Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature．However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment．

Some sports are resource-hungry．Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water．Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses in good condition．This causes major environmental effects．For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas．

There are many environment-friendly sports．Power walking is one of them that you can take up today．You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse．Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit．If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones．Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control．

Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials．But the final goal should be “green gyms”．They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers．Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces．There is no special requirement for you to start your membership．And best of all, it’s free．

63. The author thinks the golf is resource-hungry because of the following EXCEPT that_____．

      A．Golf wastes large areas of countryside    

B．Golf runs out of much water

      C．Keeping golf court in good condition needs too much energy

       D．Golf is bad for people’s health

64. According to the passage, which of the following is an environment-friendly sport?

      A．hiking in the hills           

B．swimming in the pool

   C．playing basketball in the gym      

D．motor racing in the desert

65. The reason why the author uses power walking as an example mainly is because _________．

      A．it improves our health   B. it is an outdoor sport

      C． it uses fewer resources   D. it is recommended by experts

66. The purpose of the author’s writing this passage is to ______．

      A．show us the function of major sports       B．encourage us to go in for green sports

      C．discuss the major influence of popular sports

      D．introduce different types of environment-friendly sports

If you do not use your arms or your legs for some time, they become weak; when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way.

    When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong.

    If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his fault. But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame(責備), and few of us know that it is just his own fault.

    Have you ever found that some people can't read or write but they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things; they cannot write them down in a little notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised.

    So if you want to have a good memory, learn from the people: practise remembering.

56. The main reason for one's poor memory is that ______.        

A. his memory is not often used 

B. he does not use his arms or legs for some time

C. his father or mother may have a poor memory              

D. he can't read or write

57. If you do not use your arms or legs for some time, ______.

A. you can't use them any more    

B. they will become stronger 

    C. they become weak and won't become strong until you use them again

    D. they become weak but they slowly become strong again            

58. Some people can't read or write, but they usually have better memories, because ______.

A. they have saved much trouble            

B. they have saved much time to remember things

    C. they can't write everything in a little notebook

D. they have to use their memories all the time

59. Which is the best title of the passage?

    A. Don't Stop Using Your Arms Or Legs        B. How To Have A Good Memory

    C. Strong Arms And Good Memories             D. Learn From The People

When I was small and my grandmother died, I couldn’t understand why I had no tears. But that night when my dad tried to cheer me up, my laugh turned into crying.

   So it came as no surprise to learn that researchers believe crying and laughing come from the same part of the brain. Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that so, too, does crying.

   Whatever it takes for us to reduce pressure is important to our emotional（情感的）health, and crying seems to study found that 85 percent of women and 73 percent of men report feeling better after crying.

Besides, tears attract help from other people. Researchers agree that when we cry, people around us become kinder and friendly and they are more ready to provide support and comfort. Tears also enable us to understand our emotions better; sometimes we don’t even know we’re very sad until we cry. We learn about our emotions through crying, and then we can deal with them.

Just as crying can be healthy, not crying---holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering---can be bad for physical（身體的）health, studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don’t fight it. It’s a natural---and healthy---emotional response（反應）.

60. It can be inferred from the text that       .

there are two ways to keep healthy

crying does more good to health than laughing

laughing plays a more important role than crying

emotional health has a close relationship to physical health

61. According to the author, which of the following statements is true?

Crying is the best way to get help from others.

Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.

We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.

We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.

62. What might be the most suitable title for the text?

   A. Power of Tears                                       B. How to Keep Healthy

   C. Why We Cry                                                 D. A New Scientific Discovery

  Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Some experts say that scientific advances will one day enable humans to last tens of years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life span.

“ I think we are knocking at the door of immortality (永生),” said Michael Zey, a Montclair State University business professor and author of two books on the future. “ I think by 2075 we will see it and that’s a conservative estimate.”

At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(納米技術) make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. “ There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years,” he said. “ Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 200 or 300 or 500 years.”

However, many scientists who specialize in aging are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and organs will finally lead all humans to death.

Scientists also differ on what kind of life the super aged might live. “ It remains to be seen if you pass 120, you know; could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life?” said Leonard Poon, director of the University of Georgia Gerontology Center. “ At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all.”

67. By saying “ we are knocking at the door immortality”, Michael Zey means_____.

   A. they believe that there is no limit of living

   B. they are sure to find the truth about long living

   C. they have got some ideas about living forever

   D. they are able to make people live past the present life span

68. Donald Louria’s attitude toward long living is that_____.

   A. people can live from 120 to 180

   B. it is still doubtful how long humans can live

   C. the human body is designed to last about 120 years

   D. it is possible for humans to live longer in the future

69. The underlined “ it” (Para. 4) refers to_____.

    A. a great push                                         

B. the idea of living beyond the present life span

    C. the idea of living from 200 to 300                

D. the conservative estimate

70. What would be the best title for this text?

   A. Living longer or not

   B. Science, technology and long living

   C. No limit for human life

   D. Healthy lifestyle and long living

If you're 70 and overweight, you may live longer

A few extra pounds might help you live longer if you're past your prime(壯年) but otherwise healthy, a new study finds.
    Physicians routinely follow guidelines issued by the World Health Organization. Because weight depends on height, they use a standard measure called body mass index (BMI), which is calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared.
    Healthy weight is defined as a BMI anywhere between 18.5 and 24.9 in adults, whereas 25 to 29.9 is overweight and 30+ is obese.
    The new study suggests that in the elderly, these boundaries may be too narrow. While no one is questioning that extra fat poses health risks in young and middle-aged adults, it may reduce the impact of frailty and old age, geriatrician(老年醫(yī)學專家) Dr. Thomas Yoshikawa told Reuters Health.
    So far, nobody knows exactly how BMI affects lifespan in older people. Some researchers speculate that it acts as an energy reserve that can help the elderly cope with illness.
    For the study, Australian researchers followed more than 9,000 men and women who were between 70 and 75 years old at the beginning. The participants reported their height and weight as well as various factors related to health and lifestyle. About 33 percent of the women and 44 percent of the men were overweight.
    Over 10 years, more than 2,000 of the participants died. Women who had an active life and didn't smoke were the most likely to be alive at the end of the study.
    But neither health nor lifestyle could fully explain why overweight people of both sexes survived longer than their normal-weight peers, who fared no better than obese individuals. In terms of survival, the best BMI was between 26 and 27, well within the overweight range.
    The new results agree with earlier research showing that fat may be beneficial in old age.

68．We can learn from the passage that         ．

A. the heavier one is, the better              B. we shouldn’t lose weight when old

C. one should keep his weight within the recommended range

D. we shouldn’t worry about our weight if we are slightly fatter than normal when old 

69．According to the passage, if a person is 1.5 metres in height and 67.5 kg in weight, his BMI is________.

  A．30            B．25           C．45         D． 28

70. What does the author want to tell us most?

A. Fatness has little to do with diseases in old age.        

B. Fatness is not always bad.

C. Fatness may be beneficial instead of harmful in old age.

D. Overweight people of both sexes survive longer than their normal-weight peers.

Sports medicine experts have observed for  years that athletes such as long distance runners, especially women athletes, often display a lack of iron. Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researchers suggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women. 

"We found that women who were normally inactive and then started a program of moderate exercise of middle degree showed sings of iron loss," says Roseanne M. Lyle, associate professor at Purdue. Her study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.

Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. But the ratio is even greater among active women, affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes. This means, Lyle says, that "too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in". Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk, since their monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss. Plus, many health-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron. And because women often restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food, and are liable to experience a deficiency.

Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms. Some iron is lost in sweat, and, for unknown reasons, intense endurance exercise is sometimes associated with bleeding of the digestive system. Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenon where small blood vessels in the feet leak blood.

There are three stages of iron deficiency. The first and most common is having low iron reserves, a condition that typically has no symptoms. Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in the second stage of deficiency, when not enough iron is present to form the molecules(分子) of blood protein that transport oxygen to the working muscles. In the third and final stage, people often feel weak, tired, and out of breath - and exercise performance is severely compromised.

"People think that if they're not at the third stage, nothing is wrong, but that's not true," says John L. Beard, who helped design the Purdue study. "You're not stage 3 until your iron reserves go to zero, and if you wait until that point, you're in trouble."

       Beard and other experts say it’s advisable for people to have a yearly blood test. If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by changing your diet and taking iron-rich foods or by taking iron-added pills.

 “Select breads and cereals with the words ‘iron-added’ on the label,” writes sports diet expert Nancy Clark. “This added iron supplements the small amount that naturally occurs in grains.” Clark also recommends cooking in iron pans, as food can obtain iron from the pan during the cooking process.

64．Which of the following may be the title for the passage?

       A．Science, sports and exercise

       B．Correct iron deficiency

       C．Women, Iron and exercise

       D．Women, health and exercise

65．The third paragraph is developed mainly by             .

       A．organizing the details according to the order of time

       B．presenting the result followed by specific causes

       C．beginnign with details followed by a general statement

       D．making comparisons ad contrasts

66．What does it mean when you are in the third stage of iron defieiency?

       A．Nothing serious though you don’t have much iron stored in the body.

       B．There is not enough iron to form the molecules of blood protein to transport oxygen.

       C．The small blood vessels in your reet are beginnig to leak blood.

       D．No iron is ldft in your body and you would be in trouble without urgent measures.

67．What is the writer’s attitude in writing this passage?

       A．Defensive.       B．Persuasive.      C．Supportive.      D．Objective.

We are just getting older and older with each New Year. Vigor and wisdom

are draining, and bit by bit we are moving away from the amazement of youth.

 Yet neither fear nor anxiety helps retain youth. Instead, a few living habits

help maintain.

●Laugh to your heart's content as much as you can. Laughter helps reduce

pressure and improve your immune system, which makes people look 8 years younger.

●Keep an eye on your blood pressure. Those with a blood pressure of 115/75mmHg

look 2.5 years younger than those above 160/90mmHg.

●Quit smoking and avoid passive smoking. This can take 8 years off your appearance.

●Spare some time for exercises each day. Exercises need not be tiring. A 20 minute walk every day makes people look 5 years younger.

●Keep learning and absorb something new each day. Speak the same language as the young people. Learning something every day makes people look 2.5 years younger.

●Keep other pressures under control. Too much pressure makes people look 30 years older. If they are good at networking and manage to keep pressure under control, they will look 30 years younger.

●Secure high quality medical care insurance and do whole body check regularly. For those contracted with chronicle diseases, proper treatment and qualification of the diseases makes people look 12 years younger than what they would without proper treatment.

63. The passage is mainly about _________.

A. the important of retaining youth    B. some tips helping people retain youth

C. moving away from the amazement of youth

D. the connections between the health and the age

64. The underlined sentence “This can take 8 years off your appearance.” means _________.

A. Smoking and passive smoking can make you look 8 years younger

B. Smoking and passive smoking can make you die 8 years ahead

C. Giving up smoking and avoiding passive smoking can make you live 8 years longer

D. Giving up smoking and avoiding passive smoking can make you look 8 years younger

65. According to the passage, we can know that _________.

A. exercises properly every day helps people retain youth

B. if you want to be 30 years younger you must keep other pressures under control

C. doing whole body check regularly can make people look younger

D. fear and anxiety are a part of our life, which help people realize the importance of keeping youth

Critics of cloning often repeat the question related to the controversial(有爭議的) science “Just because we can, does it mean we should?”  The closer we come to being able to clone a human, the hotter the debate over it grows. For all the good things cloning may achieve, opponents say that it will do just as much harm. Another question is how to governing cloning process.

       There is federal official law banning cloning in the United States, but several states have passed their own laws to ban the practice. The US Food and Drugs Administration(FDA), has also said that anyone in the United States attempting human cloning must first get its permission. In Japan, human cloning is a crime that is punished by up to 10 years in prison.

       While laws are to ban cloning at this time, some scientists believe that the technology is not ready to be tested on humans. Ian Wilmut, one of the co-creators of Dolly, has even said that human cloning projects would be an irresponsible crime. Cloning technology is still in its early stages, and nearly 98% percent of cloning efforts end in failure. The embryos are either not suitable for implanting into the uterus(子宮) or they die shortly after birth.

       The clones that do survive end up suffering from deadly or problematic genetic abnormalities(畸形). Some clones have been born with faulty heart, lung problems and blood vessel problems. One of the most famous cases was a cloned sheep that was born with but malformed arteries(畸形動脈) leading to the lungs.

       Opponents of cloning will point out that we can enthanize(安樂死) these faulty clones of other animals, but they ask what if a human clone is born with these same problems. Advocates of cloning respond that it is now easier to pick out faulty embryos even before they are implanted into the mother. The debate over human cloning is just beginning, but as science advances, it could be the biggest moral dilemma of the 21st century.

68. Which word in the text is the opposite of the underlined word “opponents”?

       A. critics        B. advocates          C. scientists           D. co-creators

69. The writer writes this passage mainly to ________________.

       A. support passing laws to ban human cloning

       B. list problems with human cloning

       C. introduce critics’ ideas about human cloning

       D. state the debate over human cloning

70. Which of the following will Ian Wilmut probably NOT agree with?

       A. Cloning technology is in its early stages.

       B. Human cloning should be made illegal.

       C. Very few cloning efforts are successful.

       D. Cloning technology is ready to be tested on humans

All That noise is damaging Children’s Hearing

       Michel become hooked on headphones in his early teens. He walked in the streets of Brooklyn day after day with his favorite music blasting directly into his ears. By his early 20s, Michel had lost much of his upper-range hearing.

       The Children’s Hearing Institute reports that hearing loss among children and young adults is rising in the United States, and that one third of the damage is caused by noise.

Surrounded By Noise

       We live in a noisy world. Young and old alike are beset by sounds over which we may have little or no control: power mowers, leaf blowers, snow blowers, cars and house alarms, sirens, motorcycles, Jet Skis, loudspeakers, even movie previews.

       We attend rock concerts, weddings, parties and sports events at which the music is so loud you can hardly hear the person sitting next to you. At home, televisions, stereos and computer games are often turned up so loud that listeners can not hear a doorbell or telephone. Many “modern ” restaurants have chosen noise enhancement instead of abatement(減輕). Any time you need to shout to be heard by someone near you, your hearing is most likely to be in a decibel(分貝) danger zone.

       As if environmental noise were not enough, now we surround children with noisy toys and personal listening devices that can permanently damage their hearing. Toys that meet the safety standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials can produce sound up to 138 decibels, as loud as a jet plane taking off. Yet workplace rules require hearing protection for those exposed to noise above 85 decibels.

Protecting Young Ears

       Before buying noisemaking toys, parents would do well to listen to how loud they are. If the toy comes with a volume control, monitor its use to make sure it is kept near the lowest level. Consider returning gifts that make loud noises, disable the noise-making function. Or limit the use of noisy toys to outside play areas.

Children who play computer games and stereo equipment should be warned to keep the volume down. Time spent in video arcades, where the noise level can be over 110 decibels, should be strictly limited. Most iPods have a control that allow parents to set a maximum volume.

       Don’t take children to loud action movies. If you do go and the sound seems deafening, ask the manager to turn down the volume or insist on you money back. Children who play in bands and teenagers who use power tools, gardening equipment or guns should be made to wear hearing protection, available at sporting goods stores.

The League for the Hard of Hearing urges parents to encourage participation in quiet activities, like reading, watching family-oriented films, doing puzzles, making thins with construction toys, playing educational computer games, drawing and painting, and visiting librarians and museums.

All That noise is damaging Children’s Hearing

Being the boss might mean more money and challenging work but it can also cause damage to physical and mental well-being, according to a Canadian study.

For years studies have shown people in lower-status jobs generally have higher rates of heart disease and other illnesses and die earlier than those in higher-status positions while job authority has shown no relationship with workers’ health.

But University of Toronto researchers, using data from 1,800 US workers, found the health of people in higher positions is affected by work as they are more likely to report conflicts with co-workers and say work disturbs their home life.

However, the positive aspects of having a power position at work, such as higher status, more pay and greater independence, seemed to cancel out the negative aspects when it came to people’s physical and psychological health.

These latest findings, reported in the journal Social Science & Medicine, suggest that the advantages and disadvantages authority positions basically cancel each other out, giving the general impression that job authority has no health effects.

For the study, the researchers surveyed participants about various aspects of their work, life and well-being. Job authority was judged based on whether a person managed other employees and had power over hiring, firing and pay.

Physical health complaints included problems like headaches, body aches, heartburn and tiredness. Psychological complaints included sleep problems, difficulty concentrating and feelings of sadness, worry and anxiety.

“This isn’t to suggest that having authority is ‘bad’—in fact, we show it has benefits ... but it is important to identify the negative sides and deal with them.” researcher Scott Schieman said.  

Schieman said conflicts with co-workers or involvement of work into home life may destroy at physical and mental well-being by creating stress.

“These are key stressors that can tax individuals’ ability to function effectively,” Schieman said.

56. Work will have a negative effect on job authority’s health probably because __________.

A. they are not fit for their work

   B. they have power over hiring and pay

   C. they are faced with severe competition

   D. they don’t get on well with their co-workers

57. Most people don’t see that bosses have health effects because __________.

   A. their health problems are not serious enough to see

   B. they have enough money to keep themselves healthy

   C. their problems are quite different from those of workers  

   D. the advantages and disadvantages of their status work against each other

58. From the passage we can infer that the study aims to _________.

  A. warn people not to be a boss for ever

  B. remind the boss to deal with the bad effects of their work

  C. show that having authority is harmful to one’s health

  D. prove that being a boss can benefit a lot 

59. The best title for this passage might be ________.

  A. Lower-status can affect health                    B. Authority can affect health

  C. Positive aspects of a power position            D. Disadvantages of being a boss