Four common bad habits combined—smoking, drinking too much, inactivity and poor diet—can age you by 12 years, sobering new research suggests.
The findings are from a study that tracked nearly 5,000 British adults for 20 years, and they highlight yet another reason to adopt a healthier lifestyle.
Overall, 300 people studied had all four unhealthy behaviors. Among them, 90 died during the study, or 30 percent. Among the 400 healthiest people with none of the four habits, 8 percent of them died.
The risky behaviors were: smoking tobacco; downing more than three alcoholic drinks per day for men and more than two daily for women; getting less than two hours of physical activity per week; and eating fruits and vegetables fewer than three times daily.
These habits combined substantially increased the risk of death and made people who engaged in them seem 12 years older than people in the healthiest group, said lead researcher Elisabeth Kvaavik of the University of Oslo.
The healthiest group included never-smokers and those who had quit; teetotalers, women who had fewer than two drinks daily and men who had fewer than three; those who got at least two hours of physical activity weekly; and those who ate fruits and vegetables at least three times daily.
"You don't need to be extreme" to be in the healthy category, Kvaavik said. "These behaviors add up, so together it's quite good. It should be possible for most people to manage to do it."
The US government generally recommends at least 4 cups of fruits or vegetables daily for adults, depending on age and activity level, and about 2 hours of exercise weekly．
小題1:What problem may you have, if you smoke often and eat few fruits and vegetables?

A．You would have difficulty in walking．	B．You would feel tired, lack of energy．
C．You may look older than you really are．	D．You may face the risk of death of cancer．

小題2:How many of the 400 healthiest people with none of the four habits died?

A．32.

B．24．

C．56．

D．120．

小題3:What does this text mainly talk about?

A．Suggestions to smokers．	B．The results of four bad life habits．
C．The findings of a new research．	D．The recommends from the US government.

What kind of life do you seek for? One that is frustrating and full of complaints every day? Or one that is filled with thankfulness, gratefulness and a positive mind?
The moment we open our eyes each day, we should be grateful that we are still alive．We are given a brand-new day．We are given another day to love．We are given another day of hope．We are given another chance to do whatever we have failed to accomplish．Those who have chosen to leave this place do not have any second chance．
We should be grateful every day．By being grateful, we will treasure the things around us．We will learn to appreciate life in a better way．Treat others better and find ourselves in a better mood every day．When we are thankful and grateful for the things we have, the universe tends to give us more．
By being thankful and grateful for our personal health, we will focus our attention on it and we would want to have a better well-being for our health．We will want to eat healthier food to nourish our body．After all, the body is the temple of our soul．We have to treat it well so that it can carry us a longer journey in life．
When we face problems in life, be thankful and grateful too．They are designed specifically for us so that we will be stronger and wiser．We are like a strong oak tree, facing the harsh weathers time to time．After each storm, we will grow stronger and strengthen our foundations for the next harsh weather．
The year 2010 has come to an end．Have you achieved what you aimed for in the past year? Be grateful for those you have achieved and especially for those you have not—both successes and failures．Failures and mistakes will give you valuable lessons．So, pick yourself up and try again this year．Good luck！
小題1:According to the text, how many kinds of life are mentioned?

A．One．

B．Two．

C．Three．

D．Four．

小題2:What does the word "harsh" underlined in the text refer to?

A．severe

B．pleasant

C．fine

D．mild

小題3:According to the text, the life filled with thankfulness should be the following except that we       .

A．learn to enjoy our life in a better way

B．face problems in life and choose to leave

C．focus our attention on our health

D．treat others better and find ourselves in a better mood

小題4:The sentence "We are like a strong oak tree…" in the fifth paragraph, we can see that the author used the writing technique of ____．

A．telling a fairy story	B．stating facts
C．discussing matters	D．imitating things

小題5:What would be the best title for the text?

A．Kinds of Life	B．Be Positive
C．Be Grateful Every Day	D．Pick Yourself Up

Alaskan black bears hibernate for up to seven months a year, during which time they do not eat or drink, before waking up in virtually the same physical state they fell asleep in．
Now experts hope to develop methods of putting humans into a similar state which could help astronauts survive long missions and lead to new ways of treating severely ill patients．
While many studies have examined hibernation in mice and hedgehogs, little research has been done into the same condition in larger mammals such as bears．
But new research conducted at the Institute of Arctic Biology at the University of Alaska monitored the animals' body temperature, heart rate and muscle movements while they slept.
The research results showed that during a five-month hibernation the bears’ body temeratures varied between 30℃ and 36℃ in cycles that lasted between two and seven days—a pattern that was previously unknown in hibernating animals.
The research project leader said, "If our research could help by showing how to reduce metabolic(新陳代謝的) rates and oxygen demands in human tissues, one could possibly save severely ill patients. We simply need to know how to turn things on and off to take advantage of the different levels of hibernation."
Craig Heller, of Stanford University, who contributed to the study, added: "There has always been a thought that, if there is ever long-distance space travel, it would be good to be able to put people into a state of lower metabolism or a state of hibernation. That's almost science fiction but you can see the logical basis."
小題1:We know from the text that            .

A．during winter Alaskan black bears sleep for more than half a year

B．researchers have examined hibernation in humans

C．experts have got no results from their research

D．Craig Heller is a leader from the Institute of Arctic Biology

小題2:The best topic of the text should be                ．
． 

A．The Latest Research Results

B．New Methods of Putting Humans into Hibernation

C．Alaskan Black Bears Hibernate

D．Astronauts Could Hibernate Like Bears

小題3:According to the text, we can infer that         .

A．many studies have examined hibernation in mice and bears as well

B．humans' body temperatures vary between 30℃ and 36℃ while they sleep

C．research into hibernation in animals may help deadly patients stay longer

D．scientists have already take advantage of the different levels of hibernation in space missions

A sign can be found in the front yard of a house in the US. The people living here want to let their dog play outside and ensure it won’t run into the street. So, they hire a company to set up an “invisible fence”, an electric wire buried in the ground around the yard. The dog wears a special collar and when it walks near to the “fence”, the wire will send out a small shock. The dog quickly learns to stay away from the edge of the yard. As it says at the bottom of the sign, the fence will keep your dog “safe” (away from the street) and “at home” (contained inside the yard).
The small word “BRAND” printed in blue means that “Invisible Fence” is registered as the company’s brand name. Similarly, the “TM” printed after “your dog safe at home” stands for “trade mark”, a slogan registered specifically to one company.
小題1: The people set up an “invisible fence” _________.

A．to let their dog play outside their house

B．to keep their dog away from the edge of the yard

C．to keep their dog inside their yard

D．to warn others not to enter their house

小題2: Which is NOT true about the “invisible fence”?

A．The fence does not exist at all.

B．The “Invisible Fence” is the name of a company.

C．Without the special collar, the fence won’t work on the dog.

D．Science and technology play an important part in it.

小題3:

ROME: The legend of Leonardo da Vinci is covered in mystery: How did he die?Are the remains buried in a French castle really those of the master? Was the "Mona Lisa" a self-portrait in disguise (偽裝)?
A group of Italian scientists believe the key to solving those puzzles lies with the remains, and they say they are seeking permission to dig up the body to conduct carbon and DNA testing.
If the skull is undamaged, the scientists can go to the heart of a question that has fascinated scholars and the public for centuries: the identity of the "Mona Lisa." Recreating a virtual and then physical reconstruction of Leonardo's face, they can compare it with the smiling face in the painting.
"We don't know what we'll find if the tomb is opened. We could even just find grains and dust," says Giorgio Gruppioni, an anthropologist who is participating in the project. "But if the remains are well kept, they are a biological record of events in a person's life, and sometimes in their death." Silvano Vinceti, the leader of the group, said that he plans to press his case with the French officials in charge of the said burial site at Amboise Castle early next week.
Leonardo moved to France at the invitation of King Francis I, who named him "first painter to the king." He spent the last three years of his life there, and died in 1519 at age 67. The artist's original burial place, the palace church of Saint Florentine, was destroyed during the French Revolution and remains that are believed to be his were eventually reburied in the Saint-Hubert Chapel near the castle.
"The Amboise tomb is a symbolic tomb; it's a big question mark," said Alessandro Vezzosi, the director of a museum dedicated to Leonardo in his hometown of Vinci. Vezzosi said that investigating the tomb could help identify the artist's bones with certainty and solve other questions, such as the cause of his death. He said he asked to open the tomb in 2004 to study the remains, but the Amboise Castle turned him down.
The group of 100 experts involved in the project, called the National Committee for Historical and Artistic Heritage, was created in 2003 with the aim of "solving the great mysteries of the past," said Vinceti, who has written books on art and literature.
Arguably the world's most famous painting, the "Mona Lisa" hangs in the Louvre in Paris, where it drew some 8.5 million visitors last year. Mystery has surrounded the identity of the painting's subject for centuries, with opinions ranging from the wife of a Florentine merchant to Leonardo's own mother.
That Leonardo intended the "Mona Lisa" as a self-portrait in disguise is a possibility that has interested and divided scholars. Theories have existed: Some think that Leonardo's taste for tricks and riddles might have led him to hide his own identity behind that puzzling smile; others have guessed that the painting hid an androgynous lover.
If granted access to the grave site, the Italian experts plan to use a tiny camera and radar to confirm the presence of bones. The scientists would then exhume (挖掘) the remains and attempt to date the bones with carbon testing.
At the heart of the proposed study is the effort to discover whether the remains are actually Leonardo's, including with DNA testing.
Vezzosi questions the DNA comparison, saying he is unaware of any direct descendants (后代) of Leonardo or of tombs that could be attributed with certainty to the artist's close relatives.
Gruppioni said that DNA from the bones could also eventually be compared to DNA found elsewhere. For example, Leonardo is thought to have rubbed colors on the canvas with his thumb, possibly using saliva (唾液), meaning DNA might be found on his paintings.
Even in the absence of DNA testing, other tests could provide useful information, including whether the bones belonged to a man or a woman, and whether the person died young or old.
Even within the committee, experts are divided over the identity of the "Mona Lisa."
Vinceti believes that a tradition of considering the self-portrait to be not just a faithful imitation of one's features but a representation of one's spiritual identity may have resonated (共鳴) with Leonardo.
Vezzosi, the museum director, dismissed as "baseless and senseless" the idea that the "Mona Lisa" could be a self-portrait of Leonardo. He said most researchers believe the woman may have been either a wife of the artist's sponsor, the Florentine nobleman Giuliano de Medici, or Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a rich silk merchant, Francesco del Giocondo. The traditional view is that the name "Mona Lisa" comes from the silk merchant's wife, as well as its Italian name: "La Gioconda."  
小題1:   Where is this passage most probably taken from?

A．A magazine.

B．A newspaper.

C．A textbook.

D．A research report.

小題2:   Why does the author ask a couple of questions in the beginning?

A．To arouse the interest of readers.	B．To puzzle Italian scientists.
C．To answer the questions himself.	D．To make fun of French officials.

小題3:   The best title of this story might be “_____”.

A．What Is the Purpose of an Investigation?

B．How Did Leonardo da Vinci Die in France?

C．Are the Remains Really Those of the Master?

D．Did Leonardo Paint Himself as 'Mona Lisa'?

小題4:The sentence “he plans to press his case with the French officials” (underlined in Paragraph 4) suggests that Vinceti intends to _____.

A．press the French officials to participate in their project

B．urge the French officials to open the tomb early next week

C．persuade the French officials to allow opening the tomb

D．record events in a person’s life with the French officials

小題5:   Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．Scholars have the same opinion on DNA testing.

B．Scientists doubt if the remains are those of da Vinci.

C．The identity of “Mona Lisa” has already been proved.

D．Alessandro Vezzosi got permission to open the tomb.

小題6:   We can infer from the last two paragraphs that _____?

A．“Mona Lisa” is the name of the wife of a silk merchant

B．the “Mona Lisa” is a self-portrait of Leonardo da Vinci

C．experts divided the committee into several groups

D．opinions differ of the identity of the “Mona Lisa”

Why did the chicken cross the road? To get to the other side.
Most people know this joke. But recently, some people have been much more worried about how the grizzly bear and mountain lion can cross the road.
“Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads,” the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill.
“Eco-passages” may help animals cross the road without being hit by cars. They are paths both over and under roads. “These eco-passages can be extremely useful, so that wildlife can avoid road accidents,” said Jodi Hilty of the Wildlife Protection Society.
But do animals actually use the eco-passages?  The answer is yes. Paul Beier of Northern Arizona University found foot marks left by mountain lions on an eco-passage that went under a highway.  This showed that the lions used the passage.
Builders of eco-passages try to make them look like a natural part of an area by planting trees on and around them. Animals seem to be catching on. Animals as different as salamanders（火蜥蜴）and grizzly bears are using the bridges and underpasses.
The next time you visit a park or drive through an area with a lot of wildlife, look around.  You might see an animal overpass!
小題1: The writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that __________.

A．wild animals have become more dangerous

B．the driving condition has improved greatly

C．a(chǎn)n increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents

D．the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work

小題2:From the story, we know an eco-passage is __________.

A．a(chǎn)n underground path for cars

B．a(chǎn) fence built for the safety of the area

C．a(chǎn) bridge for animals to get over a river

D．a(chǎn) path for animals to cross the road

小題3: When the writer says that “animals seem to be catching on” (Para. 6), he means __________.

A．a(chǎn)nimals begin to realize the dangers on the road

B．a(chǎn)nimals are crossing the road in groups

C．a(chǎn)nimals are increasing in number

D．a(chǎn)nimals begin to learn to use eco-passages

小題4: The writer asks visitors and drivers to look around when traveling because __________.

A．wild animals may attack cars	B．they may see wild animals on eco-passages
C．they may see wild animals in the park	D．wild animals may jam the road

小題5: The best title for the passage is __________.

A．Special bridges help animals cross the road

B．Endangered animals increase because of roadkill

C．Animals fail to cross the road

D．Take steps to protect animals in danger

Bernstein had been appointed Assistant Conductor for the New York philharmonic only a few months before that night. Just 25 years old, he was relatively inexperienced. At the last minute, Bernstein was told he was to take Walter’s place, so he didn’t have any time to rehearse（排演）. The music he was going to conduct was very difficult. Plus, the concert was going to be broadcast nationally on the radio. Despite all these pressures, Bernstein rose to the occasion and received a standing ovation（長久的鼓掌）at the end of the concert. The event made national headlines, and Bernstein became famous overnight.
Some people feel they do their best under the most stressful circumstances. What was it about Leonard Bernstein that made him do so well in such a difficult situation?
Perhaps Leonard Bernstein did so well because music was his devotion. The son of a man who supplied hairdressing products, Bernstein became interested in music at the age of 10. By the time he was a teenager, he was performing in public. He became a soloist of the Boston Public School Orchestra, and for 13 weeks in 1934, he played classics on the radio.
小題1:The underlined word “break” in the first paragraph means “__________”.

A．rest

B．chance

C．pause

D．gap

小題2:Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the second paragraph?

A．The concert Bernstein was to play at was going to be broadcast nationally on TV.

B．The music Bernstein was going to conduct was very difficult.

C．When Bernstein was told he was to take Walter’s place, he had no time to practice the performance.

D．Before his performance as a conductor, Leonard Bernstein had little experience.

小題3:Leonard Bernstein was successful at the concert because of __________.

A．the wonderful music	B．the stress of the circumstances
C．his devotion to music	D．Bruno Walter’s absence

小題4: From the last paragraph, we can learn that __________.

A．Leonard Bernstein was very clever

B．Leonard Bernstein’s parents worked hard

C．chances are important to a famous person

D．early interest led to Leonard Bernstein’s success

小題5:What might be the best title for the text?

A．Leonard Bernstein’s Debut	B．Leonard Bernstein’s Life
C．A Young Soloist	D．A Great Conductor

Most of the news in the newspapers is bad but sometimes there is a story with good news. This is one of those stories. Millions of people around the world suffer from AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and other serious diseases. There are medicines to treat these diseases but for people in poor countries, these medicines are too expensive to buy. When a pharmaceutical（制藥的）company produces a new medicine, they receive a special license called a patent. This license means that the new medicine or drug is protected for a period of 20 years. The company that produced the drug can fix the price of the drug and no other company is allowed to produce the same drug or a copy of the drug for 20 years. At the moment, these patents operate all over the world, both in rich countries and in poor countries. The drugs companies say that they need patents so that they can get the money to pay for research to find new drugs and medicines. In rich countries people usually have enough money to pay for these drugs but in poor countries people can’t afford to buy them and cannot treat diseases like AIDS and malaria.
Last month, however, a group of experts published a report which says that patents are very bad for poor countries. The report says that drug companies do not want to find new medicines for diseases of poor people in poor countries. It says that poor countries should be allowed to buy cheap drugs without patents from other countries.
The authors of the report were lawyers, scientists and a senior director from the drug company Pfizer. Of course, the pharmaceuticals industry doesn’t agree with the report, “We need patents so that we can develop new medicines to fight disease both in the developed and developing world,” said a spokesman. But the report is the first sign that there might be a change in the patent system. This change could save millions of lives in the world’s poorest countries. This really is good news.
小題1: Why are medicines expensive for people in poor countries?

A．They are protected by patents.	B．They are produced in rich countries.
C．They are imported.	D．They can cure the deadly diseases.

小題2: What does the underlined word “patent” in Para1 mean in Chinese?

A．執(zhí)照

B．專利權(quán)

C．專利品

D．商標

小題3:Why do drugs companies need patents?

A．To sell drugs in rich countries.

B．To sell drugs in poor countries.

C．To get money to produce new drugs.

D．To compete with other companies.

小題4: What does the report say?

A．Poor countries should spend more money on drugs.

B．Poor countries shouldn’t obey a pharmaceutical patent.

C．Poor countries should import drugs.

D．Poor countries should be allowed to make copies of drugs.

小題5:What might happen if the patent system is changed?

A．Millions of lives will be saved in poor countries.

B．Drugs companies will stop producing drugs.

C．Drug companies will make more money.

D．The competition will be canceled.

Hey there,
So you're about to spend four years of your life and tens of thousands of dollars of your parents' money, and all you really know about college is that all of your friends are going. Do you ever consider why you're going? 
Relax. You're making the right decision. First of all, you'll discover what interests you by taking courses in many subjects. It's hard to decide whether you want to be a painter if you've never painted any pictures, until you're in a drawing-room on campus. College is also a lot of fun — after you graduate, you'll be working every weekday for 50 or so years. And remember that college graduate earn about twice the income of those who never attended college. 
Finding the right college can be difficult. Fortunately, Johnson Review is here to help you every step of the way. 
*Researching Schools. The most important decision you'll make is to choose the school that really suits your best — not the one that is the most competitive or has the best-equipped rooms. 
*Applying to School. On JohnsonReview.com, you’ll find hundreds of actual college applications and links to many more. 
*Raising Your Scores. American College Test is one of the most difficult parts of the admission(錄取) course. It's not the most important, though, and not everyone needs to prepare for the test. But, if you can do better, find the right course for better scores. 
*Paying for School. Most families need financial aid for the high cost of college. The problem is that financial aid seems difficult to get and many families get caught up in the price of college instead of learning the ways to get financial aid. If you really do your research, you'll learn that you can afford to attend any college, no matter the cost. 
For more information, call 600-3681 or visit JohnsonReview.com. Wherever you go, have a nice trip! 
Johnson Smith 
Founder and CEO 
Johnson Review 
小題1:How many reasons for going to college does the author mention in the text? 

A．5

B．4

C．3

D．2

小題2:The author thinks you should choose the college that is _______________. 

A．famous

B．suitable

C．competitive

D．well-equipped

小題3: What does the author advise you to do to pay the high cost college? 

A．To study the financial courses.

B．To ask the society for donation.

C．To get to know how to ask for financial aid.

D．To do research on the financial system of college

小題4: What's the author's purpose of writing this test?

A．To make Johnson Review popular.

B．To help readers find the right college.

C．To suggest ways to prepare for college learning.

D．To introduce college life to high school students.

  Windsurfing is a sport that combines sailing and surfing．In 1948，twenty-year-old Newman Darby first thought of using a handheld sail to contro1 a small boat．Darby did not apply for a patent(專利)for his design at first．However，he is recognized as the inventor of the first sailboard．
Californians Jim Drake，a sailor and engineer，and Hoyle Schweitzer，a surfer and skier received the patent for a sailboard．They called their design a windsurfer．The early windsurfer boards measured 3．5 meters long and weighed 60 pounds．Later in the l980s，Newman Darby did apply for and receive a design patent for a one—person sailboat．
In the late l940s，Newman Darby found he could control a 3-meter-long sailboat and make turns even without a rudder(舵)．In l964 he designed the first universal joint(萬向接頭)to go along with a flat bottom sailing boat．This sailboard was equipped with a universal joint，a board and a kite—shaped free sail and thus windsurfing was born．
Naomi Darby，Newman’s wife，was the first woman windsurfer and helped her husband build and design the first sailboard．She sailed while standing up，controlling the boat without the use of a rudder．She tilted(傾斜)the sail to change directions．This was something that had never been done before．
Hoyle Schweitzer began producing sailboards in the early 1970s．The sport became very popular in Europe．By the late 1970s，windsurfing fever had Europe firmly in its grasp with one in every three families having a sailboard．
The first windsurfing world championship was held in 1973．Windsurfing first became an Olympic sport for men in l984 and for women in l992．
小題1:Jim Drake and Hoyle Schweitzer received the patent for the design of     ．

A．a(chǎn) sailboard called windsurfer	B．a(chǎn) kite—shaped free sail
C．the first universal joint	D．a(chǎn) one—person sailboat

小題2:What can we learn from the text?  

A．Hoyle Schweitzer was a sailor and Jim Drake was a surfer．

B．Newman Darby’s wife supported him in his invention．

C．Newman Darby was the first to tilt the sail to change directions．

D．The first world windsurfing competition was held in the late l970s．

小題3:Which is the correct order of the following events?
a．Newman Darby thought of controlling a boat with a handheld sail．
b．Newman Darby received his design patent．
c．Windsurfing became popular in Europe．
d．Windsurfing became an Olympic sport for women．

A．a(chǎn)cbd

B．a(chǎn)bcd

C．a(chǎn)cdb

D．bacd

小題4:What is the main idea of the text?

A．The invention of windsurfing．	B．How windsurfing was popular in the world．
C．The history of windsurfing．	D．How windsurfing became an Olympic sport．