Within a few short years, girls in Europe have be－come heavier smokers than boys according to a
British study presented (遞交) last week to an international conference on smoking.
     Antismoking activists (積極分子) at the second Tobacco or Health conference in the Canary Islands
pointed out that while adults were giving up smoking in ever growing numbers, more and more young
people were taking up the habit, particularly girls.
     One in four 15-year-olds is a regular smoker, according to a study made in 27 countries in Europe
and the United States, Canada and Israel-by Edinburgh University together with the World Health
Organization.
     In Western Europe, girls were more likely than boys to smoke. In Germany or in England, one third of
the girls were smokers compared to one in four boys. In Eastern Europe, the girls "still fall behind" those in the Western Europe, but were "catching up" quickly, said the study.
     The study dealt with the behavior of 15-year-olds in seven European countries over four-year period
between 1986 and 1998.
     The percentage of young women smoking went from 17 percent to 36 percent in Austria, from 17
percent to 28 percent in Norway, from 21 percent to 28 percent in Hungary.
     In the seven countries and regions-Austria, Fin－land, Hungary, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and
Wales-more girls smoked than boys in 1998, with the exception of Hungary.

1. The study was made by ______.

A. Edinburgh University
B. the World Health Organization
C. Oxford University
D. Edinburgh University and the World Health Or－ganization

2. The country where the number of young women smokers increases fastest is ______.

A. Norway
B. Austria
C. Hungary
D. Sweden

3. The main idea of the passage is to ______.

A. introduce something about girl smokers in Europe
B. report something interesting happened in England
C. describe the present condition of Europe smokers
D. warn young people around the world against smoking

     The city can seem a cold, mean place. In the middle of so many people hurrying about their own
business, a person can feel alone among the millions of others.
     There is a popular view that in cities, strangers are less likely to help an elderly person cross a street or call the police when they see a bike being stolen. Recently, a New Yorker named Casey Neistat did an
experiment. He chained up his bike in several public places, then "stole" it in a number of obvious ways,
such as using a hacksaw (鋼鋸). He filmed everything to see whether other New Yorkers would try to
stop a shameless bike theft. The result? People just walked on by.
     Is this evidence of an immoral, selfish urban society? Not necessarily. According to another recent
study, the way city people mind their own business is about other factors besides morality (道德).
     This is called the Bystander Effect, the theory that city people do not react because of the urban
enviromnent they live in.
     Psychologist Dr. Harold explained why people did not involve themselves in Neistat's bike theft
experiment with the Bystander Effect.
     First, people who live in cities are surrounded by so much activity that they stop noticing what is going
on around them. Second, they are less easy to surprise and assume every activity has a logical explanation.
     "The third is that people notice it, but they don't know what to do," he continued. "And the fourth is fear they know they should do something, but they're afraid to challenge someone with a hacksaw." A lack of
concern is only a small reason why people don't take action, concludes Dr. Harold.
      Despite the results of Neistat's experiment, there is also evidence of a sense of team spirit that connects people in cities. All it takes is a funny joke or a shared interest to start a conversation with someone at a
bus stop. When city folk are in trouble, they come together for support - famously in New York on
September 11, 2001.
     City society is different, but that doesn't mean it's cold or mean - it just means it's busy!

1. Casey Neistat fihned everything in the experiment with the purpose of  _____.    
A. proving that he was not the thief                                            
B. telling people that bike theft was immoral                                  
C. finding out who had a sense of right and wrong                              
D. making his experiment well-known to the public                              
2. We can infer from the third paragraph that morality _____.                        
A. can partly explain a selfish urban society                                  
B. is what our society should pay special attention to                          
C. is the only factor that leads to a selfish urban society                    
D. is the root of the Bystander Effect mentioned in the passage                
3. The underlined part September 11, 2001 in Paragraph 9 serves as_____.              
A. a reminder of the sad memories                                              
B. a way to prove Dr Harold's Bystander effect                                  
C. evidence that city life can be really dangerous                              
D. an example to show team spirit connecting city people                        
4. As can be inferred from the passage, the writer probably_____.                    
A. criticizes the loss of morality in urban society                            
B. feels sad about the result of Neistat's experiment                          
C. thinks city people are too busy to care about others                        
D. disagrees that city life sometimes can be cold and mean                      

     Now we’re always hearing about road accident, and when we’re in a car we try to drive carefully, but how many of us take the same degree of care in our homes? Any large hospital will tell you the number of
the accidents that happen in the home is almost the same as those on the road.
     One of the commonest and most dangerous causes of home accidents is wrong and careless use of
electrical equipment. People will continue to use a loose plug or pull out a plug without first turning off the
 power. In spite of warnings, one will carry an electric heater into the bathroom when he is going to have a bath. Sometimes one forgets to cut off the power before mending a lamp or something else. All this will
cause accidents. So the rule about anything that work by electricity is: Switch off before you touch
anything and don’t pretend you know when you actually don’t.
      If you’ve got children in the house, it's always best to keep medicines of any kind out of their reach.
Otherwise, they may be taken for candies or a new kind of drink. When there are older people living with you, you have to take particular care in a number of ways in order to make them safe and happy.
     Fire, of course, is always a risk. So, remember not to dry clothes in front of fires, or leave stoves in the middle of rooms where they can easily be knocked over. And don’t forget to keep the children away from fire. Smoking, too, may cause fire. So you’d better give it up. Safety first may mean a little more time and
care, but it may save you a lot of trouble.