9.The vast,rural stretches of the United States have,in many ways,defined the American spirit.Up until the 20th century,the majority of Americans lived in the countryside,in what's called"Middle America"or"the Heartland".
But research has shown that growing up in America's Heartland can put students at a disadvantage when it comes to their college education.This,in turn,can hinder (to make it difficult for something to develop or succeed )their social mobility.
A 2015study released by the US Department of Education investigated the gap between urban and rural college students,by concentrating on a group of high school graduates from Indiana.
US'national statistics had previously shown that only 27percent of rural students enroll in college,compared to 37percent of city kids.
What the study found was that urban and rural students left high school with similar academic backgrounds.Yet,the rural students were more inclined to settle for two-year colleges or less selective universities,even though they had the potential to attend to better schools.
The researchers say distance heavily influenced the students'decisions."The farther rural graduates'high schools were from colleges,the more likely rural graduates were to enroll in a two-year college or to‘undermatch'with a college,"the report read.Many of the rural students indicated that living close to family was a priority.
But the researchers also noted that resources were scarcer for the rural students.Selective universities tended to concentrate their recruitment efforts on dense,urban centers,where there were more students to meet.
A rural teen's educational opportunities may also depend on gender.Casey Quinlan,writing for The Atlantic,notes that rural women are more likely to marry sooner."Early marriage occurs most frequently among young adults with low educational background,"Quinlan said,citing a 2010study.
But the problem of social mobility isn't limited to the rural population.The United States has one of the highest rates of income inequality among developed nations.And by some measures,rural residents might have an advantage.
Stanford University's 2015Poverty and Inequality Report found that poverty was hardest to escape in the American South,and in places with high racial segregation.It concluded that urban areas actually"tend to have lower rates of social mobility than rural areas".
"The successful children growing up in rural areas do not just ‘move up' but also generally‘move out'.That is,they typically move to large metropolitan areas,often out of their state of birth,"the report explained.
Rural areas are also hoping to give their residents a boost up the social ladder.In Kansas,graduates can get 15,000 (95,297yuan) to pay off their student debt if they move to a rural county.They keep more money in their pockets and get to enjoy more economic freedom as a result.
74.What is the main reason that the rural graduates choose to enter two-year college or to‘undermatch'with a college?B
A.The graduates in the rural areas start a family as early as possible.
B.Many of the graduates regard living close to family as a priority.
C.A rural teen's educational opportunities may also depend on gender.
D.Most young adults with low educational backgrounds lose the chance easily.
75.The successful children growing up in rural areas do not just ‘move up'but also generally‘move out'Here‘move up'means that they canD.
A.enjoy luxury life like top class
B.develop themselves faster than ever
C.come into the top class of a college
D.climb to the top of the social ladder
76.From the research released by the US Department of Education,we know thatB.
A.the gender gap might hinder the development of the graduates in the rural area
B.the distance outweighs the academic backgrounds in graduates decision making
C.the social ladder gap might stop graduates from being enrolled into better colleges
D.the racial segregation stops the graduates in the rural area getting high salary
77.From what author has described in the last paragraph We can predict thatB.
A.the policy might encourage girls in the rural area marry earlier
B.the policy might attract more graduates to work in the rural area
C.the policy might make selective universities to focus on the rural area
D.the policy might make it easier for the graduates to develop better and faster.