Dorothea Dix left home at an early age—of her own free will—to live with her grandmother.

At fourteen, Dorothea was teaching school at Worcester, Massachusetts. A short time after she had begun teaching, she set up a school for young girls in her grandparents’ home. Stress was placed on moral character at Dorothea’s school, which she conducted until she was thirty-three.

She was forced to give up teaching at her grandparents’ home, however, when she became ill a few years of inactivity followed.

In 1841 Dorothea began to teach again, accepting a Sunday school class in the East Cambridge, Massachusetts prison. Here she first came upon insane people (精神病人) locked up together with prisoners.

In those days insane people were treated even worse than prisoners. There were only a few madhouses in the entire country. Therefore prisons, poor houses, and houses of correction were used to keep the insane.

Dorothea Dix made a careful investigation of the inhuman treatment of the insane. It was considered unfeminine (不適合) for a woman to devote herself to such work at this time. But this did not stop Dorothea Dix from providing proper medical care for the insane.

Gradually, because of her investigations, conditions were improved. More than thirty mental institutions were founded or rebuilt in the United States because of her hard work. Dorothea also spread her investigations to England and to other parts of Europe.

During the Civil War, Dorothea served as superintendent (負責) of women hospital nurses in the Union army. When the war was over, she returned to her work of improving conditions for insane people.

This article is mainly about ________.

social problems of the nineteenth century

how Dorothea Dix got her education

how Dorothea Dix devoted herself to education

how Dorothea Dix devoted herself to the work of improving conditions for insane people

How did Dorothea Dix first realize the mistreatment of insane people?

Her grandmother treated the mistreatment of insane people.

She worked in an insane hospital as a young woman.

She taught Sunday school in a prison.

She was asked to investigate the problem.

The author implies Dorothea Dix’s work with the insane was interrupted because of ________.

A. an illness       B. the Civil War      C. her trip to England      D. her grandmother’s death

How are the events of Dorothea Dix’s life presented in the passage?

A. In space order.                      B. In time order.

C. In alphabetical (字母的) order.         D. From greatest to least important.

You want something you can’t get by behaving within the rules, and you want it badly enough you’ll do it regardless of any guilt or deep regret, and you’re willing to run the risk of being caught. That’s how Ladd Wheeler, psychology professor at the University of Rochester in New York, defines cheating. Many experts believe cheating is on the rise. "We’re suffering a moral breakdown," Pinkard says. "We’re seeing more of the kind of person who regards the world as a series of things to be dealt with. Whether to cheat depends on whether it’s in the person’s interest." He does, however, see less cheating among the youngest students. Richard Dienstbier, psychology professor at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, believes that society’s attitudes explain much of the increase in cheating. "Twenty years ago if a person cheated in college, that is extremely serious, he will be dropped for a semester if not kicked out permanently," he says. "Nowadays, at the University of Nebraska, for example, it is the stated policy of the College of Arts and Science that if a student cheats in an exam, the student must receive an "F" on what he cheated in. That’s nothing. If you’re going to fail anyway, why not cheat? Cheating is most likely in situations where the interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low," says social psychologist Lynn Kahle of the University of Oregon in Eugene.

1. The passage focuses on ________.

A. making the reader believe that cheating is immoral       

B. discussing the reasons for cheating

C. describing how students cheat in exams                       

D. suggesting how to control cheating

2. Cheating tends to occur in all the following situations except when ________.

A. one wants something badly             B. one can’t get something in a right way

C. it is not very likely to be found out       D. a series of things have to be dealt with

3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. It is forgivable to cheat unless money is involved. 

B. There has been an increase in cheating.

C. Most cheaters are college students.                       

D. Cheaters do not feel guilty and regretful.

4. What can be inferred from the passage?

A. Cheating is widespread because society is too understanding.

B. Cheating is the result of heavy pressure.

C. Cheating is cheating, whether in a test or on any other occasions.

D. Cheating comes together with civilization

Camp memories last forever! We make sure they are unforgettable!

Shadow Ridge Summer Camps offer so many exciting things for campers to do. Unlike other camp programs that include horses as a small part of their program, at Shadow Ridge horses are the program! We are 100% horse from stable(馬廄) management, nature walks, and track rides to bedroom furnishings.

Horses help us achieve many of our aims. Girls can learn to develop responsibility, self-confidence and personal connections in their lives while having fun. Using horses as a wonderful tool for education, our camps offer an interesting place for growth and learning.

Imagine each girl having her very own horse to spend time with and a best friend to love and take care of. Each camper is responsible for a horse for the week. Our riding program provides a lot of riding and lesson time. Campers will learn how to take care of the horse and the tack(馬具), as well as how to ride. Days are filled with horse-related activities to strengthen the connection between each girl and horse, as the girls learn to work safely around the horses.

At Shadow Ridge we try to create a loving, caring family atmosphere for our campers. We have “The Bunkhouse”(4 girls), “the Wranglers Roost”(4 girls), and “The Hideout”(2 girls) in our comfortable 177-year-old farm house. All meals are home cooked, offering delicious and healthy food for the hungry rider.

Our excellent activities create personalized memories of your child's vacation. Each child will receive a camp T-shirt and a photo album (usually 300-500 pictures) of their stay at camp.

Our camps are offered during June, July and August 2007, for small groups of girls aged 13-16 years, not only from Canada but also other parts of the world.

We will send you full program descriptions at your request.

11. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To attract people to the camps.                            

B. To talk about camping experiences.

C. To describe the programs of the camps.         

D. To explain the aims of the camps.

12. What do we know about the camp programs at Shadow Ridge?

A. Campers are required to wear camp T-shirts.

B. Horses play a central role in the activities.

C. Campers learn to cook food for themselves.

D. Horse lessons are offered all the year round

13. The programs at Shadow Ridge mainly aim to help people        .

A. understand horses better                        B. enjoy a family atmosphere

C. have fun above other things                   D. achieve an educational purpose

14. Which one of the following isn’t mentioned in the passage?

A. The time of the camping.                       B. The cost of the camping.

C. The advantages of the camping.                     D. The effect of the camping.

15. The passage is written mainly for        .

A. horse riders B. teenage girls  C. Canadian parents D. international travelers

The question of what children learn, and how they should learn, is continually being debated and redebated. Nobody dares any longer to defend the old system, the learning of lessons parrot-fashion, the grammar-with-a-whip system, which was good enough for our grandparents. The theories of modem psychology have stepped in to argue that we must understand the need of children. Children are not just small adults; they are children who must be respected as much.

Well, you may say, this is as it should be, a good idea. But think further. What happens? "Education" becomes the responsibility not of teachers, but of psychologists (心里學家). What happens then? Teachers worry too much about the psychological implications (暗示) of their lessons, and forget about the subjects themselves. If a child dislikes a lesson, the teacher feels that it is his fault, not the child’s. So teachers worry whether history is "relevant" to modern young children. And do they dare to recount stories about violence? Or will this make the children themselves violent? Can they tell their classes about children of different races, or will this encourage racial hatred? Why teach children to write grammatical sentences? Verbal expression is better. Sums? Arithmetic? No: Real-life mathematical situations are more understandable.

You see, you can go too far. Influenced by educational theorists, who have nothing better to do than to write books about their ideas, teachers leave their teacher-training colleges filled with grand, psychological ideas about children and their needs. They make elaborate, sophisticated (精致的，復雜的) preparations and try out their "modem methods" on the long-suffering children. Since one "modem method" rapidly replaces another the poor kids will have had a good bellyful by the time they leave school. Frequently the modem methods are so sophisticated that they fail to be understood by the teachers, let alone the children; even more often, the relaxed discipline so essential for the " informal" feelings the class must have, prevents all but a handful of children from learning anything.

8. People do not dare defend the old system mainly because under the old system________.

A. too much grammar was taught to children     B. children were spoiled (寵壞)

C. children were treated as grown-ups          D. children were made to learn passively(被動的)

9. What view do the modem psychologists hold?

A. Children must be understood and respected.

B. Children are small adults and know what they need.

C. Children are better off without learning lessons.

D. Education of children is the responsibility of psychologists.

10. What happens when teachers pay too much attention to the psychology of their lessons?

A. They find that the children dislike the lessons.

B. They tend to blame students for their failure.

C. They do not pay enough attention to the actual lessons.

D. They no longer want to teach children history.

11. Grammatical sentences are regarded as unimportant because ________.

A. it is better to use verbs only

B. words are said out of natural feelings only

C. talking freely and naturally without sentences is a better form of expression

D. it is felt that formal grammar rules might cause unnatural expressions

12. According to the passage, the modern methods are understood by ________.

A. neither teachers nor pupils      B. only a handful of teachers and pupils

C. the more sophisticated teachers  D. everyone who enjoys the relaxed discipline of the informal classes

It is not unusual to see your desk-mate yawn (打呵欠) as he complains that he didn't have a good sleep the night before. Many teens don't get enough sleep because they have too much homework, which keeps them up at night. Some teens cannot sleep at night even when they want to.

Studies show that during your teenage years, the body's biological clock is reset, telling you to sleep later at night and wake up later in the morning.

But changes in the body clock aren't the only reason teens lose sleep. Lots of people have insomnia (失眠). The most common cause of insomnia is stress. But all sorts of things can lead to insomnia. These include physical discomfort, emotional troubles and even sleeping environment. It's common for everyone to have insomnia from time to time. But if it lasts for a month or more go and see a doctor.

Some people have a condition that causes stomach acid (酸) to move backward towards the chest. This produces the uncomfortable, burning feeling called heartburn. So even if the person doesn't notice the feelings of heartburn because he is sleeping, he may feel tired the next day.

Most teens have nightmares sometimes. But, if they are frequent, a person's sleep pattern can be seriously affected. The most common cause of nightmares is emotional problems, such as stress (壓力) or anxiety. If you have them a lot, it's a good idea to talk to a doctor.

Doctors encourage teens to make lifestyle changes to develop good sleeping habits. You probably know that coffee can keep you awake, but did you know that playing video games or watching TV does the same?

1. The main idea of the first paragraph is ________.

A. There is a problem that teenagers can’t get enough sleep.

B. Sleeping problems have different causes.

C. Yawning is a good way to get rid of sleep.

D. Teenagers care too much for homework.

2. The Teenagers’ biological clock ________.

A. easily makes teenagers lead to insomnia

B. is the origin of their insomnia

C. provides them with plenty of time at night

D. is helpful to improve their concentration(注意力)

3. What does the writer say about “nightmares”?

A. It is nothing and shouldn’t be taken seriously.

B. It can release their stress or anxiety.

C. Emotional problems are the only way to form nightmares.

D. People will suffer from sleep if frequent.

4. Which way can help to get rid of insomnia?

A. Drinking some coffee before going to bed.

B. Playing video game or watching TV from time to time.

C. Turning to a doctor for help.

D. Eating much medicine for insomnia.

Material Girl no more? Madonna says writing children’s books is more satisfying than being a movie star.

Her book, The English Roses, wen t on sale on September 15th, appearing in 100 countries and in 30 languages as the first in her series of tales for children. The pop diva (女歌唱家), whose only book until now was the 1992 photo essay titled “Sex”, said she wrote the books to teach children some of the life lessons she’s learned over the years.

“The most fun that I’ve had of all the things I’ve done successfully has been to write these books. A lot of it has to do with the fact that I’m not doing it to become more famous, and I’m not doing it to become richer. I’m doing it because I want to share something I know with children.”

Hours after its release, the 43?page book was already No. 3 on Amazon, com’s sales list. The first print is 1 million copies worldwide, with more than 750,000 in the United States. The English Roses is about a friendship shared by four girls and their mutual (共同的) envy of a beautiful classmate, with illustrations (插圖) by fashion artist Jeffrey Fulvimari.

“There is one life?giving force in the world,” Madonna declared. “When we disconnect from this lifegiving force, that’s when we bring pain and suffering into our lives. Each of the stories has to do with different ways you disconnect from God. ”Madonna also said she was deeply affected by the experience of raising two children, Lourdes, 6, and Rocco, 3. The English Roses is the latest among a growing number of celebrity?written children’s books.

The next book in the series, “Mr Peabody’s Apples,”will be out in November.Each tale is set in a different time and  place and has new characters and different illustrators.

1.How many books does Madonna’s series of tales include?

A.At least 3.             B.4.             C.At least 2.               D.6.

2.According to the idea of Madonna, the underlined phrase “l(fā)ife-giving force”in Paragraph 5 refers to       .

A.The English Roses.      B.God            C.Mr Peabody’s Apples.   D.her life

3.When Madonna said writing children’s books was more satisfying than being a movie star,she meant that        .

A.she was more satisfied with her writing children’s books

B.she was more satisfied as a movie star       C.being a movie star was not really successful

D.she was not a Material Girl any more

4.According to the passage,Madonna wrote the book The English Roses in order to        .

A.provide children with fun                       B.teach children some life lessons

C.teach children how to become famous             D.share her success with children

The Queen’s English is now sounding less upper-class, a scientific study of the Queen’s Christmas broadcasts had found. Researchers have studied each of her messages to the Commonwealth countries since 1952 to find out the change in her pronunciation from the noble Upper Received to the Standard Received.

   Jonathan Harrington, a professor at Germany’s University of Munich, wanted to discover whether accent (口音) changers recorded over the past half century would take place within one person. “As far as I know, there just is nobody else for whom there is this sort of broadcast records,” he said.

He said the noble way of pronouncing vowels (元音) had gradually lost ground as the noble upper-class accent over the past years. “Her accent sounds slightly less noble than it did 50 years ago. But these are very, very small and slow changes that we don’t notice from year to year.”

“We may be able to relate it to changes in the social classes,” he told The Daily Telegraph, a British newspaper. “In 1952 she would have been hears saying ‘thet men in the bleck het’. Now it would be ‘that man in the black hat’. And ‘hame’ rather than ‘home’. In the 1950s she would have been ‘lorst’, but by the 1970s ‘lost’.”

The Queen’s broadcast is a personal message to the Commonwealth countries. Each Christmas, the 10-minute broadcast is put on TV at 3 pm in Britain as many families are recovering from their traditional turkey lunch. (傳統(tǒng)火雞午餐).

The results were published (發(fā)表) in the Journal of Phonetics.

The Queen’s broadcasts were chosen for the study mainly because ______.

A.she has been Queen for many years     B. she has a less upper-class accent now

C.her speeches are familiar to many people D.her speeches have been recorded for 50 years

Which of the following is an example of a less noble accent in English?

A. “duaty”        B. “citee”          C. “hame”        D. “l(fā)orst”

We may infer from the text that the Journal of Phonetics is a magazine on _______.

A. speech sounds   B. Christmas customs   C. TV broadcasting   D. personal messages

What is the text mainly about?

A. The relationship between accents and social classes.

B. The Queen’s Christmas speeches on TV.

C. The changes in a person’s accent.

D. The recent development of the English language.