If you saw another kid ride her bike too fast around a corner and fall down, you might ride your bike more slowly on that turn. Yes, we humans are very sensitive to others' mistakes. And the same is true for other animals. Animals mess up all the time. They might eat poisonous leaves, fall off a tree or let their prey (獵物) slip away. By watching others fail, an animal can avoid making the same mistakes, thus improving its chance of survival.

Scientists suspected that one part of the brain helps animals process information about others' errors. Cells in that part appear to become more active when a person sees someone else making a mistake. But researchers didn't know whether individual cells in this part of the brain play different roles in detecting errors.

To investigate the brain's response to errors in more detail, the researchers taught a game to two macaques, a type of monkey. One monkey could press a yellow or green button while the other watched. If the first monkey pressed the right button, the team gave both animals a treat. Every couple of rounds, the two monkeys switched roles. Meanwhile, the scientists monitored individual cells in the animal's brains.

When the first monkey messed up the game by pressing the wrong button, a group of cells in the second monkey's brain fired. But if the second monkey also made the wrong choice during its turn, some of the cells in that group didn't respond. Those unresponsive cells reacted specifically to mistakes made by others, not to the monkey's own mistakes.

Scientists believe other parts of the brain also might help people process information about another's errors. "You start to think about this other person and see things from his angle. " Ellen de Bruijn, told Science News. She studies the brain at the University of Leiden in the Netherlands.

1. According to Paragraph 1 , animals' ability to learn from others' mistakes ______.

A. used to be ignored by humans

B. ensures that they will never fail

C. is being lost because of humans

D. helps them to survive better

2.The underlined word "detecting" in Paragraph 2 probably means "______".

A. correcting B. making

C. sensing D. drawing

3. In the experiment mentioned, those unresponsive cells are only sensitive to ______.

A. the same buttons B. others' mistakes

C. one's own mistakes D. the monkey's brain

During the teenage years, hormonal (荷爾蒙的) changes lead to physical changes like rapid muscle growth, burst in height, and weight gain in both boys and girls. Take a look at the information and height and weight charts for teens presented in this article if the question “How much should I weigh for my age and height” is bothering you.

Average Height and Weight Charts for Teens

Faster growth in kids usually can be noticed at age 8. Genetic factors also determine the physical growth of a child. So, it is perfectly normal for two kids of the same age to have different weights and heights. The following figures should be used as guidelines only.

Ideal Body Fat Percentage

Fit men have 14% - 17% body fat.

Fit women have 21% -24% body fat.

Male athletes have 6% -13% body fat.

Female athletes have 14% - 20% body fat.

The ideal body fat percentage varies mainly according to age, sex and the physical activity of the individual. But it is a fat. So, it can be observed that other than the above mentioned factors, genetic factors also influence the body-fat rct that some female athletes have body fat as low as 10 % and some male athletes had lower than 4% body faatio.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

You may use the following formula to calculate your BMI:

As per SI Units (國際單位) : BMI = mass (kg)/[height (meters) ]2

Imperial (英制的) Units 1: BMI = mass (Ib. ) x703/[ height (in. ) ]2

Imperial Units 2: BMI = mass (Ib. ) x 4. 88/[ height (ft) ]2

Following conclusions can be derived from (得到) calculating the BMI:

1.According to the Average Height and Weight Charts for Teens, ____.

A. girls keep on growing taller during the teenage years

B. girls grow faster at the end of teenager years than boys

C. girls grow faster at the beginning of teenager years than boys

D. boys' average weight is always heavier than girls' during the teenage years

2. Which of the following statements about ideal body fat percentage is RIGHT?

A. Fit men have higher body fat percentage than fit women.

B. Male athletes have higher body fat percentage than fit men.

C. Female athletes have lower body fat percentage than male athletes.

D. Male athletes have much lower body fat percentage than female athletes.

3.After calculating the BMI, you can reach the conclusion whether ____.

A. your weight is normal

B. your hormone level is normal

C. your height is right for your age

D. your body fat percentage is ideal

4.If a boy is 1. 5 meters in height and weighs 68 kilograms, then he is ____.

A. normal B. obese

C. extremely obese D. Underweight

The Rugby (英式橄欖球) World Cup is currently being held in New Zealand. The tournament, due to finish on October 23, is living up to the famous English saying, “Rugby is a thug's (暴徒) game played by gentlemen. ”

The games are physically aggressive; the tackles (沖撞) on the pitch are brutal; but the end of each match is a civilized affair. Players shake hands and applaud each other. Of course, the other side to this saying is: "Football is a gentleman's game played by thugs. " Indeed, unlike soccer players, rugby players don't often question the referee's (裁判員) decisions or pretend to be injured when they are not.

“Football could learn a lot from rugby," said Brian Moore, a former England rugby player "The wonderful spirit of rugby is: there is a gentlemanly code to it. You play hard on the pitch, but you always respect your opponent..

Rugby is mainly played in Europe. Australia, New Zealand and parts of Africa. "It is more enjoyable to play than soccer because you are always involved in the game," said Peter, a Welsh rugby coach. "Rugby is also a far superior test of strength, stamina (耐力) and determination. "

Most professional rugby players are large, strong and weigh over 90 kilograms. People who play the sport need to be tough and be prepared to get hurt. Black eyes, broken bones, lost teeth and being knocked unconscious—all these are common injuries. Former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown is blind in one eye thanks to a rugby accident at school.

In England, children begin playing the game at school at the age of 8. When they enter high school, many begin to play full contact rugby. Children are taught to play for around one hour a week during their PE lessons. Most schools have a rugby team. Children who play for the school team are usually the sportiest kids, and are seen as brave and athletic.

1. What can be concluded from the first three paragraphs?

A. Football players are not real gentlemen.

B. There is a better spirit in playing rugby than football.

C. Football players are not as athletic as rugby players.

D. Brian Moore thinks that rules should be stricter in football.

2. According to the passage, Peter thinks ______.

A. rugby players pretend to be injured when they are not

B. rugby is not very popular in America and Asia

C. rugby makes people enjoy sports better than soccer

D. rugby needs players' strong will rather than strength

3.The example of Gordon Brown is mentioned in order to .

A. prove that playing rugby can earn people fame

B. explain why Gordon Brown is blind in one eye

C. support the point that rugby players often get hurt

D. warn teenagers against playing rugby at school

4.What can we infer from the passage?

A. Teenagers will lose interest in football.

B. English children have a talent for rugby.

C. Playing rugby doesn't involve skills.

D. Rugby is not suitable for everyone.

Here's a hotel worth writing something about: a company in Poland plans to build tourist accommodation under the sea. The structure can be dragged to a suitable location and placed on supports on the sea bed. The ‘Water Discus’ will be made up of an underwater disc containing 22 bedrooms with sea views, connected by lift and stairs to a disc above the surface containing other hotel facilities.

Project manager Robert Bursiewicz says: “Nowadays it's possible to build submarines ('潛艇) which go deeper than 500m below the sea surface, so building an underwater hotel is not a problem. ”

In fact, they don't plan to have the hotel very deep. Water acts like a filter (過濾器) for sunlight, and below 15m most colors, apart from blue, are washed out. And we all want to see colorful marine life, don't we?

But this isn't the first hotel to offer underwater views from the bedrooms. The two-bedroom Jules' Undersea Lodge, off the coast of Florida, has been taking in guests 10m beneath the surface since 1986.

The company that operates the hotel also runs a diving course for beginners to help get guests down and into the hotel. It is accessible only through an opening at the bottom.

And you'll find all the usual facilities in the room, according to Teresa McKirma, Jules's chief financial officer. It has a television, air conditioning and Wi-Fi. But for the staff, simple things like cleaning and making beds can be challenging, since the lodge is in sea water.

"It actually takes quite a lot of work to get anything down there," she says. "We have to put everything in waterproof boxes and attach weights to them to counter their buoyancy (浮力). "

The hotel has suitably sized waterproof boxes so that pizzas can be delivered by divers to guests who order them for their evening meal. And after a meal, if you can't sleep because of the excitement of the experience, you don't have to count sheep. You'll fall asleep quicker if you count fish.

1.According to the passage, the new hotel will ______.

A. contain three discs B. come into use soon

C. have a movable structure D. be built 500m beneath the surface

2.Why won't they plan to have the hotel very deep in the water?

A. They have financial problems.

B. They lack advanced technology.

C. They refuse to enjoy colorful life.

D. Most colors are washed out below 15m.

3. According to Teresa McKirma, ______.

A. entertainment is impossible in the hotel

B. the staff's work is difficult to finish

C. it's easy to get things down there

D. the built hotel is badly equipped

4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. Passengers can't enjoy their meals.

B. Passengers will feel fed up with the views.

C. Passengers have no choice but to count fish.

D. Passengers may get excited about the experience.

Even if you think that your parents are mean-spirited at times, loving your parents is a normal and fulfilling part of life. You love them for the fact that they created you, raised you, and are in part, a source of who you are. Here are some ways to love your parents..

1. A gentle "good morning" and "I love you" will warm a coldest heart.

Respect them more and cherish these moments. You can use these moments to learn from them, preparing yourself for when you're off on your own. It's OK to get angry but angry actions don't help you or your parents. Act calmly, cool off, write down your feelings, or talk to a friend. 2. .

Obey their requests. It will make your attitude better and earn you more respect from them. It may seem like you are going through hell when you don't get what you want or you have to clean. However, you had better remember they keep a roof over your head when it's cold, raining, snowing, or too hot. Understand that parents are human beings and make mistakes. 3. Since you can forgive your friends, why not forgive your parents?

Keep company with them. Do things with your parents like watching TV, or go somewhere with them.

4. Listen to their old stories and learn from them. You will find they are your teachers in this way or another.

Some people simply may not be able to love their parents. 5. Seek help if you are being abused in any way. Parents do not have a right to harm you.

A. Forgiveness is the key.

B. Tell them you love them every morning.

C. Parents will in turn express their love to you.

D. After this, share your feelings with your parents.

E. Anyway, spend as much time with them as you can.

F. Please remember parents are as important as friends.

G. There can be realistic reasons for this, family violence for example.

True leadership is not just the ability to identify the talent and skill of the polished individuals around you. It involves being able to dig beneath the surface and discover .

Once there was a boy who constantly sat and talked in his math class, and seemed in group activities. Most teachers would think of him as a problem student.

However, Anna was different. She believed the student was above in other areas so she created a strategy to find out.

Anna didn't the parents. Instead she organized a handful of activities in the class to get more information. In place of calling out for volunteers in class she created a for each Friday: Girls vs Boys.

The first week the class was totally . Everyone wanted to win. Even the boy had his hand up the whole time trying to get a turn. , Anna waited, and waited, and waited. Finally the teacher paired the boy with the most girl student in class.

Now the two teams had a score, all the students sat back eager to see the result. As the teacher placed the question on the board, most of the students began to their heads: this was a question they had never in class.

" !" the teacher yelled. Both students started doing it thinking of how to solve the complex question. Their classmates, full of , exclaimed, "Hurry, hurry, hurry!" The boy finished it just seconds before the girl and spun around with his raised, "I won!" Almost nobody could believe the student they admired failed until Anna the result.

This was what Anna tried to get it turned out that the student wasn't bad, he was .

So we can see that hidden abilities is not always easy but the end results can be magical. Try your hand at this quality of leadership now and report your results.

1.A．truthB.treasureC．potentialD．motivation

2.A．a(chǎn)ctiveB.cautiousC．discouragedD．disconnected

3.A．immediatelyB.appropriatelyC．a(chǎn)bnormallyD．scarcely

4.A．1imitB.averageC．prejudiceD．value

5.A．contactB.comfortC．warnD．blame

6.A．dilemmaB.debateC．gameD．competition

7.A．creativeB.noisyC．enthusiasticD．curious

8.A．YetB.StillC．SomehowD．Therefore

9.A．a(chǎn)rbitraryB.wiseC．ridiculousD．puzzled

10.A．elegantB.carelessC．hard-workingD．considerate

11.A．rareB.closeC．poorD．different

12.A．turnB.1iftC．shakeD．nod

13.A．raisedB.fearedC．overlookedD．covered

14.A．GoB.HurryC．LookD．Try

15.A．skillfullyB.slowlyC．casuallyD．a(chǎn)bruptly

16.A．a(chǎn)ngerB.anxietyC．courageD．excitement

17.A．a(chǎn)rmsB.hopesC．confidenceD．eyes

18.A．obtainedB.analyzedC．confirmedD．a(chǎn)djusted

19.A．upsetB.boredC．tiredD．spoiled

20.A．foreseeingB.assessingC．a(chǎn)ppreciatingD．recognizing

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Carl: Morning, Andy. How do you like the party last night?

Andy: Great. I really 1. (enjoy) myself there. It is a few years 2. I had such a good time. And you will never guess whom I met there. 3. was Keyeast.

Carl: You 4. be kidding me. You mean you met Keyeast, 5. one ever 6. (act) Du Minjun. Oh, no. I can't believe it. If I hadn't been so busy with my work last night, I must have met my idol. I couldn't be 7. (regretful) now.

Andy: Hey! Cheer 8. . He hasn't left Anyang yet. In addition, he mentioned that he was likely to attend the charity party 9. (hold) by our university next evening.

Carl: Wonderful! I couldn't wait to see him. He is the most handsome "god" I have ever seen. And you will go there with me then, won't you?

Andy:Why not? He is my idol, too. By the way, don't forget to take your camera, for you would never like to miss the chance to take 10. with him.

Carl: OK. I won’t.

假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(^)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。

修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意:1．每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;

2．只允許修改10處

Recently I have read an article in a magazine. It was about the mother who was worried about her son just because of he always kept his hair long. The mother thought that was not right, but the son felt there was nothing unusually about it. Different generations have different opinion on the same thing. That is what is meaning by "the generation gap". We can see them in our daily lives. Most of our parents like listening to old songs when young people prefer pop songs. Every time my father finds me listen to rock music, he always shouted, "Shut it off. It's awful!" How can we deal the generation gap?

假定你是李華，兩周前你從網(wǎng)上訂購了一套英語書蟲系列讀物（Bookworm Series），昨天才到貨，且包裝破損，數(shù)量不足。請就此向網(wǎng)店客服寫一封電子郵件投訴。要點(diǎn)如下：

1、介紹購物情況；

2、反映存在的問題；

3、提出解決方案。

注意：

1、詞數(shù)120左右；

2、可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3、電子郵件的開并沒有和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

To whom it may concern,

Looking forward to your reply!

Regards,

Li Hua

Shree Bose is one of the most impressive kids graduating from Fort Worth Country Day High School this year. Bose has a large circle of friends, and there’s one who you may have heard of: President Obama. He has twice publicly recognized her achievements in cancer research and spoken with her in the Oval Office.

If that isn’t enough, Bose recently gave a TED Talk about her work with the cancer drug Cisplatin, which also won her first prize at the Google Science Fair and recognition as one of Glamour magazine’s Young Amazing Women of the Year.

After watching her grandfather struggle with liver cancer, Bose was determined to help out in any way she could. As a high school student，though, her scientific choices were limited. She reached out to various hospitals and research centers, but doctors turned down her requests because they felt she was too inexperienced medically.

Only the North Texas Science Health Center respected her determination and chose to guide her. The results were amazing.

Bose chose to study a protein and its reaction with the cancer drug Cisplatin. She noticed that when she prevented this protein from growing, Cisplatin was allowed to begin destroying cancer cells once again.

“My project not only contributes to the understanding of the relationship between the protein and Cisplatin, but also suggests a newer, more effective treatment for patients who resist Cisplatin,” Bose said.

Bose’s achievements aren’t limited to the lab, though. She was also captain of her swim team and editor-in-chief of her school paper.

Bose is currently getting practical experience at the National Institute of Health and she’ll be attending Harvard in the fall. She plans to study molecular biology and go to medical school. Eventually, she would like to be a doctor.

1.President Obama has spoken with Bose because she ______.

A. gave a TED Talk recently

B. contributed to the cancer research

C. has a large circle of friends

D. is captain of her swim team

2.According to Bose’s research, ______ helps make Cisplatin work better.

A. stopping the protein from growing

B. destroying cancer cells timely

C. using the drug more frequently

D. making the protein react with the drug

3.From the passage, we know that _____.

A. Bose’s research was supported from the start.

B. Bose will study in the National Institute of Health.

C. Bose plans to become a doctor in the future.

D. Bose’s grandfather asked her to do cancer research.

4.The passage is mainly about _____.

A. a research on cancer drugs

B. a new effective cancer treatment

C. a doctor who has a promising future

D. a girl who did research on cancer treatment