The reasons for a person’s becoming an alcoholic have often been debated by psychologists and other scientists. But recent studies suggest that the problem of alcoholism(酒精中毒) should also be the focus of investigation by biologists.
While such things as hard jobs, boredom, and unhappiness can lead to alcoholism, researchers at a prominent university have found that there may also be a genetic factor involved in alcoholism. In the study, children of alcoholic parents were surveyed. The result showed that the children of alcoholic parents were more likely to become alcoholics themselves than were children of non-drinking parents.
This evidence in itself is not conclusive（令人確信的）about anything. After all, it may be the constant exposure（接觸）and easy access to alcohol that cause the children of alcoholics to become alcoholics themselves. But there is more evidence. The study found that children born of alcoholic parents but raised by non-drinking foster（撫養(yǎng)的）parents also were susceptible to alcoholism. This group of offspring（后代）was more likely to take up drinking than youngsters who were born of and raised by non-drinking parents.
Other evidence found in the study suggests that environment does not play as important a role in the development of alcoholism as had been previously thought. The study found that the likelihood of alcoholism was better predicted from the characteristics of the parents than from such environmental characteristics as type of job or level of income.
63. What is the main point of the passage?
A. To describe the environment in the development of alcoholism.                                
B. To study the psychological factor in the development of alcoholism.
C. To describe how the children of alcoholic parents become alcoholics themselves.        
D. To describe the close link between genetic make-up and alcoholism.
64. According to the passage, what can bring about alcoholism?
A. Biologists’ investigation.                       B. Non-drinking parents.
C. Hard jobs, boredom and unhappiness.             D. Foster parents’ raising.
65. According to the findings of the study, who would be the most likely to become an alcoholic?  
A. A person who had a hard job.
B. A person who was born of alcoholic parents.
C. A person who was raised by drinking foster parents.
D. A person who was born of and raised by non-drinking parents.
66. According to the passage, what should the problem of alcoholism be treated as?
A. A psychological problem.
B. An environmental problem.
C. A biological problem.
D. An educational problem.

Hunting with birds is a very old sport. In some countries the golden eagle is used for hunting wild animals. They are used for hunting foxes and wolves.
Training an eagle to hunt takes a long time. Hunters catch young eagles in nets made of hair. After being trained the eagle is taken to a field. A blindfold over the bird’s eyes keeps it quiet until the hunter is ready.
The eagle sits in the arm of the hunter. The hunter’s arm is covered with a long, special glove to protect it from the sharp claws of the bird. In the field, as soon as the hunter sees a fox or a wolf, he removes the blindfold. The eagle quickly flies into the air and began to look for the wild animal.
The eagle sees the animal and catches it with claws like steel. Its beak and claws are strong enough to hold the animal. Usually, the bird carries the animal back to the hunter. Sometimes fast animals with good eyes can get away.
61.A hunting eagle is trained when_________.
A.it is still young          B.it is taken to a field
C.its eyes are covered with a blindfold
D.the hunter is ready
62.Hunters use nets made of hair to ________.
A.train young foxes     B.catch young wolves
C.train young eagles    D.catch young eagles
63.The trained eagle_______.
A.carries the hunter home
B.wears a blindfold when hunting an animal
C.is covered with a long, special glove
D.has strong claws like steel
64.A hunter wears a special glove to _______.
A.protect his arm from the sharp claws of a trained eagle
B.protect his arm from the sharp claws of a young fox
C.protect his arm from the sharp claws of a young wolf
D.protect his arm from the sharp claws of wild animals
65.According to the text, which of the following is true?
A.Fast animals with sharp eyes are sometimes difficult to catch
B.As soon as the blindfold is removed, the eagle flies into a tree
C.Hunters always blindfold young eagles before training them.
D.Sometimes hunters train young foxes they have caught.

Sleeping in on Saturday after a few weeks of too little shuteye may feel refreshing, but it can give a false sense of security.
New research shows long-term sleep loss cannot be cured that easily. Scientists researched the effects of short- and long-term sleep loss and found that those who suffer long-term sleep loss may function normally soon after waking up, but experience steadily slower reaction times as the day goes by, even if they had tried to catch up the previous night.
The research has important safety significances in an increasingly busy society, not just for shift-workers but for the roughly one in six Americans who regularly get six hours or less of sleep a night.
“We know that staying awake 24 hours without sleep will affect your performance to do all sorts of things, and this effect equals to drinking too much when driving,” said lead researcher Dr. Daniel Cohen of Boston’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital. But when those who suffer long-term sleep loss become all-nighters, “the harm is increased ten times,” Cohen said.
The National Institutes of Health says adults need seven hours to nine hours of sleep for good health. Regularly getting too little sleep increases the risk of health problems, including memory impairment and a weakened immune system. More immediately, too little sleep affects reaction times; sleepiness is to blame for car crashes and other accidents.
It has critically important complicated and unexpected results for anyone who works “crazy hours” and thinks they are performing fine with a few hours of weeknight sleep, said Harris, director at New York’s Montefiore Medical Center. “Don’t think you can just bank up your sleep on the weekend, because it doesn’t work that way,” he warned.
小題1:The text mainly advises people ______.

A．to sleep more time	B．to sleep in on Saturday
C．to sleep scientifically	D．to sleep little on weekend

小題2:People with long-term sleep loss ______.

A．are quicker in thinking	B．may feel refreshed soon after waking up
C．are surely energetic	D．can have a strong sense of security

小題3:What can we learn from the text?

A．Most of the Americans get six hours or less of sleep a night.

B．Staying up is worse for those who suffer long-term sleep loss.

C．Traffic accidents have little to do with sleepiness.

D．One in six Americans are all-nighters.

小題4:Which of the following is the immediate effect of long-term sleep loss?

A．Health problems	B．Immune system
C．Reaction times	D．Memory impairment

小題5:The underlined phrase “bank up” in the last paragraph most probably means ____.

A．pile up

B．pick up

C．add up

D．build up

D
Everyone knows you must exercise regularly to keep good health. Indeed, staying physically fit is a big part of our culture. we consider（or rightly so）that healthy people are attractive people. Since most of us want to be attractive, there is no shortage of exercise clubs, training videos, magazines and books offering to help us stay physically fit.
Unfortunately, however, our culture doesn’t place the same emphasis on mental fitness. Although we tend to like men and women with strong, healthy-looking bodies, we don’t have the same degree of respect or attraction for smart, educated, mentally healthy people. This is a pity, because there are great rewards for people who have developed the ability to think well.
If your mind is well trained and flexible, you will be able to understand a great deal of what happens around you. And if you are also well educated --- that is, if you understand basic science, mathematics, music, art, literature, history and so on --- you will find it much easier to make good decisions throughout your life. Over the long run, this leads to a sense of control over your destiny and a much better life than otherwise.
People who are poorly educated or who don’t think well --- that is, people who are not mentally fit --- see things differently. Their world is controlled by mysterious, often malevolent（惡意的）forces. Such people live within a system they will never master, forced to follow rules they will never understand. Although it may not be obvious, most spend their lives being manipulated（控制）by others. They are told what to do, what to think, how to spend their money, and what they should and should not aspire（渴望）to in life.
In my opinion, if you want to live well, you must be able to use your mind well. For this reason, I want you to be able to concentrate, to solve problems, to understand complex ideas, and to think clearly and quickly. Such skills will make it easier for you to make informed decisions, understand current events, choose good friends, manage your money well, make wise lone-term decisions and appreciate music, art and literature.
The key to developing such skills is to enjoy learning, and to have the ability and motivation to teach yourself.
63. The writer of the passage feel disappointed that ____.
A. too little has been done to help people to keep physically fit
B. too much has been done to help people to keep physically fit
C. mentally healthy people are not as popular as physically healthy people
D. physically healthy people are not as popular as mentally healthy people
64. The underlined word “this” in the 3rd paragraph means ____.
A. the understanding of a great deal of what goes on around you
B. the understanding of basic science and mathematics
C. good training in body and mind
D. being able to make good decisions in life
65. The writer of this passage thinks those who are not mentally fit ____.
A. live a poor and mysterious life   B. can’t control over their life
C. often do what others do        D. enjoy being fooled and ruled
66. The best title of the passage will most probably be ____.
A. Train Your Body                  B. Train Your Mind  
C. Make Informed Decisions       D. Think Hard and Work Hard

A study published Monday found that people who sleep less tend to be fat, and experts said it’s time to find out if more sleep will fight fatness.
“We’ve put so much emphasis on diet and exercise that we've failed to recognize the value of good sleep,” said Fred Turek, a physician at Northwestern University.
Monday’s study from Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk covered 1,000 people and found that total sleep time decreased as body mass index - a measure of weight based on height - increased.
Men slept an average of 27 minutes less than women and overweight and fat patients slept less than patients with normal weights, it said. In general the fatter subjects slept about 1.8 hours a week less than those with normal weights.
“Americans experience insufficient sleep and fat bodies. Clinicians are aware of the burden of fatness on patients,” the study said.
“Our findings suggest that major extensions of sleep time may not be necessary, as an extra 20 minutes of sleep per night seems to be associated with a lower body mass index,” it added.
“We caution that this study does not establish a cause-and-effect relationship between restricted sleep and fatness (but) investigations indicating success in weight loss via extensions of sleep would help greatly to set up such a relationship.”
The study was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine along with an editorial by Turek and Northwestern colleague Joseph Bass commenting on it and related research.
In an interview, Turek said some studies have shown sleep causes declines in an appetite suppressing protein hormone, and increases in another hormone that causes a longing for food. In addition neuropathies（神經療法）in the brain governing sleep and fatness appear to overlap（重疊）, he said.
Patness has been rising dramatically in developed countries and reached epidemic（流行�。� levels in the United States, it added, leading to a variety of health problems.
66. What’s the passage mainly about?
A. People who sleep less tend to get fat.
B. Fat people need lots of sleep to lose weight.
C. Sleeping has nothing to do with fatness.
D. Fatness has been rising dramatically in developed countries.
67. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Lack of sleep causes declines in a desire limiting protein hormone.
B. Americans experience sufficient sleep and fat bodies.
C. The findings suggest that major extensions of sleep time may be necessary.
D. Fatness has been rising dramatically in America.
68. Which of the following is NOT close to the underlined word suppress?
A. limit          B. restrict       C. accept         D. control
69. According to the passage, which of the following people is the lowest possible one to get fatness?
A. Americans      B. Chinese        C. Japanese       D. English
70. We can conclude the attitude of the author is           according to the passage.
A. worried        B. uninterested   C. critical       D. optimistic

The beet (甜菜) is a tasty root vegetable that does not require much work to grow. People think of beets as being always dark red，but they can also be pink，yellow or white. Beets are high in nutrients，and both the root and the tops can be eaten. The leaves make good salads when the plants are young，and the greens can be cooked when the plants are older. Beets grow best in full sun and in loose soil that is not too wet.
Remove stones from the soil while preparing the ground，and test it before adding fertilizer Beet seeds can be planted as soon as the soil can be worked at the start of the growing season. Planting them every two or three weeks will provide a continuous harvest into the fall. A beet seed is a fruit containing several seeds. Overcrowding the plants will mean that the roots cannot spread out and grow，so thin the beets by removing the smaller ones and using them as greens.
A specialist named Cindy Haynes says little or no fertilizer is needed in rich soils. Once the seeds are planted，however，she suggests covering the soil to protect it from the rain and during dry periods. She also suggests putting a fence around the plants to keep away rabbits and deer. She says the only work beets need once they have been thinned is weeding and， when the weather is dry，a weekly watering. For best results，beets should be picked when the roots are two and one-half centimeters around. Larger beets can be tough，and have to be cooked for a long time. Beets can be eaten in many ways.
60.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. How to test the soil.           B. How to plant beets
C. When to harvest beets.          D. When to plant beets.
61.Smaller beets are often removed in order to       .
A. give other beets space to grow    B. add more fertilizer to the soil
C. plant new seeds                D. use the green，young leaves in salads
62.What may the next part of the last paragraph be about?
A. When to pick beets.             B. How to eat beets.
C. The uses of beets.              D. The taste of larger beets.
63.The passage is most probably from a(n)     .
A. gardening book   B. education magazine   C. science report   D. entertainment magazine

Peanut allergies (過敏) are among the most common and most dangerous of food allergies. A tiny exposure to peanuts can mean big trouble for a person with a peanut allergy—not just sneezing or coughing，but something as potentially deadly as narrowing of the airways.
But a recent study suggests that some children may be able to beat back their allergic reactions to peanuts by gradually introducing trace amounts of the nut into their diets. It's too early to say for certain，so if you have a peanut allergy，do not try this at home. But the first results look promising.
Two teams of scientists have been experimenting on a group“of 29 children who are allergic to peanuts”At the beginning of the study，each kid received less than 1/1，000 of a peanut per day. (Imagine splitting a peanut into 1，000 parts!) Over the course of the study， the children gradually increased the amount of the peanut in their diets
Nine of the children have been receiving the treatment for two years，and five of those nine now appear to be free of their peanut allergies，and can eat peanuts with no problem. But the other four have not benefited so much from the therapy（治療）.
The two teams of scientists are now doing a follow-up study on two groups of children with the allergy. Children in one group will receive the new therapy，while the others will not. Researchers hope this study will help them learn if the therapy truly does work.
Scientists don't understand why some people get peanut allergies and others don't，but are trying to find a way to help people with the allergy. Because of the severity of some peanut allergies，scientists want to know the answer as soon as possible. “This is very encouraging， but remember，it's not something you try at home，”says one of the researchers.
68.According to the passage，the peanut allergy     .
A. can be deadly if only a small amount is used
B. causes a lot of trouble for many parents
C. allows people to eat only small amounts of peanuts
D. is considered the least common and dangerous food allergy
69.Scientists are trying to treat peanut allergies by     .
A. exposing children with the allergy to as many peanuts as possible
B. changing the eating habits of children with peanut allergies gradually
C. giving children Peanuts in slowly increasing amounts
D. exploring ways to resist the feelings caused by peanut allergies
70.The experiment shows that     . 
A. people with peanut allergies can't use small amounts of peanuts in their diets.
B. children are more easily cured than adults
C. all children can be cured of their peanut allergies if given more time of treatment
D. about 55-percent children with peanut allergies have been cured
71. Scientists are now doing a follow-up study in order to     .
A. explore why some people get the illness while others don’t
B. show whether peanut allergies can really be dangerous
C. check whether the therapy really works or not
D. explore whether the allergy can be cured without treatment

When people lose legs after accidents or illnesses, emergency care and artificial limbs（假肢）often allow them to walk again. Newts （蠑螈） in the same situation, on the other hand, can grow limbs back on their own! Scientists have known for a long time that certain animals can re-grow limbs, but they haven’t quite figured out how these creatures do it.
Researchers have now come up with some new ideas. Their work may give people the ability to re-grow lost limbs. The researchers started with two simple experiments：when you cut a newt’s leg at the ankle, only the foot grows back；when you cut off a leg at the very end, the whole leg grows back. In both cases, the re-growth begins with stem cells. Stem cells can develop into nearly any type of cell in the body.
How do a newt’s stem cells know when to grow only a foot and when to re-grow a whole leg?
This question relates to another mystery. In newt’s, a cut-off leg will grow back only if the nerve bundle（神經束）in it also grows back , but if something prevents the nerve bundle from growing, the stem cells at the wound won’t re-grow a new leg.
In its study, a British team focused on a protein called n-AG. When the team prevented nerves in a limb from growing, but added the n-AG protein to stem cells in the limb, the limb still re-grew. That protein seems to guide limb re-growth. People have proteins that are similar to n-AG. Further research into these materials may someday help human limbs recover by themselves.
40. In the experiments, the researchers cut off a newt’s foot or leg to find out _____.
A. what stem cells were                    B. whether they would grow back
C. how long it would take to re-grow    D. how they would re-grow
41. A newt will re-grow its leg if _____.
A. its ankle was cut off but the nerve bundle was good
B. its leg was cut off and the nerve bundle stopped growing
C. its leg was cut off and the nerve bundle could grow back
D. its ankle and the nerve bundle were cut off
42. What do the underlined words “these materials” refer to?
A. Nerve bundles and proteins.         B. Proteins similar to n-AG.
C. Stem cells and proteins.              D. Stem cells and nerve bundles.
43. The first sentence of the passage _____.
A. acts as a lead–in                      B. shows where researchers got their new ideas
C. states the author’s opinion           D. describes the result of researchers’ studies

B
Do you have a sore throat, a running nose and a headache? Do you keep coughing and sneezing? If you do, the chances are that you have a cold or perhaps flu — but which one? Although both colds and flu are caused by viruses, they are very different illnesses.
Colds, which usually last about a week, affect the nose most. They commonly cause a running nose and sneezing. Sometimes, they cause a headache, a cough and slightly aching muscles.
Flu is a much more serious illness and is caused by different group of viruses. People with flu usually get all the symptoms described above. However, they also get a high fever, a dry cough and much worse aching. Fever is one of the characteristic symptoms of the flu for all ages. The symptoms also last much longer. Sometimes they don’t disappear for at least two weeks.
Flu can be a deadly disease. The elderly, who are weaker and less healthy than most younger people, can die from flu. This is one reason why old people are advised to have a flu injection (預防針) before the start of winter when flu is most common. This injection is inexpensive and definitely worth it.
If you have a cold or flu, you must always deal with used tissues (紙巾)carefully. Don’t leave dirty tissues on your desk or on the floor. Someone else has to pick these up and viruses could be passed on. And finally, remember to cover your nose and mouth when you sneeze! You don’t want to see the small drop of liquids blown out of your nose and mouth when you sneeze, do you? Disgusting, eh? Now you can understand why it’s a good idea to cover your nose and mouth when you sneeze!
60. According to the passage, people with colds hardly get _______.
A. a headache               B. a high fever                     C. a running nose          D. aching muscles
61. In paragraph 4, we learn that _______.
A. flu injection can cause death                                 B. most old people die from flu
C. flu is most common in summer                             D. flu can kill old people easily
62. Dealing with used tissues properly is important because _______.
A. it helps keep your classroom tidy                          B. people hate picking up dirty tissues
C. it prevents the spread of colds and flu                       D. picking up lots of tissues is hard work
63. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Both colds and flu last the same time.                  
B. Both colds and flu can be prevented by injection.
C. Both colds and flu are caused by the same viruses. 
D. Both colds and flu have an aching symptom.

As AH1N1 flu continues to spread, experts from the World Health
Organization are calling for everyone to practice smart flu prevention
techniques. Besides washing your hands and getting enough sleep,
here are the other 7 ways to keep your body strong and your immune
(免疫) system ready to fight infection.

Avoid Contact with Sick People

Flu virus is spread when particles (微粒) blown into the air through a cough or sneeze reach someone else’s nose. So if you’re coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and then wash your hands, and if you have to be around someone who is sick, try to stay a few feet away from them and avoid physical contact.
Eat Immune – Boosting Foods
Keeping your body strong and ready to fight infection is important in flu prevention. Fatty foods can make you feel lazy, and make your immune system working in an inactive and compromised way. So stick with wholes grains, colorful vegetables, and vitamin – rich fruits.
Avoid Alcohol
In addition to being a mood calm and pleasant, alcohol is an immune restriction that can actually decrease your resistance to virus infections like AH1N1flu. So avoid alcohol to keep your immune system strong.
Drink Enough Water
Drink 8 – 10 glasses of water each day to wash out poisonous things from your system and maintain system in a good state,
Keep Physically Active
Adequate exercise – for example walking for 30 to 40 minutes 3 or 4 times a week – supports the immune system by increasing circulation, speeding the body’s oxygen – taking – in, taking away poisonous things through sweat, and releasing tension and stress. So get moving!
Be Careful of Surfaces
This is as much a mindfulness exercise as anything else. Be aware of what public surfaces you touch, when you’ve shaken hands with someone, or when you’re using something like a pen that others have recently used – and don’t touch your face until you’ve had a chance to wash your hands.
Know When to Get Help
AH1N1 flu can look like regular flu, so don’t feel like you necessarily are infected if you’re exhibiting flu – like symptoms. But do consult your doctor if your symptoms are severe.
64．Which of the following pictures is talked about in the passage?       

 
65．How can fatty foods affect a person?           .
A．They cause human’s immune system inactive
B．They help to keep one’s body strong
C．They are good for fighting infection
D．They are favorable for a calm mood
66．Drinking water and having enough exercise play the similar role in        .
A．increasing circulation                                     B．taking in  more oxygen
C．cleaning your system                                     D．reducing your pressure
67．What does the author strongly suggest in the last paragraph?         
A．Don’t touch your face!                                  B．Avoid using others’ pen!
C．Don’t fear getting infected!                         D．See a doctor if you’re seriously ill!