The Beginning of the Civil Rights Movement
In 1955，bus seats for African Americans and whites were separated in parts of the U．S.. On December 1,1955，in the city of Montgomery，Alabama，a conflict，or disagreement，started when an African American woman named Rosa Parks refused to give her bus seat to a white man and go to the back of the bus. The police took 42­year­old Parks to jail.
The African American community was extremely angry. They had a meeting and decided to work together to protest discrimination. They agreed to boycott(抵制) the buses on the day that Parks went to court. The day was a success. Empty buses drove through the streets. The city lost money. The community decided to continue the boycott. They elected a man named Martin Luther King，Jr. to be the leader.
The boycott continued. It was difficult for African Americans to get to work without buses，but they didn’t stop the boycott. The city continued to lose money. Finally，the U．S. Supreme Court decided that Montgomery’s bus laws were unfair and gave the African American community equal right. On December 21,1956，the bus boycott ended.
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement. The movement eventually led to the Civil Rights Act in 1964，a set of laws that made discrimination a crime. During the Montgomery Bus Boycott，people worked together to change the government. Today，people in the U．S. continue to work together for a change. Now hundreds of organizations and community groups work to protect the rights of U．S. citizens and residents.
小題1:How is the situation for the black in the U．S. in 1955?

A．They were treated equally.

B．They were treated unfairly.

C．They had no rights to take a bus.

D．They were not allowed to take the same bus with the white.

小題2:What is the cause of the Civil Rights Movement?

A．Bus seats for African Americans and white were separated in parts of the U．S.

B．Rosa Parks was sent to jail for she refused to give her bus seat to a white man.

C．The African American community had a meeting to protest discrimination.

D．A man named Martin Luther King，Jr. was elected to be the leader.

小題3:How long did the boycott continue?

A．Less than a year.	B．Less than a month.
C．More than a year.	D．More than a month.

小題4:How did the black people fight for the civil rights?

A．By refusing to take buses.

B．By refusing to talk to the white.

C．Through fights with the white people.

D．By doing nothing.

小題5:What is the final result of the Civil Rights Movement?

A．The U．S. Supreme Court decided that Montgomery’s bus laws were unfair and gave the African American community equal right.

B．They elected a man named Martin Luther King，Jr. to be the leader.

C．Black people and white people can take the same bus.

D．The movement eventually led to the Civil Rights Act in 1964，a set of laws that made discrimination a crime.

People have strange ideas about food. For example, the tomato is a kind of very delicious vegetable. It is one of useful plants that can be prepared in many ways. It has rich nutrition and vitamin in it. But in the 18^th century, Americans never ate tomatoes. They grew them in their gardens because tomato plants are so pretty. But they thought the vegetable was poisonous (有毒的). They called tomatoes “poison apples.”
President Thomas Jefferson, however, knew that tomatoes were good to eat. He was a learned man. He had been to Paris, where he learned to love the taste of tomatoes. He grew many kinds of tomatoes in his garden. The President taught his cook a way for a cream of tomato soup. This beautiful pink soup was served at the President’s party. The guests thought the soup tasted really good. They never thought their president would serve his honored guests poison apples.
Jefferson never spoke to his honored (忠實(shí)的) guests about the fact.
小題1:The passage tells us that Jefferson was a President who learned to love the taste of tomatoes       .

A．while he was in Paris	B．when he was a little boy
C．because his parents told him so	D．from books

小題2: According to the text, _______ made the beautiful pink soup served at the President’s party?

A．the President himself	B．a(chǎn) French cook
C．the President’s cook	D．the President’s wife

小題3: From the passage we know all the honored guests invited by Jefferson were       .

A．people from other countries	B．from France
C．people of his own country	D．men only

小題4:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A．All of the guests knew the soup that was served at the President’s party was made of tomatoes.

B．All of the guests thought the soup which was prepared by the President’s cook was nice.

C．All of the guests thought the taste of the beautiful pink soup was nice.

D．None of the guests knew that their president would serve his honored guests poison apples

No one can believe that the over 6,300-kilometer Great Wall might disappear some day. Believe it or not, the Great Wall is being destroyed by people. Less than 20 percent of the Great Wall built in the Ming Dynasty ,is still perfect, but about 80 percent is in danger. The Great Wall can be called “ great “ mostly because of its amazing length. But we should realize that the length was made up of one brick at a time. If we do nothing to save the Great Wall,it will become a series of separate wasteland rather than a historic site.
The Great Wall is actually a series of walls built and rebuilt by different dynasties over the past 2,000 years. It began in the rule of China’s first emperor, Qin Shihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221BC----206BC), and lasted into the Ming Dynasty. The parts built before the Ming Dynasty have nearly disappeared. People are familiar with sections such as Badaling in Beijing and Jiayuguan Pass in Gansu, because they have been open to tourists for many years. But those sections far away from the public eyes have been almost forgotten.
Few local people knew the 3—meter—high walls made of earth and stones beside them are parts of the Great Wall. The lack of knowledge is considered as one of the main reasons behind human.
The bricks on the Great Wall are carried off by countryside people to build their houses,sheep corrals and pigsties. Some were taken away to build roads. Bricks carved with people’s names are put away as remembrances. The rubbish is spread over the battlements. The brick can be sold 15 yuan per tractor load. Those who destroyed and are destroying the Wall know its name, but are not clear about its cultural meaning. It will take a long time to let them know this. The local farmers not only carried off the body of the Wall but also dug out the entire base.
It is necessary to protect the Great Wall. First of all, the officials should be aware of the importance of the Great Wall. Young Chinese should know more about the nation’s great civilization and learn to love it.
小題1:Why does the writer say the Great Wall might disappear?

A．It is useless from now on.

B． It is too old to be used again.

C． It will be replaced by a new one.

D． Some parts of it are being destroyed.

小題2:The underlined part “ those sections far away from the public eyes “( in Para. 2 ) refers to the parts of the Great Wall______________.

A．nobody can watch.

B．that are too far to be seen.

C．that are too difficult to find.

D．that are not well-known to the public.

小題3: What’s the main reason of the Great Wall being destroyed?

A．The local people sell the bricks for a living.

B．The local people are short of culture knowledge.

C．The local people think that the Great Wall is not important.

D．The local people need bricks and stones to build houses.

小題4: Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?

A．How to Protect the Great Wall.

B．How the Great Wall came into being.

C．The Great Wall Being Rebuilt.

D．The Great Wall Being in Danger.

American women experience a great variety of lifestyle. A typical American woman may be single. She may also be divorced or married. She may be a homemaker, a doctor or a factory worker. It is very difficult to generalize about American women. However, one thing that many American women have in common is their attitudes about themselves and their roles in American life.
Historically, American women have always been very independent. The first settlers to come to New England were ten young couples that had left behind their extended families. The women were alone in a new, undeveloped country with their husbands. This has two important effects. First of all, this was the uncivilized environment that demanded every person to share in developing it and in survival. Women worked with their husbands and children to make themselves accepted in this new land. Second, because they were in a new land without the established influence of older members of society, women felt free to step into non—traditional roles.
This role of women was strengthened in later years as Americans move west again, leaving families behind and meeting a new environment. Even later, in the east, as new settlers arrived, women often found jobs more easily than men. Women became the supporters of the family.
Within the established lifestyle of the industrialized twentieth century, the strong role of women was not attractive as in the early days of the country. Some women stepped into the men’s jobs as factory and business workers. After the war, some women stayed in these positions, and others left their jobs with a new sense of ability.
小題1:A typical American woman is______________.

A．single or married	B． divorced
C．sure about herself and her role	D． all of the above

小題2: During the industrialized twentieth century, the role of women__________.

A．was found out

B．was as important as before.

C．declined

D．was stronger than that of the early days

小題3: Women took part in men’s job during the time of_________.

A．the Second World War

B． the Westward Movement

C． the early immigration

D． the industrialized twentieth century.

Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造) of goods, which has changed ideas about work. One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail, meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.
Once this was done, workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parts in certain order. There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today's standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled worker wasn't the only loser, the common workers lost too. Similar changes forced farmer away. The increased mechanization (機(jī)械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had no choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.
小題1:In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods?

A．Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.

B．The increased exploitation (剝削)of workers in the 19th century.

C．The increased use of machines to make products in less time.

D．The use of machines producing parts of the same standard.

小題2:The underlined word “this ”in the second paragraph refers to the change that ______

A．each nail could be taken the place of by every other nail

B．each nail was exactly like every other nail

C．producing tasks became smaller and smaller

D．goods could be mass produced

小題3:According to the writer, highly skilled workers ______

A．completely disappeared with the coming of the factory system

B．were dismissed(解散) by the boss

C．were unable to produce goods of high standard

D．were unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines

小題4:According to the passage, what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechanization of agriculture?
A. Many of them had to leave their farmland for industrial centers.
B. They stuck to their farm work.
C. They refused to use machines.
D They did their best to learn how to use the machines.

The engineer Camilla Olivetti was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908. At his factory in Ivrea, he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter. Today the company’s head office is still in Ivrea, near Turin, but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world,
By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13.000 machines a year. Some went to customers in Italy, but Olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries.
Camillo’s son, Adriano, started working for the company in 1924 and later he became the boss. He introduced a standard speed for the production line and he employed technology and design specialist. The company developed new and better typewriters and then calculators(計(jì)算器). In 1959 it produced the ELEA computer system. This was the first mainframe(主機(jī)) computer designed and made in Italy.
After Adriano died in 1960, the company had a period of financial problem. Other companies, especially the Japanese, made faster progress in electronic technology than the Italian company.
In 1978, Carlo de Benedetti became the new boss. Olivetti increased its marketing and service networks and made agreements with other companies to design and produce more advanced office equipment. Soon it became one of the world’s leading companies in information technology and communications. There are now five independent companies in the Olivetti group—one for personal computers, one for other office equipment, one for systems and service, and two for telecommunications.
小題1:From the text we learn that            

A．by 1930 Olivetti produced 13.000 typewriters a year

B．Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s

C．some of Olivetti’s 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy

D．Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning

小題2:What was probably the direct result of Olivetti’s falling behind in electronic technology

A．Adriano’s death	B．A period of financial problems
C．Its faster progress	D．Its agreements with other companies.

小題3:What do we know about Olivetti?

A．It produced the best typewriter in the world.

B．It designed the world’s first mainframe computer.

C．It exported more typewriters than other companies.

D．It has five independent companies with its head office in Ivrea.

小題4:The best title for the text would be            

A．The Origin of Olivetti.	B．The Success of Olivetti.
C．The History of Olivetti	D．The Production of Olivetti.

The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928). After immigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous(災(zāi)難性的) fire of 1871. In those days, it was nicknamed “the Garden City”, almost certainly the source of Howard’s name for his later building plan of towns. Returning to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination（結(jié)合） of designs.
The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities. At the same time, the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression(蕭條) and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor much social life. Howard’s idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. Howard’s idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside; far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price.
Garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries. They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions. As more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limit-----Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away. Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide rang of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city.
小題1:How did Howard get the name for his building plan of garden cities?

A．Through his observation of the country life.

B．Through the combination of different ideas.

C．By taking other people’s advice.

D．By using the nickname of the reconstructed Chicago.

小題2:The underlined phrase “drawing on ”in Paragraph 1 probably means______.

A．making use of	B．making comments on
C．giving an explanation of	D．giving a description of

小題3:According to Howard, garden cities should be built______.

A．a(chǎn)s far as possible from existing cities

B．in the countryside where the land was cheap

C．in the countryside where agriculture was developed

D．near cities where employment opportunities already existed

小題4:What can we learn about garden cities from the last paragraph?

A．Their number would continue to rise

B．Each one would continue to become larger

C．People would live and work in the same place

D．Each one would contain a certain type of business

小題5:What could be the best title for the passage?

A．City and Countryside	B．The Invention of the Garden City
C．A New City in Chicago	D．A Famous Garden City in England

If there’s one memory Anna wanted to keep from her experiences during the Second World War, it was her son, Andrzej. Anna, 89, lost touch with him when she was forced to leave her native Poland and sent to a labor camp in Austria more than 60 years ago. Now, 64, Andrzej hugged his mother at the air port, who had been waiting for him.
Andrzej searched for his mother for more than 50 years, almost giving up. But his mother made the first phone call. Unluckily, he wrote down his mother’s phone number wrong and spent another month trying to reach her again. When he did, the two talked regularly on the phone for two months to break down the language barrier. Anna can hardly speak Polish over the years and Andrzej doesn’t speak English.
After the war, Anna could not find her son and went to Italy, finally ending up in Great Britain, the US, then Canada 45 years ago. She used the Internet to track her son, making phone calls with no luck. Meanwhile Andrzej contacted the Polish Red Cross last year to help in his search.
At last, they locate each other at the same time. Andrzej will spend a month with his mother in Britain.
小題1:Andrzej was about _______ years old when his mother left him for Austria 60 years ago.

A．eight

B．six

C．four

D．two

小題2:Where did they meet for the first time after 60 years separation?

A．In Britain

B．In Italy

C．In Poland

D．In Canada

小題3:Andrzej delayed a month to phone his mother because________.

A．he had to learn English first

B．he put down a wrong number

C．he needed some time to prove the news

D．he just couldn’t believe the news at first

小題4:The best title for the passage would be ________

A．The story of Anna and her son Andrzej

B．The war separated the families for 60 years

C．Anna suffered a great deal from the war

D．Mother reunited with son after 60 years.

To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains, but actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain, Its first use was as a shade against the sun!
Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese in the 11th century BC.
We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office.
In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in commonly used in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans.
During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered as a symbol of power. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France and later in England.
By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe.
Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn’t until the twentieth century that women’s umbrellas began to be made , in a whole variety of colors.
小題1:According to this passage, the umbrella was probably first invented in ancient_______.

A．China

B．Egypt

C．Greece

D．Rome

小題2:Which of the following statements is not true about the umbrella?

A．No one exactly knows who the inventor of the umbrella was

B．The umbrella was first invented to be used as protection against the sun.

C．The umbrella changed much in style in the eighteenth century

D．In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade.

小題3:A strange feature of the umbrella’s use is that it was used as__________.

A．protection against rain	B．a(chǎn) symbol of honor and power
C．a(chǎn) shade against the sun	D．women’s decoration

小題4:In Europe, the umbrella was first used against the rain_______________.

A．during the Middle Ages

B．in Rome

C．by the 18th

D．in Greece

小題5:This passage talks mainly about_______________.

A．when and how the umbrella was invented

B．why the umbrella was so popular in Europe

C．the development of the umbrella

D．The history and use of the umbrella

During the early years of American settlement, a new form of English was beginning to develop in the islands of the West Indies and the southern part of the mainland, spoken by the black population. The beginning of the seventeenth century saw the happening of the slave trade. Ships from Europe travelled to the West African coast, where they exchanged cheap goods for black slaves. The slaves were shipped in terrible conditions to the Caribbean islands and the American coast, where they were in turn exchanged for such products as sugar and molasses(糖蜜). The ships then returned to England, completing an “Atlantic triangle”of journeys, and the process began again. Britain and the United States had outlawed the slave trade by 1865, but by that time, nearly 200 years of trading had taken place. By the middle of the nineteenth century, there were over four million black slaves in America.
The policy of the slave-traders was to bring people of different language backgrounds together in the ships, to make it difficult for groups to plan rebellion. The result was the growth of several pidgin (混雜語言) forms of communication, and in particular a pidgin between the slaves and the sailors many of whom spoken English. Once arriving in the Caribbean, this pidgin English continued to act as a major means of communication between teh black population and the new landowners, and among the blacks themselves. Then, when children came to be born, the pidgin became their mother tongue, thus producing the first black Creole(克里奧爾語) speech in the region. This Creole English rapidly came to be used throughout the cotton plantations (種植園), and in the coastal towns and islands.
小題1:Which of the following shows the route of slave trade correctly?

A．EuropeWest African coastthe Caribbean islands and the American coastEurope

B．EuropeWest African coastEuropethe Caribbean islands and the American coast

C．West African coastEuropethe Caribbean islands and the American coastEurope

D．West African coastEuropethe Caribbean islands and the American coastWest African coast

小題2:It can be inferred that the slaves in the same ship ____.

A．didn’t communicate with each other

B．could understand several languages

C．spoke different languages

D．came from the same place

小題3:Creole speech comes from _____.

A．Spanish and English

B．English and an African language

C．a(chǎn) European language and an American language

D．a(chǎn)n African language and an American language

小題4:What is the text mainly about?

A．The history of slave trade.	B．“Atlantic triangle” of journeys.
C．Languages spoken in America	D．The birth of black English