If you look for a book as a present for a child, you will be spoiled for choice even in a year when there is no new Harry Potter. J.K. Rowling’s wizard is not alone: the past decade has been a harvest for good children’s books, which has set off a large quantity of films and in turn led to increased sales of classics such as The Lord of the Rings.
Yet despite that, reading is increasingly unpopular among children. According to statistics, in 1997 23% said they didn’t like reading at all. In 2003, 35% did. And around 6% of children leave primary school each year unable to read properly.
Maybe the decline is caused by the increasing availability（可利用性）of computer games. Maybe the books boom（繁榮）has affected only the top of the educational pile. Either way, Chancellor Gordon Brown plans to change things for the bottom of the class. In his pre-budget（預(yù)算） report, he announced the national project of Reading Recovery to help the children struggling most.
Reading Recovery is aimed at six-year-olds, who receive four months of individual daily half- hour classes with a specially trained teacher. An evaluation earlier this year reported that children on the scheme made 20 months’ progress in just one year, whereas similarly weak readers without special help made just five months’ progress, and so ended the year even further below the level expected for their age.
International research tends to find that when British children leave primary school they read well, but read less – often for fun than those elsewhere. Reading for fun matters because children who are keen on（熱衷） reading can expect lifelong pleasure and loving books is an excellent indicator（指示物）of future educational success. According to the OECD, being a regular and enthusiastic reader is of great advantage.
小題1:Which of the following is true of Paragraph 1?

A．Many children’s books have been adapted from films.

B．Many high-quality children’s books have been published.

C．The sales of classics have led to the popularity of films.

D．The sales of presents for children have increased.

小題2:Statistics suggested that ___.

A．the number of top students increased with the use of computers.

B．a(chǎn) decreasing number of children showed interest in reading.

C．a(chǎn) minority of primary school children read properly.

D．a(chǎn) large percentage of children read regularly.

小題3:What do we know about Reading Recovery?

A．An education of it will be made sometime this year.

B．Weak readers on the project were the most hardworking.

C．It aims to train special teachers to help children with reading.

D．Children on the project showed noticeable progress in reading.

小題4:Reading for fun is important because book-loving children ____.

A．takes greater advantage of the project.

B．shows the potential to enjoy a long life.

C．is likely to succeed in their education.

D．would make excellent future researchers.

小題5:The aim of this text would probably be ____.

A．to overcome primary school pupils’ reading difficulty.

B．to encourage the publication of more children’s books.

C．to remind children of the importance of reading for fun.

D．to introduce a way to improve early childhood reading.

When someone gives you advice, listen without judgment, try to find value in what you’re hearing, and say “Thank you”．This wise advice is easy to understand yet hard to practice．I’ll give you an example from my life when I totally blew it in terms of practicing what I teach．
In my work I travel constantly．I always put off going to the airport until the last second．My wife, Lynda, was sitting next to me in the front seat．I was racing along and not paying much attention．Lynda cried out, “Look out! There is a red light up ahead．”
Being a trained behavioral science professional --- who teaches others the value of encouraging advice --- I naturally screamed at her, “I know there is a red light up ahead! Don’t you think I can see?” When we arrived at the airport, Lynda didn’t speak to me．I wondered why she seemed mad at me．
During the flight to New York, I did a cost-benefit analysis．I asked myself, “What was the cost of just listening when Lynda called out the warning? Zero．” I then reasoned, “What was the potential benefit? What could have been saved?” Several potential benefits came to mind, including her life, my life, and the lives of other people．
I landed in New York feeling ashamed of myself．I immediately called Lynda and told her my cost-benefit story．I convinced her, “The next time you help me with my driving, I am just going to say, ‘Thank you．’”
A few months passed, and I had long forgotten the incident．Again, I was racing off to the airport, when Lynda cried out, “Look out for the red light!” I was embarrassed, and then shouted, “Thank you!”
I’m a long way from perfect, but I’m getting better．My suggestion is that you get in the habit of asking the important people in your life how you can do things better．And be ready for an answer．Some people may tell you things like “Look out for the red light．” When this happens, remember that there is possibly some potential benefit．Then just say, “Thank you．”
小題1:What do we know about the author?

A．He is expert at behavioral science．

B．He is gifted in cost-benefit analysis．

C．He always takes his wife’s advice．

D．He often runs the red traffic light．

小題2:The underlined part “blew it” in Paragraph 1 probably means “__________”．

A．lost personal judgment	B．forgot the practical method
C．became annoyed with the adviser	D．failed to say “Thank you”

小題3:It can be inferred from the passage that people __________．

A．should give their opinions patiently

B．tend to be defensive when given advice

C．had better study behavioral science

D．intend to follow others’ suggestions

小題4:The purpose of the passage is to advise people to __________．

A．do a cost-benefit analysis in daily life

B．discover potential benefits

C．learn from the author’s experiences

D．treasure others’ suggestions

Walking down any of Shanghai’s main shopping streets this week, newcomers might think the locals have been celebrating Christmas for centuries. Christmas may not be a customary holiday in China, but businessmen in Shanghai know it will bring something more valuable than tradition: people are willing to spend money. Most Chinese may feel little connection with the Christmas celebration, but with most shops offering discount (折扣), the message couldn’t be clearer-- it is the season to part with one’s hard-earned cash.
Much of that marketing drive is directed towards thousands of foreigners and foreign companies that call Shanghai home. But for Shanghai’s 13 million locals, regardless of personal interest, there seems no avoiding the season’s commercial greetings. Along some major roads, nearly every shop window displays some symbols to the holiday: a man-made fir tree(杉樹) with lights, or a snowman.
With an increasing number of westerners arriving in the city for work, young Shanghainese, eager to keep pace with the latest western fashions, have begun to show their interest in Christmas. But some people still don’t think Christmas is an important festival in China. At least it is less important than the New Year and China’s Spring Festival.
小題1:Why are people willing to spend money during Christmas?

A．They have earned a lot of money.

B．Goods are much cheaper during this period of time.

C．It is time for shops to sell goods.

D．Businessmen like Christmas.

小題2:Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Christmas is the season people will hold their hard-earned money tightly.

B．Most Chinese people think they have something to do with Christmas.

C．Christmas is the season for common people to earn money.

D．Few Chinese people feel they are connected with Christmas celebrations.

小題3:Why do some young Shanghainese show great interest in Christmas?

A．They think themselves connected with Christmas celebrations.

B．They think Christmas is more important than New Year’s Day.

C．They want to follow the up-to-date western fashions.

D．They want to part with their hard-earned cash during Christmas.

小題4:From the first paragraph we know that _______.

A．It is difficult for most people to earn money.

B．It is easy for most people to earn money.

C．Only foreigners in Shanghai celebrate Christmas.

D．Christmas will be as important as China’s Spring Festival.

I got married in 2008. My husband and I are very emotional and have loads of dreams in life. Now I want to share a hidden part of my life.
After one month of my marriage, I started working because I could not sit home. To accomplish our dreams, we are both working hard day and night in spite of belonging to a good family. Life is very strange. When any turn happens, one cannot know.
I started working because I was very ambitious. I used to wonder about people who worked to earn their bread but I never knew in my wildest dreams that I would be part of the crow who work to earn a livelihood.
I was blessed with a daughter in November, 2009. She was just three months and 15 days old when I rejoined my job. My husband supported me and my family supported me but I never wanted to work again because I belonged to a family where a mother should give her full attention to her child.
Keeping all the values aside that I learnt from my parents, I went back to work and will work till my last breath.
I missed my daughter every second. She has started recognizing and throwing expressions for likes and dislikes. I cannot share my feelings with anyone, as I do not want anyone to know that I am broken completely from inside.
My husband and my daughter are my greatest strength but I ignore them just to earn money and fulfill my dreams that I have.
If one day, my daughter complains to someone about her mom, please tell her that she is my reason for survival and happiness and she is the only one who brings smile to my face.
小題1:The author began to work after her marriage mainly because ____.

A．She expected to prevent herself from doing housework

B．She hoped to achieve her dream

C．She wanted to support her husband

D．She wanted to make her own bread

小題2: After her daughter’s birth, the author thought ____ in the beginning.

A．she should work harder

B．she should continue her career as she used to

C．she should stop working and care for her child

D．she should become a more ambitious mother

小題3:From the passage, we can know that the author’s daughter ____.

A．lives together with her mom now

B．hasn’t begun to learn to speak so far

C．a(chǎn)lways makes her mom heartbroken

D．has given much comfort to her mom

小題4:The author wrote this passage in order to ____.

A．complain about her present life

B．show her love for her daughter

C．keep a diary of her daughter’s growth

D．present the hardships of a working mother

小題5:What is the best title of this passage?

A．The secret of a working mother

B．A working family is continuing

C．A husband’s support for his wife’s career

D．The comparison between the family and career for a mother

Liu Hui is very excited. The students in a school in Shanghai will go to the USA with his parents during the Spring Festival.
“Overseas touring has always been a dream for me,” he said happily.
Nowadays, Chinese people enjoy longer holidays, such as the three “Golden Week Holidays”(the Spring Festival, May Day and National Day). They have more time to travel. Rising incomes also make travelling abroad realistic for ordinary Chinese people.
Nearly 7 million Chinese travelled overseas in 2001, according to the National Tourism Administration(國家旅游局). The most common problem travellers face is how to choose the best routes(路線).
By the end of 2002, Chinese citizens were allowed to travel to 19 foreign countries and regions at their own expense.
The top 10 places included Hong Kong, Macao and Thailand. European countries are also becoming increasingly popular.
“More and more Chinese people have shown interest in travelling to Europe, particularly France and Finland,” said Tan Wen, a general manager of China Youth Travel Service. “Sooner or later, there will be a peak（高峰） in European tours.”
Another consideration is choosing the right travel agencies and finding the best price. The China Consumers’ Association（CCA，中國消費者協(xié)會）offered tips to consumers on choosing the right travel agencies to help prevent a relaxing vacation from turning into a costly disaster.
“Price should not be the single most important factor in choosing a travel agency,” said Zhang Yuanchao, CCA vice-secretary general. Consumers are advised to choose large State travel agencies with good reputations and official approval to organize overseas tour groups.
Zhang’s association dealt with more than 5, 000 complaints about travel agencies（旅行社） last year. And the majority of the complaints were about random changes in travel routes, bad tour guides, and forced shopping.
Travellers were warned to look carefully at their contracts with agencies and to buy travel insurance(保險).
小題1:How many reasons are given in the article as to why ordinary Chinese people are traveling abroad more today?

A．Two.

B．Three.

C．Four.

D．Five.

小題2:According to the passage, what is the biggest problem Chinese travelers face when going overseas?

A．Choosing the best travel agent.

B．Deciding the best way to get to the places they want to go to.

C．Traveling to Europe.

D．Cost.

小題3:According to the passage, what seems to be the most common result of choosing a bad travel agency?

A．People buy more souvenirs than they had planned to.

B．People spend more money than they had planned to.

C．People go to different places than they had palnned to.

D．People complained more than they had planned to.

小題4:The underlined part “random changes” probably means that         .

A．the travelers agreed with the changes.

B．the travel agency didn’t make any changes.

C．the travel agency refused to changes the routes.

D．the travel agency changed the routes or time without following the original plan.

The aims of the Illustrators’(插圖畫家的)Exhibition, staged as part of the Bologna Children’s Book Fair, organized by BolognaFiere and held from 23to 26 December 2011,are to bring illustrators and publishers together and to promote illustrators and their works among publishers.
QUALIFICATIONS
·Individual illustrators or groups of illustrators of any nationality, if they were born before 31^st December 1992, whose artwork is intended foe use in children’s books, are qualified to enter the Exhibition, either directly or through publishing houses or schools.
·Please state in the application form whether you are entering work for the Fiction or Nonfiction Category. Illustrators may only enter one category.
·Artwork previously presented to the Exhibition may not be re-entered.
·The confirmation(確認(rèn)) form must be filled in and a photograph attached, then presented together with illustrations no later than 15 October 2011.
SHIPMENT
Entries may be delivered by post, express delivery service or by hand. From abroad, please use the following forms: Form “A” for registered mail or post by air; Form “B” if using an international forwarding agent or airline.
To avoid delays, material should not be sent by normal post. Material should be sent “carriage (運費) paid”, including any customs and delivery costs.
BolognaFiere may not be held responsible for the non-arrival or late arrival of artwork. all published works must be accompanied by a declaration bearing the ISBN number, publisher’s name and address.
REQUIREMENTS
The illustrations(i.e. the size of the sheet)must not exceed(超過) the following dimensions:
Fiction:
32×42 cm( or 42 × 32 cm)
Non-fiction:
50 ×70 cm ( 70 × 50cm)
Illustrations in larger formats will not be considered, nor will they be returned by BolognaFiere. The illustrations must be on paper or flexible board, maximum thickness 2mm( for scanner separation purposes).
SELECTION PROCESS
All artwork received by the stated deadline and meeting the specified requirements will be examined and selected by an international group ( whose decision is final ), including five members ( from publishing house and art schools ) appointed each year by BolognaFiere.
EXHIBITIONS ABROAD
After the Bologna event, the Illustrators Exhibition will travel to Japan under the supervision of JBBY. The Illustrators Exhibition may afterwards be transferred to other venues in other countries. The exhibitions of illustrations held abroad follow the same rules and regulations as the Illustrators Exhibition, and the provisions (條款) of the regulations are extended to the organizers of the exhibitions held abroad.
RETURN OF ARTWORK
All the works will be returned to their owners by BolognaFiere or directly by the organizers of the exhibitions and held abroad by the end of July 2012.
小題1:Which of the following of the Illustrators’ Exhibition is true?

A．It will last five days in all in July every other year.

B．is intended for college students who are good at painting.

C．is held by the Bologna Children’s Book Fair in BolognaFiere.

D． can strengthen the relationship between illustrators and publishers.

小題2:The illustrators of the Illustrators Exhibition __________.

A．should be at least 16 and no more than 25

B．may re-enter their artwork after it is returned

C．should state the category of their artwork clearly

D．may choose to attach a photo to the application form

小題3:Which of the following is unacceptable for delivering entries?

A．Normal post

B．Airline post

C．Registered mail

D．Express delivery

小題4:What is BolognaFiere responsible for?

A．Paying for the delivery costs	B．Late arrival of artwork
C．Confirmation of ISBN number	D．Returning the illustrators’works.

小題5:The illustrators’works will not be considered if they ________.

A．a(chǎn)re received after the day of 15 October 2011

B．a(chǎn)re smaller than the required size

C．have already been published abroad before.

D．don’t meet the demands of the internationals experts.

Scores of farms across he country are opening up to overnight guests．The best have all the appeal of a first-rate inn（小旅館） — plus here a moo, there a moo．
Sure, you and your kids have a plan for the theme parks．In the meanwhile, why not make a little hay（干草）? Farm stays are fast becoming the great American alternative to the pre-packaged vacation．
LIBERTY HALL FARM
Rochester, Vt．; 802/767-3926; www．libertyhillfarm．com．Adults $75, teens $50, kids 12 and under $35, including breakfast and dinner; shared baths．
Beth and Bob Kennett run a farm straight out of a storybook．You’ll find Beth in the kitchen, rolling out dough（生面團(tuán)） for a pie．Bob’s busy with other work．Guests sleep in seven sunny bedrooms right in the farmhouse and can participate in any of the farm jobs．Maybe you and your kids won’t be up at 6 am to meet the milk truck, but you can help with the milking twice a day, collect eggs, and pick sweet corn and wild blackberries in season．
HULL-O FARM
Durham, N．Y．; 518/239-6950; www．hull-o．com; Adults $110, kids 10-14 $60, 5-9 $50, 2-4 $35, under 2 free, including breakfast and dinner; private baths．
It started in 1993 as a way to bring in some extra money at a time of falling milk prices．But soon after Frank and Sherry Hull opened their Catskill Mountains dairy farm to overnight visitors, they discovered they loved it．As you drive up, Sherry greets you on the porch（入口處） of the 1825 farmhouse with a cow-shaped cookie jar．Before long your kids are playing around with the cows, sheep, ducks, goats and getting ready for a hayride．
MERAMEC FARM CABINS
Bourbon, Mo．; 573/732-4765; http://www．wine-mo．com Doubles with private bath $75, $10 per additional person．Trail and riding fees extra．
Climb on the back of the Ford pick up and catch up with the herd．One gentle cow named Cricket will even let the kids sit on her back．At the barn（牲口棚） Carol will introduce you to the horses — 15 Missouri Fox Trotters — and lead you on a ride over the hills and down along the spring-fed Meramec River, where everyone swims．Grab a fishing pole and head back to the river．When you have your fill of the wild, try Carol and Dave’s favorite restaurants, within 20 miles of the farm．
小題1:The underlined sentence in the first paragraph implies that _____．

A．you can enjoy the best cuisine at the first rate restaurant

B．some farms provide country experiences as well as good accommodations

C．farm work is hard, but you can enjoy it a lot, playing with the animals

D．if you want to hear a cow’s cry, please stay on a best farm

小題2:We can learn from the three ads that ____．

A．Hull-O Farm was not built for overnight visitors

B．Frank and Sherry Hull run a farm out of a storybook

C．kids can sit on a gentle cow’s back on Hull-O Farm

D．you can’t milk a cow if you get up late on Liberty Hill Farm

小題3:The Browns have a 13-year-old son and 11-year-old daughter．If they stay on Liberty Hill Farm for one night, how much will they pay?

A．$175．

B．$220．

C．$235．

D．$250．

小題4:Who will be most likely interested in the webpage?

A．Kids who want to find pleasure in the theme parks．

B．People who expect to be employed on the farm．

C．Those who plan to have family vacations on working farms．

D．Researchers who are interested in raising cows on farms．

Between their crazy schedules and upside-down circadian（晝夜節(jié)律的） rhythms, teens have always been somewhat sleep-deprived（剝奪）．Now technology is making it worse．
Teens are not just texting, instant-messaging and surfing Facebook all day; they’re sleeping with their cell phones or laptops, too．Or rather, not sleeping．And doctors and parents, many of whom raised in an era when phones were attached to walls, are concerned．
“So many teens are having sleep issues, and parents aren’t necessarily regulating the use of the electronic devices enough,” says Margie Ryerson, a therapist．“It’s impossible to wind down and relax the body, the mind, the senses and be ready to fall asleep．”
“We all know teens don’t get enough sleep in general,” says San Francisco．“As long as parents allow teens to have these devices in their bedrooms at night, teens will be tempted（誘惑） to use them．”… Teens would socialize 24/7 if they could．
Ryerson calls it the CNN syndrome of teenhood— round-the-clock reports on breaking news about everything, from homework to wardrobe choices to ice-cream cravings．
Sleep deprivation is linked to memory and concentration problems, anxiety and depression, and moodiness．“Many people assume these problems arise directly from adolescence, which is not really true,” he says．“The real issue is sleep deprivation．Late-night texting can certainly make the situation worse．”
“The psychology behind this constant contact is certainly understandable,” Ryerson says．“It comes from wanting to avoid being left out．They won’t be considered important and significant in their peer group, if they don’t know what’s going on．If they’re on top of everything, they belong,” she says．
“What helps, at least for younger kids,” says Ryerson, “is parental involvement．If all of their friends are all able to text into the early hours of the night, it is hard for a middle or high schooler to set the limit themselves．Often they appreciate parents stepping in．”
“As parents, we want our kids to be happy, healthy and responsible,” she says, “and the most necessary requirement for achieving balance is to first take care of ourselves physically — eating well, exercising and getting enough sleep．”
小題1:According to Ryerson, it seems that ____．

A．it is unnecessary to control teens’ using the electric devices

B．parents possibly don’t control teens in using the electric devices

C．there is no need for parents to make use of the electric devices

D．parents don’t learn enough how to use the electric devices

小題2:By saying the underlined part “the CNN syndrome of teenhood”（in Para5）, Ryerson means _．

A．teens are affected by CNN news reports very much

B．teens watch news report on CNN around the clock

C．teens text to tell each other everything possible

D．teens like the news report on CNN

小題3:When teens felt depressed, people used to think it was because ____．

A．teens stayed up late to do homework

B．teens were easily anxious in character

C．teens didn’t have enough sleep at night

D．teens were going through a period of growth

小題4:Why do teens keep texting all the time?

A．To have a sense of being accepted by others．

B．To keep informed of what is going on in the world．

C．To spread important news among their group．

D．To reduce the pressure from parents and schools．

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．
Imagine that Mom and Dad have friends over, and you have to talk to adults all evening．Say the wrong thing and the parents may get mad．But, say _50_, and they'll think you weren't friendly．So, _51_can you talk with adults?
It's _52_．Just ask them questions about themselves．"Many of them like to talk about what they do for a living," suggests psychologist Tim Ursiny, author of The Confidence Plan．
Kids can also talk to grown-ups about _53_．Ask what the last good movie they saw was, because people at dinner parties "_54_" when the conversation turns to movies, Ursiny says．If a grown-up is _55_ Harry Potter, it's ok to talk about your love for Harry．It's a safe topic, one that both grown-ups and kids can enjoy, so go ahead and talk about whether Dumbledore is really dead．
But _56_the topic of video games．"Adults don't want to hear about your video game _57_they play it," Ursiny explains．
Adults also don't want to hear slang．Don't use language they don't _58_．Ursiny says kids should learn to speak to other people in their own language．
_59_,most adults aren't into slang, they do remember what it was like to be a kid．Ursiny recommends asking adults what school was like when they were your age．"It might be a fun discussion if you _60_your
10th-grade experience with theirs．"_61_you chat with your parents beforehand to find out which topics are
off-limits（禁區(qū)）．
Also, don't chat about things that make your parents feel guilty．Don't mention _62_ stuff such as how Dad has been sleeping on the couch, Ursiny says．And don't complain that Mom has been late preparing breakfast．
Instead, Ursiny says, kids should try to put themselves in their parents' _63_．Learning how to _64_that type of understanding might help you out in the future．"The most successful people, can develop a sympathetic feeling for others," he says．

小題1:	A．everything B．something C．a(chǎn)nything D．nothing

小題2:	A．how B．whatever C．why D．when

小題3:	A．important B．interesting C．hard D．easy

小題4:	A．movies B．meals C．parties D．hobbies

小題5:	A．look up B．light up C．make up D．keep up

小題6:	A．in B．on C．into D．onto

小題7:	A．neglect B．a(chǎn)void C．prevent D．ignore

小題8:	A．when B．unless C．but D．because

小題9:	A．believe B．a(chǎn)ccept C．understand D．a(chǎn)gree

小題10:

A．While B．As C．If D．Since

小題11:

A．show B．compare C．balance D．match

小題12:

A．Make sure B．Pay attention C．Watch out D．Take care

小題13:

A．incredible B．special C．embarrassing D．personal

小題14:

A．shoes B．clothes C．condition D．location

小題15:

A．produce B．shape C．raise D．develop

Can you communicate with others when you live in a foreign country with no or little knowledge of its language? Of course, it is possible. You can communicate your moods and intentions to one another without words, because all human beings share a lot of common visual（看見的）signals. These signals are as effective as words during communication.
The gestures of the head play a key role in body language. The movements of eyes and eyebrows are as important as head movements in body language.
　　Besides the gestures of the head or the movements of the eyes and eyebrows, the action of arms, hands and legs is also a large part of body language. Extending one's arm and shaking hands with others is a greeting in both formal and informal cases. This part of body language might date back to primary tribes（部落）.
　　Like handshaking, there are still many other forms of body language presented by hands. Raising one's hand and making a circle with his thumb（拇指）and for finger signals, that something is OK. Clasped（握緊的）hands raised above the head, a traditional picture accepted by sportsmen after winning a fight, is a display of triumph that grows out of a kind of feeling following a victory. Waving one's hands, a speaker can make his words more powerful and vigorous（有活力的）.
　　Besides hand gestures, there are times when a person says something with his legs as well as with his head and eyes. The leg gestures often reflect one's attitude towards something or someone that person is with.
　　According to the above facts, body language has offered a more reliable（可靠的）way to understand one's mind by means of gestures. Though it is soundless and wordless, once you understand it, you will feel the world is bigger than you realized.
小題1: Which of the following is the proper title for this passage?

A．Body Language	B．How to Communicate with the People around You
C．The History of Body Language	D．Gestures And Languages

小題2:After reading the passage we can conclude that ________.

A．hand shaking suggests that the speaker is excited

B．head plays a less important part in body language

C．a(chǎn)ctors and actresses are good at gestures

D．people began to use body language long long ago

小題3:What's the characteristic of body language?

A．Soundless and wordless.	B．Difficult to understand.
C．Powerful and vigorous.	D．Effective and normal

小題4:When sports men win a match, they probably ________.

A．clasp their hands to announce their victory

B．clasp their hands to express their excited feeling

C．have a picture taken as soon as possible

D．show a sign of thankfulness