“The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful,” says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses(沖動(dòng)) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral(道德) freedom.

A single angry word has lost many friends. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. “Whoever the gods would destroy they first make them mad.” “Keep cool,” says Webster, “anger is not argument.” “Be calm in arguing,” says George Herbert, “for fierceness(狂怒) makes error a fault.”

To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. “Anger,” says Pythagoras, “brings with folly and ends with regret.” You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him.

Self-control is man’s last and greatest victory.

If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also.

1. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. The importance of self- control.   B. How to conquer oneself?

C. The relation between a man’s moral freedom and his feelings.

D. A man should keep cool.

2. What’s the meaning of “whoever the gods would destroy they first make them mad”?

A. If you are mad, the gods will kill you.

B. If you lose your temper first, gods will kill you first.

C. If you can’t control yourself, you will be crazy.

D. If the gods want to kill you, they will make you mad first.

3. Which of the following is NOT true, according to passage?

A. The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself.

B. You will make a small mistake serious if you don’t keep cool.

C. You must measure a man’s strength by the power of the feelings which conquer him.

D. Anger brings with folly and ends with regret.

4. Which of the following can’t help you avoid anger, according to the passage?

A. Be calm in arguing.      B. Check your temper or anger by speaking low.

C. Keep your mouth shut.   D. Try to make the other angry first.

“Children who eat less salt and drink fewer sugar-sweetened soft drinks may significantly lower their risks of obesity,” researchers recently reported in the journal Hypertension.

“Sugar-sweetened soft drinks are a significant source of calorie intake in children,” said Feng J. He, a researcher at St George’s University of London, England. “It has been shown that sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption is related to obesity in young people.” They wanted to know whether there is a link between salt intake and sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption.

Dr He and colleagues analyzed data from a 1997 national survey of more than 2,000 people between 4 and 18 in Britain. “We found that children eating a lower-salt diet drank less fluid,” said He. “From our research, we estimated that 1 gram of salt cut from their daily diet would reduce fluid intake by 100 grams per day.”

The researchers also found that children eating a lower-salt diet drank fewer sugar-sweetened soft drinks. From their research, they predicted that reducing salt intake by 1 gram each day would reduce sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption by 27 grams per day, after. “If children aged 4 to 18 cut their salt intake by half, there would be a decrease of about two sugar-sweetened soft drinks per week per child, so each child would decrease calorie intake by almost 250 kilocalories per week,” Dr He said.

In previous studies, researchers found that a low-salt diet lowers blood pressure in children, and prevents the development of high blood pressure later in life. “Both high blood pressure and obesity increase the risk of having strokes and heart attacks,” Dr He said.

Dr He recommends that parents check labels and choose low-salt food products. “Small reductions in the salt content of 10 to 20 percent cannot be detected by the human salt taste receptors (感受器) and do not cause any technological or safety problems,” Dr He said.

According to the passage, obesity is directly linked to ______.

A. high-salt foods     

B. sugar-sweetened soft drinks

C. high blood pressure   

D. strokes and heart attacks

Compared with previous studies, the recent one found that ______.

A. a lower-salt diet may mean less sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption

B. a low-salt diet keeps children out of high blood pressure

C. children face the risk of having strokes and heart attacks

D. low-salt food products do not do harm to people’s health

Which of the following statements would Dr He agree to?

A. The less salt people eat, the healthier people become.

B. Children should reduce fluid intake in their daily life.

C. No high-salt food products will be available in shops.

D. A low-salt diet may prevent both high blood pressure and obesity.

After reading the passage, who should take effective action?

A. Children.   B. Parents.   C. Doctors.   D. Researchers.

Dear all,

Please read Professor Hume's email about his next lecture on Rosa Parks.

Susan Miller 

Secretary

＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊Dear Susan,

Please forward this message to students of my history class.

Besides the life story of Rosa Parks in the textbook, the students are also required to read the passage below and some related stories that can be borrowed from the school library.

Ted Humew*

The early experiences of Rosa Parks(1913-2005), long known as the “mother of the civil rights movement,” were not different from those of many African-Americans at that time. The black woman, however, turned the course of American history in December 1955 when she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. “By sitting down,” remarked John Lewis, “she was standing up for all Americans.”

Among the numerous awards Parks received in her life were the Presidential Medal of Freedom(1996) and the Congressional Gold Medal(1999).

Parks died on Oct. 24, 2005. At St. Paul A. M. E. Church in Montgomery, a large crowd including Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice celebrated her life. Rice said she and others, who grew up when the political activities of Parks held public attention, might not have realized her impact(影響) on their lives, “but I can honestly say that without Mrs. Parks, I probably would not be standing here as Secretary of State.”

After her casket(靈柩) was placed at the Capitol, U. S. President Bush, members of Congress and ordinary Americans paid their respects. In American history Parks is the first woman to lie in state at the Capitol, a very high regard usually reserved for Presidents of the United States.

1. What is the main purpose of Susan’s email?

A. To make arrangements for Professor Hume's class.

B. To introduce to the students Rosa Parks.

C. To help the students organize a lecture

D. To answer Professor Hume's last email.

2. What does the underlined word “forward” mean?

A. Explain.           B. Send.               C. Take.                D. Read.

3. The political impact of Rosa Parks lies in the fact that she ______.

A. helped Condoleezza Rice achieve political success

B. joined the civil rights movement at a young age

C. made racial equality a common value in American society

D. set a good example in her early life for other black Americans

4. How was Rosa Parks treated after her death?

A. She was named “mother of the civil rights movement. “

B. She was received by President Bush at the Capitol.

C. She was given the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

D. She was honored to lie in state at the Capitol.

5. Which of the following statements about Rosa Parks is wrong？

A. Rosa Parks was once forced to give up her seat to a white man on a bus.

B. Parks received numerous awards in her life, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal.

C. Parks died at the age of 92.

D. Rosa Parks won respects both ordinary Americans and members of Congress.

If you were to walk up to Arthur Bonner and say, “ Hey, Butterfly Man,” his face would break into a smile. The title suits him. And he loves it.

Arthur Bonner works with the Palos Verdes blue butterfly, once thought to have died out. Today the butterfly is coming back — thanks to him. But years ago if you’d told him this was what he’d be doing someday, he would have laughed, “ You’re crazy.” As a boy, he used to be “ a little tough guy on the streets”. At age thirteen, he was caught by police stealing. At eighteen, he landed in prison for shooting a man.

“ I knew it had hurt my mom,” Bonner said after he got out of prison. “So I told myself I would not put my mom through that pain again.”

One day he met Professor Mattoni, who was working to rebuild the habitat for an endangered butterfly called El Segundo blue.

“I saw the sign ‘Butterfly Habitat’ and asked, ‘How can you have a habitat when the butterflies can just fly away?’” Bonner recalls. “Dr. Mattoni laughed and handed me a magnifying glass(放大鏡) , ‘Look at the leaves.’ I could see all these caterpillars(蝴蝶的幼蟲(chóng)) on the plant. Dr Mattoni explained, ‘Without the plant, there are no butterflies.’”

Weeks later, Bonner received a call from Dr. Mattoni, who told him there was a butterfly needed help. That was how he met the Palos Verdes blue. Since then he’s been working for four years to help bring the butterfly back. He grows astragalus, the only plant the butterfly eats. He collects butterflies and brings them into a lab to lay eggs. Then he puts new butterflies into the habitat.

The butterfly’s population, once almost zero, is now up to 900. For their work, Bonner and Dr. Mattoni received lots of awards. But for Bonner, he earned something more: he turned his life around

For six years now Bonner has kept his promise to stay out of prison. While he’s bringing back the Palos Verdes blue, the butterfly has helped bring him back, too.

11. When he was young, Arthur Bonner _______.

  A. broke the law and ended up in prison

  B. was fond of shooting and hurt his mom

  C. often laughed at people on the streets

  D. often caught butterflies and took them home

12. Bonner came to know the Palos Verdes blue after he _______.

  A. found the butterfly had died out        

B. won many prizes from his professor

  C. met Dr. Mattoni, a professor of biology  

D. collected butterflies and put them into a lab

13. From the last sentence of the text, we learn that raising butterflies has ________.

  A. made Bonner famous        B. changed Bonner’s life

  C. brought Bonner wealth       D. enriched Bonner’s knowledge

14. What does the underlined phrase “put through” mean in the 3rd paragraph?

A. hurt                         B. recall                C. remember                 D. experience

15. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

  A. A Promise to Mom               B. A Man Saved by Butterflies

  C. A Story of Butterflies               D. A Job Offered by Dr. Mattoni

The first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t know. I stood up to look around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled, little old lady beaming up at me with a smile that lit up her entire being.

She said, “Hi, girl! My name is Rose. I’m 87 years old. Can I give you a hug?”

I laughed and enthusiastically（熱情地）responded, “Of course you may!” and she gave me a giant squeeze.

 “Why are you in college at such a young, innocent age?” I asked. She jokingly replied, “I’m here to meet a rich husband, get married, have a couple of children, and then retire and travel!”

 “No seriously,” I said. I was curious what may have motivated her to be taking on this challenge at her age.

 “I always dreamed of having a college education and now I’m getting one!” she told me.

Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon and she easily made friends wherever she went. She loved to dress up and she reveled in the attention bestowed upon her from the other students. She was living it up.

At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football banquet. I’ll never forget what she taught us.

 “We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There are only two secrets to staying young, being happy, and achieving success. You have to laugh and find humor everyday. You’ve got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die!” she said.

“There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don’t do one productive thing, you will turn 20 years older. If I am 87 years old, and stay in bed for a year, and never do anything, I will turn 88. Anybody can grow older. But every minute counts for young men,” she added.

 “The idea is to grow up by always finding the opportunity in change. Have no regrets. The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets.”

She concluded her speech by courageously singing “The Song of Rose”. She challenged each of us to study the lyrics（歌詞）and live them out in our daily lives.

At the year’s end, Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.

13. Rose made herself known to the author in a ______ manner.

  A. serious          B. cold           C. humorous          D. crazy

14. From the information provided in the passage, we know ______.

A. Rose finished the college degree within a year

B. Rose did realize her dream of meeting a rich husband and getting married through college education

C. Rose enjoyed her campus life very much

D. Rose grew so old that she stopped playing

15. Rose delivered the speech ______.

  A. at the graduation                               B. which she prepared carefully

  C. ended with “The Song of Rose”                   D. to challenge all the other speakers

16. According to her speech, ______.

  A. whenever you have a dream, you succeed          

B. all people don’t grow up while growing older

C. Rose usually regretted having done something

D. a nine-year-old is as old as a 87-year-old if he doesn’t do anything

We now think of chocolate as sweet, but once it was bitter. We think of it as a candy, but once it was a medicine. Today, chocolate can be a hot drink, a frozen dessert, or just a snack. Sometimes it’s an ingredient(配料) in the main course of a meal. Mexicans make a hot chocolate sauce called mole and pour it over chicken. The Mexicans also eat chocolate with spices(香料) like chili peppers.

Chocolate is a product of the tropical cacao tree. The beans taste so bitter that even the monkeys say “Ugh!” and run away. Workers must first dry and then roast the beans. This removes the bitter taste.

The word “chocolate” comes from a Mayan word. The Mayas were an ancient people who once lived in Mexico. They valued the cacao tree. Some used the beans for money, while others crushed them to make a drink.

When the Spaniards came to Mexico in the sixteenth century, they started drinking cacao too.Because the drink was strong and bitter, they thought it was a medicine. No one had the idea of adding sugar. The Spaniards took some beans back to Europe and opened cafes. Wealthy people drank cacao and said it was good for the digestion.

In the 1800s, the owner of a chocolate factory in England discovered that sugar removed the bitter taste of cacao. It quickly became a cheap and popular drink. Soon afterwards, a factory made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate. Later on, another factory mixed milk and chocolate together. People liked the taste of milk chocolate even better.

Besides the chocolate candy bar, one of the most popular American snacks is the chocolate chip cookie. Favorite desserts are chocolate cream pie and, of course, an ice cream sundae with hot fudge sauce.  

1. It was ________that discovered sugar could remove the bitter taste of cacao.

A. The workers in the chocolate factory       B. The Spaniards

C. The people in England                  D. The owner of a chocolate factory

2. According to the passage which of the following statements is true?

A. Nobody had the idea of adding sugar until the sixteenth century.

B. The word “chocolate” comes from a Mexican word.

C. The beans taste so bitter that even the monkeys like them.

D. Workers must dry and roast the beans to remove the bitter taste.

3. The Spaniards think that cacao was a medicine because________

A. it was strong and bitter.    B. it was good for digestion.

C. it cured man’s diseases.     D. it was a kind of drink for good health.

4. Which is the right time order of the events regarding chocolate?

a. Chocolate became a cheap and popular drink in England.

b. A factory made the first solid block of sweetened chocolate.

c. The Spaniards started drinking cacao.

d. It was found that sugar removed the bitter taste of cacao.

e. A factory mixed milk and chocolate together.  

A. a-b-c-d-e　           B. c-d-e-b-a　　   C. c-d-a-b-e　　         D. c-d-b-e-a

5. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A. chocolate can be a hot drink, a frozen dessert, or a candy bar

B. Mexicans like chocolate very much

C. chocolate is a product of the cacao tree

D. people liked the taste of chocolate mixed with milk

It is not unusual to see your desk-mate yawn (打呵欠) as he complains that he didn't have a good sleep the night before. Many teens don't get enough sleep because they have too much homework, which keeps them up at night. Some teens cannot sleep at night even when they want to.

Studies show that during your teenage years, the body's biological clock is reset, telling you to sleep later at night and wake up later in the morning.

But changes in the body clock aren't the only reason teens lose sleep. Lots of people have insomnia (失眠). The most common cause of insomnia is stress. But all sorts of things can lead to insomnia. These include physical discomfort, emotional troubles and even sleeping environment. It's common for everyone to have insomnia from time to time. But if it lasts for a month or more go and see a doctor.

Some people have a condition that causes stomach acid (酸) to move backward towards the chest. This produces the uncomfortable, burning feeling called heartburn. So even if the person doesn't notice the feelings of heartburn because he is sleeping, he may feel tired the next day.

Most teens have nightmares sometimes. But, if they are frequent, a person's sleep pattern can be seriously affected. The most common cause of nightmares is emotional problems, such as stress (壓力) or anxiety. If you have them a lot, it's a good idea to talk to a doctor.

Doctors encourage teens to make lifestyle changes to develop good sleeping habits. You probably know that coffee can keep you awake, but did you know that playing video games or watching TV does the same?

1. The main idea of the first paragraph is ________.

A. There is a problem that teenagers can’t get enough sleep.

B. Sleeping problems have different causes.

C. Yawning is a good way to get rid of sleep.

D. Teenagers care too much for homework.

2. The Teenagers’ biological clock ________.

A. easily makes teenagers lead to insomnia

B. is the origin of their insomnia

C. provides them with plenty of time at night

D. is helpful to improve their concentration(注意力)

3. What does the writer say about “nightmares”?

A. It is nothing and shouldn’t be taken seriously.

B. It can release their stress or anxiety.

C. Emotional problems are the only way to form nightmares.

D. People will suffer from sleep if frequent.

4. Which way can help to get rid of insomnia?

A. Drinking some coffee before going to bed.

B. Playing video game or watching TV from time to time.

C. Turning to a doctor for help.

D. Eating much medicine for insomnia.

閱讀下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后從1-10各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng), 并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

If you have been dreaming of becoming an astronaut after you grow up, get start now! An astronaut needs a strong body and mind. Shenzhou VI astronauts are able to live upside-down. They do this not just during sleep, but also when eating and going to the toilet. Before they  1   the space, they had lots of practice. Each upside-down training time lasted 20 days.

       Chinese astronauts aren’t just spaceship  2   but also machine repairers and scientists. They have to know every part of the spaceship and how it works.  3   something goes wrong, they’ve got to know  4   repair it. Also they do scientific experiments in space.

       Shenzhou VI astronauts know how to live in  5  . They took a knife, a gun and some dye with them into space. If they land in forests, the knife and gun can  6   them from wild animals. If they  7   the sea, the dye can color the seawater around them yellow. This can drive  8   sea animals away.

       Astronauts must have strong  9  . They can’t get a headache and be sick. With many things to   10   , they’ve got no time for sickness. Do you still have a long, long way to go?

A. went through                              B. flew into               C. stayed at D. lived at

A. teachers      B. coaches                 C. inventors              D. drivers

A. If               B. Unless                  C. So                        D. While

A. what to       B. why to                  C. how to                  D. when to

A. the world    B. the wild                C. trouble                 D. space

A. prevent       B. protest                  C. predict                  D. protect

A. fall into      B. jump into              C. fly over                D. fly across

A. harmless     B. lively                   C. dangerous             D. selfish

A. bodies         B. minds                   C. healthy                 D. encouragement

A. bring        B. take care               C. tend                     D. look forward to

After five hours’ drive, they reached ______ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.

A. that      B. where       C. which       D. what

He______ on this paper for ten minutes but he______only about sixty words.

  A. will have worked, has written           B. worked, has written

  C. has been working, has written          D. will be working, works