success at Palm Bay Elementary that other schools are now interested in installing one too. “There’s a saying in my teacher’s classroom,” Acacia said. “It says, ‘it you can dream it, you can achieve it.’”
小題1:What is the function of the first sentence in Paragraph One?
A．To explain the meaning of getting benched is sports.
B．To introduce the important role “bench” plays in sports.
C．To introduce what the author wants to say in the text to us.
D．To tell us that the passage is connected with the word “bench”.
小題2:What can be learned about Acacia from the passage?
A．She is disabled but leads an active life.
B．She has a deep understanding of life.
C．She finds it difficult to achieve her goals.
D．She finds herself always in need of help.
小題3:Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Acacia has also suffered from other kids’ bullying.
B．The kids who sit on the bench feel they need friends.
C．Grown-ups are allowed to offer their help to the one in need.
D．The Friendship Bench is different from others in the arm sets.
小題4:What can we infer from the passage?
A．More Friendship Benches will be installed in other schools soon.
B．Students stop bullying other schoolmates at Palm Bay Elementary.
C．The students at Palm Bay Elementary have become more friendly.
D．Acacia has become a very important figure at Palm Bay Elementary.
小題5:What is the best title of this passage?
A．Acacia’s New Invention
B．The Friendship Bench
C．Help from a Special Bench
D．Getting Benched in School

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案