Don’t you just love ice skating every winter？I am sure，that since winter is approaching，your skates are set to come out，just waiting to be used.Impress your friends with your new trick on how to ice­skate backwards with the help of these tips.Skating backwards on ice is a bit difficult but once you master the basic，there’s nothing like it.Follow the steps given below and you will be able to skate backwards in no time.
Stand Straight
The first thing that you need to do is，stand straight.If you feel that you are falling backwards，then just put your chin(下巴) up and slightly bend your knees.Don’t worry；this happens to all.
Confidence Is What You Need
The most important step while learning how to skate backwards，is having enough confidence in yourself and in what you are doing.How can you achieve this？By practice.Just practice rolling backwards down a gentle slop every single day or just by pushing off from a wall or something of that sort.But before you do that，make sure that the place where you are practicing is free from any kind of debris(碎片) because otherwise，you could land up in the hospital due to some accident.While going backwards，just get used to the feeling of moving backwards.One of the important ice skating tips and techniques is that if you feel that you are losing your balance，then scissor(做剪式運(yùn)動) your skates.Keep practicing this till you are confident about it.
Maintain Speed
Confident now？Great！Now the next step is to maintain your speed.While rolling in a straight line with one skate，with the other try sculling(劃槳)，that is，keep pushing yourself backwards with an outwards stroke(滑動)．Now bring the skate which you were using to scull，and then again，repeat the same process.Make sure that you put most of your weight on the skate which is moving straight and not the one with which you are sculling.Now，try the same thing using the other foot.Again keep doing this till you are confident enough.
Increase Your Speed Now
Once you are confident that you can scull with either foot，the next thing that you have to do is increase your speed.Try some of your own tricks now.Scull with either foot or with both at the same time.
Scull and Be Aware
While you keep one foot straight，keep sculling with the other.You can do that simultaneously with both feet.Concentrate on what you are doing but don’t get so involved，that you don’t see where you are going.If you are not watching your back，you might just bang against something or someone.
小題1:According to the text confidence comes from ______.
A．high speedB．strict coaches
C．constant exerciseD．good techniques
小題2:Which is the right order of ice­skating backwards?
a．Increasing your speed.
b．Being able to scull with one foot.
c．Being about to stand straight.
d．Trying some different tricks.
A．c→a→d→bB．c→b→d→a
C．a(chǎn)→c→b→dD．c→b→a→d
小題3:In order to keep balance when skating backwards you should ________.
A．skate in a scissor gesture
B．use both your feet to scull
C．skate forward first and then backward
D．put most of your weight on the skate with which you are sculling
小題4:The purpose of the text is ________.
A．to compare different ways of ice­skating backwards
B．to introduce the culture of ice­skating backwards
C．to explain advantages of ice­skating backwards
D．to offer some advice on ice­skating backwards

小題1:C
小題2:D
小題3:A
小題4:D

小題1:　C
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Confidence Is What You Need這一節(jié)的內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為信心是很重要的，而不斷的練習(xí)能夠提高能力從而增強(qiáng)自信心。
小題2:　D
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)作者所給出的幾點建議，倒滑的幾點技巧里面，首先保持直立站姿，接著是學(xué)會用一只腳倒滑，再換另一只腳，然后再慢慢加速，到這個時候才可以嘗試不同的花樣。
小題3:　A
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Confidence Is What You Need一節(jié)中的倒數(shù)第二句“One of the important ice skating tips and techniques is that if you feel that you are losing your balance，then scissor(做剪式運(yùn)動) your skates.”可知，當(dāng)你感覺要失去平衡的時候，建議你做剪式移動。
小題4:　D
解析　寫作目的題。作者主要從幾個方面給出了如何倒滑的建議，這就是本文的寫作目的。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Mom was right！If you say thank you，for even the smallest gift or slightest show of kindness，you’ll feel happy.
Gratitude(感謝)，says Robert A．Emmons，a professor of psychology at the University of California，is an important element of happiness.In his recent book，Thanks！，Emmons uses the first major study on gratitude to prove mom’s point.In acknowledging and developing this much­ignored expression of thankfulness，he explains how people have benefited—even improved their health.
As one of the leading scholars of the positive psychology movement，he admits gratitude may be difficult to express.He advises you to begin by admitting that life is good and full of events and elements that make daily existence a wonder.Second，recognize that the source of life’s goodness is more than just you.That source may be your mom，a friend，partner，child，colleague at work or play，or any combination of these.
Gratitude is always other­directed，notes Emmons.You can be pleased or angry with yourself and feel guilty about doing something wrong，but you can never be grateful to or for yourself.
Expressing gratitude shouldn’t be a reaction；it should be a state of mind.To feel grateful when life is a breeze and you have more than you need is easy.To feel grateful in time of crisis—anger，hatred and bitterness—is easier.Also，too many people are aware of life’s blessings only after these are lost.The voices expressing gratitude from his studies of individuals are many.
It’s crisis and chaos—danger，disease，disability and death—that bring many individuals to realize just how dependent they are on others.Yet it’s the way each of us begins life and ends it.It’s too bad that so many people waste those decades in between labouring under the illusion(幻覺) they are self­sufficient，says Emmons.
To enable and embrace gratitude，Emmons encourages the readers of Thanks! to keep a gratitude diary.He even provides easy­to­follow directions on how to practise and develop gratitude.
I’m not a reader or advocate of self­help books，but I am thankful for the reference I found in a newspaper article to the research Emmons was conducting on gratitude involving organ donors and recipients(接受者)．The chance discovery led me to this book.
Mom implied that kindness seems to find its way back to the giver because life really is all about giving，receiving and repaying.So I’ll pay attention to her professional advice and say：Thank you，professor Emmons.
小題1:What is the text mainly discussed?
A．There are many ways of being thankful.
B．Gratitude is important to happiness.
C．Mom is great for her being thankful.
D．Being thankful will keep you fit.
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A．Professor Emmons supports mom’s study on psychology
B．mom is as great a psychologist as Professor Emmons
C．Professor Emmons is a famous psychologist
D．mom is right about her viewpoint on gratitude
小題3:It will be easier for you to feel grateful when ______.
A．you live a comfortable life
B．you receive gifts on your birthday
C．you get help during your hard times
D．you are congratulated on your success
小題4:What is the opinion of Professor Emmons?
A．It is enough to thank others orally.
B．Whether you are thankful is always up to you.
C．Remember to be thankful anytime and anywhere.
D．It is easier to be thankful for yourself than for others.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

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A．happinessB．nervousness
C．calmnessD．sadness
小題2:
A．a(chǎn)mazingB．disappointing
C．tiringD．freezing
小題3:
A．seatsB．walls
C．floorsD．hearts
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A．seeing B．taking
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A．looking B．pacing
C．makingD．showing
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A．comprehensionB．thinking
C．guessingD．recitation
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A．bringing inB．putting down
C．picking upD．showing off
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A．kindlyB．slightly
C．directlyD．slowly
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A．doorB．direction
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A．terribleB．great
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A．frightened B．worried
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A．rightB．ready
C．clearD．possible
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A．hope B．joy
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Elena Kagan has reached a lifelong goal：becoming a Justice on the United States Supreme Court.The U．S. Senate confirmed Kagan on Thursday by a vote of 63­37.She replaces Justice John Paul Stevens，who retired in June.
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Kagan is the fourth woman in history to sit on the Supreme Court.Justice Sandra Day O’Connor was the first female Justice.She was appointed by President Ronald Reagan and served from 1981 to 2006.
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B．It’s Kagan’s dream to be a Justice on the United States Supreme Court.
C．Kagan achieved this position in the election by beating John Paul Stevens.
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D．Kagan has worked for two Presidents.
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A．a(chǎn) storybook
B．a(chǎn) textbook
C．a(chǎn) newspaper
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A．draftedB．dismissed
C．invitedD．involved
小題2:
A．wellB．plenty
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A．searchB．provide
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A．broughtB．checked
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A．remindB．help
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A．sentB．delivered
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A．moreB．further
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A．inB．for
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A．a(chǎn)mbitionB．dream
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A．hungerB．suffering
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小題1:
A．eventuallyB．occasionallyC．usuallyD．a(chǎn)pparently
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A．excitedB．willingC．interested D．lucky
小題3:
A．officialB．managerC．salesmanD．dustman
小題4:
A．hopefullyB．probablyC．simplyD．politely
小題5:
A．woreB．put C．triedD．dressed
小題6:
A．tookB．spentC．costD．wasted
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A．mistakeB．secretC．memoryD．reputation
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A．a(chǎn)notherB．oneC．the otherD．other
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A．statusB．look C．direction D．statue
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A．schoolB．study
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A．a(chǎn)roundB．until
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A．nightB．noon
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A．watchB．a(chǎn)ppreciate
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A．lastedB．rested
C．startedD．developed
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A．hiredB．forced
C．persuadedD．force
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A．giveB．a(chǎn)ttend
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A．designedB．ruining
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A．looking intoB．looking out of
C．looking down uponD．looking forward to
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A．jobB．problem
C．goalD．reward
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A．slowlyB．seriously
C．calmlyD．quickly
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A．teachersB．colleagues
C．studentsD．friends
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A．hardB．fast
C．earlyD．directly
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A．clearB．excited
C．busyD．disappointed
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A．write downB．think about
C．wait forD．search for
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A．theatreB．square
C．parkD．factory
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It seems hard to watch someone yawn（打哈欠） and not to yawn ourselves. Even reading about yawning can make you do it. Now, a new study has found why yawning has such a powerful force.
Yawning when others yawn, the study suggests, is a sign of pity and a form of social connection. Kids don’t develop this deeply rooted behavior until around age four, the study found. Kids with autism (自閉癥) are less likely to catch yawns. In the most serious cases, they never do. Yawning might help doctors to see whether the children are developing rightly. The work could also lead to a better understanding of the ways that people communicate and connect.
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Like infectious （有感染力的）laughter and crying, scientists have found that yawning is a shared experience that promotes social connection. Helt said it could fight stress after a period of being nervous and spread a feeling of calm through a group.
小題1:What does the new study suggest, according to the first two paragraphs?
A．Yawning is a form of communication.
B．It is easy to stop yawning when you see others yawn.
C．Children follow others in yawning just after they are born.
D．Yawning has some mysterious force which is related to God.
小題2:According to Molly Helt, _________.
A．humans differ from animals because they communicate with others
B．yawning is a kind of emotional connection among humans
C．emotions are infectious, but yawning is not
D．yawning helps clear ears on planes
小題3:Which of the following is NOT true about yawning?
A．It is natural to yawn back if people around you yawn.
B．Some kids are too young to yawn after others.
C．Yawning can be used to test children’s development.
D．Kids with autism yawn easily when others yawn.
小題4:The author implies in the last paragraph that ________.
A．yawning is different from infectious laughter and crying in theory
B．it is bad manners to yawn on some social occasions
C．the more you yawn, the happier you will be
D．yawning can make people feel relaxed

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Children have lost touch with nature and the outdoors in just one generation! Recently a campaign encouraging children to put away       - and play outside has been organized. The campaign, said to be the biggest _____, has been launched with the ______of a documentary film, Project Wild Thing. It tells the story of how, ______ an attempt to get his daughter and son outside, film-maker David Bond______ as marketing director for nature. The call to renew a__＿with nature comes from about 400 organizations, from playgroups to the National Health Service. Children are being ____to take back their "wild time",__＿30 minutes of screen use for outdoor activities. The organizers____that giving up 30 minutes of television and computer games each day in exchange for outdoor playwill increase the __＿of fitness and alertness and improve children's well-being.
According to the chairman Andy Simpson, right now, time spent outdoors is ___,activity levels are declining and the ability to identify common species has been ____ "With many more parents becoming ____ the dominance（統(tǒng)治地位）of screen time in their children's lives, and growing scientific evidence that a decline in____ time is bad news for the health and happiness of our children, we all need to become marketing directors for nature. We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids' development, independence and creativity, by giving wild time a ____，”said Mr. Simpson.
In Mr. Bond's opinion, the reasons why kids, ____ they live in cities or the countryside, have become ____from nature and the outdoors are complex. " We need to make more space for wild time in children's daily routine, ____ this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted. It's all about finding ____ on your doorstep and discovering the sights, sounds and ____ of nature一maybe in a back garden, a local park, or just green space at the end of the road."
小題1:
A．subjectsB．screensC．stagesD．scenes
小題2:
A．everB．likelyC．thenD．even
小題3:
A．outcomeB．directionC．exposureD．release
小題4:
A．byB．onC．forD．in
小題5:
A．behavesB．a(chǎn)ctsC．treatsD．regards
小題6:
A．connectionB．commitmentC．contractD．campaign
小題7:
A．pulledB．forcedC．urgedD．warned
小題8:
A．providingB．takingC．swappingD．preparing
小題9:
A．a(chǎn)llowB．a(chǎn)dmitC．a(chǎn)cquireD．a(chǎn)rgue
小題10:
A．a(chǎn)mountsB．levelsC．degreesD．standards
小題11:
A．downB．upC．over ．D．off
小題12:
A．developedB．shownC．testedD．lost
小題13:
A．delighted withB．guilty ofC．concerned aboutD．desperate for
小題14:
A．freeB．a(chǎn)ctiveC．spareD．normal
小題15:
A．goB．bit C．lookD．fit
小題16:
A．whileB．thoughC．a(chǎn)sD．whether
小題17:
A．escaped B．disconnected C．suffered D．protected
小題18:
A．freeing B．forbidding C．seeking D．serving
小題19:
A．imagination B．fortune C．wildness D．solution
小題20:
A．senses B．voices C．features D．smells

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