One of the firms I applied to has offered me a job but I _____ my options open until I hear from the others.

A. have kept B. will have kept

C. am keeping D. keep

It is ______ that men and women should share the equal responsibility both at home and in the society.

A. in black and white B. child’s play

C. as easy as pie D. as plain as day

If someone spends his or her time, effort and money writing a book, for example, he or she deserves _______ for it.

A. paying B. to pay

C. having been paid D. being paid

Having proper motivation is not _______ —it is another key to success.

A. artistic B. enterprising

C. investigate D. optional

Sleep deprivation(缺失)is an important hidden factor in lowering the achievement of school pupils, according to researchers carrying out international education tests.

It is a particular problem in richer countries with sleep experts linking it to the use of mobile phones and computers in bedroom late at night. Sleep deprivation is such a serious problem that lessons have to be dragged down to a lower level to suit sleep-deprived learners, the study found. The international comparison, carried out by Boston College, found the United States to have the highest number of sleep-deprived students, with 73% of 9- and 10-year-olds and 80% of 13- and 14-year-olds identified by their teachers as being negatively affected.

In literacy(讀寫能力) tests there were 76% of 9- and 10-year-olds lacking sleep. This was much higher than the international average of 47% of primary pupils needing more sleep and 57% among the secondary age group.

Other countries with the most sleep-deprived youngsters were New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, Australia, England, Ireland and France. High-performing Finland is also among the most lacking in sleep. Countries with the best records for getting enough sleep include Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Portugal, the Czech Republic, Japan and Malta.

The analysis was part of the huge date-gathering process for global education rankings, the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study(TIMSS)and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study(PIRLS)

“I think we underestimate the impact of sleep. Our data show that across countries internationally, on average, children who have more sleep achieve higher in maths, science and reading. That is exactly what our data show,” says Chad Minnich of the TIMSS and PIRLS International Study Center.

“It’s the same link for children who are lacking basic nutrition,” says Mr Minnich, based at the Lynch School of Education, Boston College. “If you are unable to concentrate, to attend mentally, you are unable to achieve at your best level, because your mind and body are in need of something more basic. Sleep is a fundamental need for all children. If teachers report such large proportions of children suffering from lack of sleep, it’s having a significant impact. But worse than that, teachers are having to adjust their instruction based on those children who are suffering from a lack of sleep. The children who are suffering from a lack of sleep are driving down instruction.”

That means that even the children who are getting enough sleep are still suffering from this sleep-related lowering.

1. What did the researchers of Boston College try to find?

A. Why children don’t get enough sleep

B. How many hours children sleep every night

C. The relationship between sleep and test results

D. The relationship between sleep and health

2.Many children suffer from sleep deprivation because _________.

A. they sit in front of the TV for too long

B. they can hardly sleep soundly and deeply

C. their homework occupies too much of their time

D. modern technological devices consume a lot of their time

3.Which of the following countries has the most sleep-deprived students?

A. Japan B. Malta

C. Finland D. Portugal

4.Why are children who get enough sleep also victims?

A. Because they are disturbed by sleep-deprived students

B. Because teaching is driven down by sleep-deprived students

C. Because they have to spend time helping sleep-deprived students

D. Because the teachers waste time disciplining sleep-deprived students

書面表達

閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。

Once upon a time some tiny frogs held a competition. The first to reach the top of a very high tower would be the winner.

A big crowd gathered around the tower to see the race and cheer them on.

The race began. No one in the crowd really believed that any of the tiny frogs would reach the top of tower. “They will never get to the top! They will never succeed!” someone said.

One by one, the tiny frogs began to collapse (退下).

The crowd kept shouting, “It is too difficult! No frog will make it!”

More tiny frogs got tired and gave up, but one continued climbing, higher and higher. This one wouldn’t give up.

In the end, he was the only one left—the only one to get to the top. The other frogs naturally wanted to know: How did the frog make it？

One frog stepped forward to ask the winner. It turned out that the winner was deaf.

He had won because he was able to keep his own mind. He was able to keep trying. He couldn’t hear criticism; neither could he hear praise.

We learn a lesson from this story: don’t let others’ praise or criticism to hold you back on your way to succeed.

[寫作內(nèi)容]

(1) 以約30個詞概括寓言故事的大意。

(2) 然后以120個詞就“如何對待別人的批評和表揚”這個主題發(fā)表你的看法, 并包括如下要點：

1) 敘述著個寓言給你的啟示以及你對他人的批評和表揚的態(tài)度；

2 以事例說明他人的批評或表揚給你的感受和對你的影響；

3) 談?wù)勚袑W生應(yīng)該如何對待老師的批評和表揚。

[寫作要求]

(1) 可以使用自己或他人的故事, 也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容, 但不得直接引用原文中的句子；

[評分標準]

概括準確、語言規(guī)范、內(nèi)容合適、篇章連貫。

Buckingham Palace is where the Queen lives. It is the Queen’s official and main royal London home.

Buckingham Palace was originally a splendid house built by the Duke(公爵) of Buckingham for his wife. George IV began changing it into a palace in 1826. It has been the official London home of Britain’s royal family since 1837. Buckingham Palace is also an office and used for the administrative work of the royal family.

When the Queen is at home you can see her royal flag (the Royal Standard) flying from the flag pole on top of Buckingham Palace. The flag is divided into four equal parts. The first and fourth parts represent England and contain three gold lions waking on a red field; the second part represents Scotland and contains a red lion standing on a gold field; the third part represents Ireland and contains the gold coat of arms of Ireland on a blue field.

In flag protocol (禮儀), the Royal Standard which must only be flown from buildings where the Queen is present is supreme (至高無上的). It flies above the British Union Flag (the Union Jack), and other British flags. It never flies at half mast.

The guards of the Palace wear red jackets and tall, furry hats. When the first guards come on duty, there is a ceremony called the Changing of the Guard. A familiar sight at Buckingham Palace is the Changing of the Guard ceremony that takes place in the open space in front of it each morning.

The Palace has around 750 rooms, including 19 state rooms, 52 royal and guest bedrooms, 78 bathrooms, 92 offices, a cinema and a swimming pool. It also has its own post office and police station. About 400 people work at the Palace, including servants, chefs, footmen, cleaners, gardeners, electricians, and so on. More than 50,000 people come to the Palace each year as guests to dinners, receptions and Royal Garden Parties.

1. For whom was the original Buckingham Palace built?

A. The Duke of Buckingham. B. George IV.

C. The Duke of Buckingham’s wife. D. George IV’s wife.

2.According to the text, the Royal Standard_________.

A. is flown at Buckingham Palace every morning

B. represents the four countries of the UK

C. flies at half mast only on a few occasions

D. flies higher than the British Union Flag

3.When can a visitor see the Changing of the Guard ceremony?

A. Every morning and evening.

B. Every morning.

C. When the Queen’s flag is flying.

D. When a flag is flying at the Palace.

4.What is the last paragraph about?

A. What you can see inside Buckingham Palace.

B. The royal parties at Buckingham Palace.

C. The Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace.

D. People living and working at Buckingham Palace.

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Man: Good morning. Can I help you?

Woman: Yes. I 1. (admit) to the university last month, and now I’d like to try and arrange 2. (accommodate) in the hall of residence.

Man: Yes, certainly. Please sit down. What I'll do is fill 3. a form and make sure you 4. (full) understand what to expect.

Woman: Thank you.

Man: So first of all, can I take your name and date of birth?

Woman: It's Anu Bhatt. March 31st, 1992.

Man: And what will you be studying?

Woman: I'm doing a course in 5. (nurse).

Man: Right, thank you. And how long would you want to stay in hall, do you think?

Woman: Well, it'll take three years 6. I'd only like to stay in hall for two. I'd like to think about living outside for the third year.

Man: Fine. Do you want to cook for 7. or have all your meals 8. (provide), as we call full board?

Woman: Is there anything in between?

Man: Yes. You can choose to be provided only with evening meals, 9. is half board.

Woman: That's 10. I'd prefer.

Man: Yes, a lot of students go for that. Now, with that in mind, do you have any special diet, anything we should know about?

Woman: No red meat.

Man: Okay. That's all I need to know.

CANYOUMAGINEHOWHARDITWOULDBETOREADSENTENCESLIKES?

Every one of us gets so used to punctuation marks that not many of us give them a secondthought．Actually，the ancient Greeks wrote this way．The lack of punctuation marks probably didn’t bother good readers，though．As they read，they just put pauses where they fit best. Also at this time，sentences switched directions．A sentence read from leftto right．The next one read right to left，and then left to right again，etc．The ancient Romans sometimes punctuatedlike this：They put somethingthat can separate words in a sentence．The wordpunctuationactually comes from this idea andthe Latin word“punctum”which means a lot.

When the 5th century arrived，there were just twopunctuation marks：spaces and points．The spaces separated words while the points showed pauses in reading．Then in the 13th century，a printer named Aldus Manutius tried to standardize punctuation．He always used a period for a complete stop at the end of a sentence．He used a slash(／)toindicate a short pause．Over time．that slash was shortened and curled，and it became the modern comma(逗號)．

Since that time，other marks have enlarged the punctuation family．The exclamation mark(感嘆號)comes from the Latin word“io”．It means “exclamation of joy”.The question mark originally started out as the Latin word“questio”，meaning“question”．Eventually，scholars put it attheend of a sentence to show a question．

Punctuation even keeps changing nowadays．New marks are coming into existence，and old punctuation marks are used in new ways．Take for example the“interrobang”．This 1962 invention combines the question mark and exclamation mark for times when writers want both．For example．“She did what?!”or“How much did you pay for that dress?!”O(jiān)bviously,the interrobang is not widelyused or recognized yet，but its invention shows that English is not yet finishedwith its punctuation．

1.From the first paragraph，we can know that__________.

A．good readers had trouble reading without punctuation marks

B．a(chǎn) sentence always read from left to right in ancient Greece

C．a(chǎn)ncient Greeks switched the direction of punctuation marks

D．the use of punctuation marks can date back to ancient times

2.We can learn from the passage that___________．

A．a(chǎn)ncient Romans didn’t use any punctuation marks

B．exclamation and question marks came from Latin

C．spaces and slashes were already used before the 5th century

D．Aldus Manutiusfast started to use commas

3.What can be concluded from the last paragraph?

A．The combinationoftwo marks will not work.

B．It takes time for people to accept new punctuation marks．

C．Old punctuation marks need to be standardized．

D．Punctuation marks are still changing today．

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Sometimes willpoweris a lot like the television remote control hard to findjust when you want it most．1. But there are waysto increase your willpower．

Don’t try to change your economic situation，win a promotion and lose weight all on the same morning．Setone clear，specific goaland make a realistic plan toachieve it. Extrawillpower sometimes requires extra energy，so don’t spread yourself too thin．2.

Whatever your goal is，don’texpect to achieveit overnight．3. ，If you are trying to kick a coffee habit，start by replacing your morning cup of coffee with a glass of water,instead of promising never to drink coffee again．Congratulateyourself on the small achievements．These successes help your willpower grow．

4. Ask friends，family or colleagues for assistance and tell them exactly how they can help．If your credit card bills have risen，for instance，let friends now that you are cutting back on expenses．Suggest havinga common dinner instead of meetingat an expensive restaurant．Find support group or organization related to your goal and attend their meeting．Youcan get valuableadvice,understanding and information．

If possible，change your environment to encourage positive behavior．Want to get in shape?Keep a set of workout clothesinyour office as a reminder to stop by the gym on the way home. Quitting smoking? 5.

A．Real success takes time．

B．Focus on one goat at atime．

C．Change your environment to change your life．

D．Improve your willpower by a support network．

E．Changing your behavior requires more than willpower．

F．Avoid bars or restaurants where you might be attracted to light up．

G．Breaking a bad habit or forming a new and healthy one can be difficult．