請認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。
注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在相應(yīng)題號的橫線上．
Communication Principles
How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate. "Every individual exists in a
continually changing world of experience of which he( or she) is the center". Many communication scholars
and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send
them. But every day we experience the centrality of ourselves in communication. A student, for instance, may
describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment:"I know my teacher doesn't like the fact that I don't agree with his opinions and that's why he gave me such a poor grade in that class."The teacher might say the opposite. Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person's view is wrong.
The concept of Self originates in communication. Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to
accept roles in response to the expectations of others. You establish self-image, the sort of person you believe
you are, by how others think of you. Positive, negative,and neutral messages that you receive from others all
play a role in determining who you are. Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process. Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people. In a more obvious way,
communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person
needs and expects when selecting messages to share. So, the communication begins with the self, as defined
largely by others, and involves others,as defined largely by the self.
Communication occurs almost every minute of your life. If you are not communicating with yourself
( thinking, planning, reacting to the world around you), you are observing others and drawing inferences from
their behavior. Even if the other person did not intend a message for you, you gather observations and draw
specific conclusions. A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message. A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you. A third person smiles ( perhaps
because of a memory of a joke he heard recently) and you believe that he is attracted to you. We are continually picking up meanings from others' behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them.
More often than not, you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you
did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement. You may have
made a joke out of your rude statement. Nonetheless, your comment remains both in the mind of the other
person and in your own mind. You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others. Communication
cannot be reversed(倒退), nor can it be repeated. When you tried to re-create the atmosphere, the conversation, and the setting, nothing seemed right. Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far
different results.
