Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an extra amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological(心理上的)and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or stopping of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.

The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw(缺陷)in themselves.

Coaches and parents should also be careful that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances. Positive encouragement

should be provided without considering the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates(刺激)and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.

1. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ________.

A. to reduce their mental stress

B. to make sports less competitive

C. to increase their sense of success

D. to make sports more challenging

2. According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that __ ____.

A. it can help them learn more about society

B. it enables them to find flaws in themselves

C. it can provide them with valuable experiences

D. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves

3. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ________.

A. believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development

B. without realizing criticism may destroy their self-confidence

C. in order to make them remember life's lessons

D. so as to put more pressure on them

4. The author's purpose in writing the passage is ________.

A. to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout

B. to persuade young children not to worry about criticism

C. to stress the importance of positive encouragement to children

D. to discuss the skill of connecting criticism with encouragement

"I've been writing a book, John. Do you think anyone would be interested in __1__ it?" said the old lady.

John took __2__ the papers from her shaking hand and seated her in a chair. He remembered her rich __3__ in the early days of the Old West. He looked through the papers, "It's good, Grandma," he said gently. Then realizing that she couldn't hear him, he shouted __4__ her ears. "I think it's very good. I'll __5__ it to a publisher."

Ten days later, he reported that the publisher had had time to read only a few__6__. But he was so impressed that he had sent $100 for an option(買版權).

__7__money would be given as an advance(預付款). Every month John __8__ $100 for her with a letter from the publisher telling about the progress of the book.

One morning, three months after her 100th birthday. Grandma didn't get up. The doctor told her that she couldn't__9__more than a few days. She was ready to go, but she first wanted her book to be in __10__. John promised that he would get it very soon.

Grandma __11__ on until the day the book came into her hands with the title and her name on the cover. Though she couldn't see it, she could __12__ it. She __13__ felt her name with her fingers, tears in her eyes. Two hours later, she died peacefully, __14__ holding her book.

Her granddaughter took up the book and opened it. "Why, it's just blank pages!" she cried in __15__.

John's face turned __16__. Then the girl understood. There __17__ was a book. Grandma couldn't hear the little bell when the typewriter came to the __18__ of the line. She would keep on working, not knowing the whole sentences and sometimes the paragraphs were __19__. John did not tell her, for he couldn't take away her only __20__. It was John himself who had written the letters and sold his car to pay the advance.

1. A. buying B. publishing C. reading D. lending

2. A. away B. over C. on D. off

3. A. sufferings B. experiences C. thoughts D. neighbors

4. A. between B. out of C. into D. up

5. A. throw B. put C. send D. lift

6. A. novels B. copies C. pages D. books

7. A. Some B. Much C. Enough D. More

8. A. brought B. borrowed C. spent D. stole

9. A. die B. read C. last D. write

10. A. time B. bookstore C. sale D. print

11. A. talked B. wrote C. gave D. held

12. A. read B. sell C. hear D. touch

13. A. proudly B. quickly C. careful D. slow

14. A. still B. yet C. always D. then

15. A. anger B. joy C. surprise D. tears

16. A. white B. red C. angry D. surprise

17. A. indeed B. certainly C. hardly D. never

18. A. middle B. last C. end D. beginning

19. A. missing B. finished C. completed D. ended

20. A. hope B. book C. life D. paper

Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle(循環(huán);周期).

During the hours when you labor at work, you may say that you're "hot". That's true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people, the peak comes during the morning. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: "Get up, John! You'll be late for work again!" The possible explanation for the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarreling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.

You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract(對抗) your cycle by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up earlier and work better at your low point.

Get off to a slow start, this saves your energy. Get up with a comfortable yawn(哈欠)and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.

4. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?

A. Not knowing the energy cycles.

B. Familiar monologues.

C. Family members have the same energy cycles.

D. One of the family members can control the energy cycle of other family members.

5.You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will________.

A. help to keep your energy for the day's work

B. help you to keep calm early in the day

C. enable you to work well

D. keep your energy cycle under control all day

How to protect children Web-surfers from unsuitable material on-line while encouraging them to use the Internet has long been discussed in the USA.

For some parents the Internet can seem like a jungle, filled with danger for their children. But jungles contain wonders as well as danger and, with good guides, some education and a few precautions(預防措施), the wilds of the Internet can be safely navigated (航行). "Kids have to be on-line. If we tell our kids they can't have access(進入) to the Internet, we're cutting them off from their future," said an expert.

Most kids have started to learn to use search engines. Many of them are great for finding tons of interesting Internet sites, and they can also locate places where you might not want your kids to go. There are search engines designed especially just for kids. A certain software contains only sites that have been selected as safe. But the most popular way to limit access would be to use what is known as a "content screener(過濾) ". This can't be wholly reliable, and the best thing parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what's OK or not OK to see or do on the Internet. Another way is that the mother or father is nearby when the child is surfing the Internet.

A few other tips:

-Don't put the PC in a child's room but keep it in an area where a mum or dad can keep an eye on things. That also makes the Internet more of a family activity.

-Ask your child what he or she has been doing and about any friends they make on-line.

-Tell your child not to give on-line strangers personal information, especially details like address and phone number.

-And tell your children never to talk to anyone they meet on-line over the phone, send them anything, accept anything from them or agree to meet with them unless you go along.

1. What is the best way to protect children from improper materials?

A. To install a content screener in the computer.

B. To buy some search engines for the children.

C. To be nearby when they are surfing the Internet.

D. To talk to the children and persuade them to tell right from wrong.

2. Which of the following is right according to the passage?

A. Surfing the Internet is the best method of educating children.

B. Children's not having access to the Internet may have an effect on their progress.

C. Using a content screener is the most reliable way to allow children to have access to the Internet.

D. Search engines can help children to select materials fit for them.

3. What is the passage mainly about?

A. American children's going on-line. B. The Internet in America.

C. Appreciating the Internet.

D. Opposing the Internet.

Some personal characteristics(個性) play an important role in the development of one's intelligence(智力). But people fail to realize the importance of training these factors in young people.

The so-called "non-intelligence factors(因素)" include__1__feelings, will, motivation (動機), interests and habits. After a 30-year follow-up study of 8,000 males , American psychologists (心理學家)__2__that the main cause of disparities in intelligence is not intelligence__3__, but non-intelligence factors including the desire to learn , will power and self-confidence.

__4__people all know that one should have definite objectives , a strong will and good learning habits, quite a number of teachers and parents don't pay much attention to cultivating(培養(yǎng)) these__5__.

Some parents are greatly worried__6__their children fail to do well in their studies. They blame either genetic (遺傳的) factors , malnutrition(營養(yǎng)不良) or laziness , but they never take__7__consideration these non-intelligence factors. At the same time , some teachers don't inquire into these , as reasons__8__students do poorly. They simply give them more courses and exercises , or__9__criticize or laugh at them. After all , these students lose self-confidence. Some of them just feel defeated and__10__themselves up as hopeless. Others may go astray(誤入歧途)because they are sick of learning. __11__investigation of more than 1,000 middle school students in Shanghai showed that 46.5 per cent of them were__12__of learning , because of examinations , 36.4 per cent lacked persistence and initiative (主動) and 10.3 per cent were sick of learning.

It is clear__13__the lack of cultivation of non-intelligence factors has been a __14__obstacle(障礙)to intelligence development in teenagers. It even causes an imbalance between physiological (生理的) and__15__development among a few students.

If we don't start now to__16__the cultivation of non-intelligence factors , it will not only affect the development of the __17__of teenagers , but also affect the quality of a whole generation. Some experts have put forward__18__about how to cultivate students' non-intelligence factors.

First , parents and teachers should __19__understand teenage psychology. On this basis , they can help them to follow the objectives of learning,__20__their interests and toughening their willpower.

1. A. one's B. their C. his D. her

2. A. came out B. found out C. made out D. work out

3. A. themselves B. oneself C. itself D. ones

4. A. Though B. Nevertheless C. However D. Moreover

5. A. books B. scientists C. factors D. studies

6. A. about B. when C. how D. whether

7. A. for B. in C. into D. over

8. A. why B. what C. when D. how

9. A. ever B. even C. still D. more

10. A. put B. get C. handle D. give

11. A. The B. An C. And D. A

12. A. afraid B. ahead C. aware D. ashamed

13. A. that B. how C. why D. which

14. A. leftover B. salty C. small D. main

15. A. intelligent B. characteristic C. psychological D. physical

16. A. throw B. pretend C. strengthen D. stop

17. A. intelligence B. diligence C. laziness D. attempts

18. A. importance B. objectives C. suggestions D. teenagers

19. A. fully B. unnecessarily C. never D. unwillingly

20. A. learning B. going C. losing D. exciting

There was once a great painter named Mechel in Germany about two hundred years ago. One day a young painter decided to pay him a visit for the secret of painting.

Mechel was painting when the young man arrived at his house. He smiled and waved his painting brush in the air. The young man understood his meaning and said, "Do you mean that I should keep on painting?""Yes!"Mechel said and pointed to the picture on the table. "You should not only paint more, but also look through others' works. They may serve as a silent teacher. But the young painter said, "I have painted a lot. I can paint many pictures within a day. And I have looked through a lot. I can look through quite a few copies within a day.""What are the results?" asked Mechel. The young painter scratched his hair and said, "Though I can paint many pictures, it takes me a year to sell them."

After hearing this, Mechel said seriously, "Why not do your job the other way? I am sure if you spend a year painting a picture, you can sell it within a day."

79. The underlined word "they" means ________ .

A. painters

B. others

C. famous teachers

D. other painters' works

80. -Why did the young man go to visit Mechel?

-He wanted to ________ .

A. paint more pictures

B. sell more pictures

C. sell pictures quickly

D. ask for some advice

81. The secret of painting according to the Mechel is ________ .

A. keeping on painting

B. looking through others' works

C. painting one picture in a year

D. working hard and learning from others' works

82. -What advice did Mechel give the young man?

- ________ .

A. Taking a year to paint a picture

B. Following the others' examples

C. Spending more time learning and painting

D. Spending less time selling his pictures

This Thursday, Irena Sendler will be honored for her work as a smuggler (偷運者). During World War II, the Polish social worker smuggled nearly 2,500 Jewish children out of the Warsaw ghetto (聚居區(qū)). She gave them new identities （身份）, found them safe places with good-hearted Christians, and kept the children's real names buried in jars in her neighbors' gardens.(The play, Life in a Jar, based on her story, is being performed. ) At 93, Sendler lives in a Warsaw nursing home and was too weak to travel to Washington D.C. to receive the 2003 Jan Karski Award for Valor and Compassion from the American Center of Polish Culture. One of the children she had saved accepted the award for her.

You risked your life to save the children?

I was taught by my father that when someone is drowning, you don't ask if they can swim, you just jump in and help. During the war, everyone was drowning, but mostly the Jewish children.

How did you persuade parents to give their children?

I had to answer honestly that I didn't even know if we would get past the guards.

What was the most frightening moment?

When I saw a priest (牧師)in charge of an orphanage for Jewish children in the ghetto walk with them out to be killed. The children were in their best Sunday suits. The priest was killed with them.

How did you get the children to behave as you smuggled them out?

I told the older children to act as if they were sick and sometimes gave the younger ones a sleeping pill. They were told to remember their new names. I also told the children to tell guards they had only been visiting a servant in the ghetto and were going back to their real homes outside.

Did you tell your own two children what you did?

I never told them. Only when my daughter went to Israel (以色列)did she learn all about me. I thought it was only normal to do so. And it was a very painful subject. It was always on my mind that I couldn't do more.

75. We can learn from the passage that Irena Sendler ________ .

A. would not accept the award

B. was caught a few times while she was rescuing the Jewish children

C. told those parents that their children's lives would be guaranteed (保證)

D. saved thousands of Jewish children at the risk of her own life.

76. The expression "everyone was drowning" can be best replaced by " _______ ."

A. everyone was involved （卷入）in the war

B. all the people were drowned

C. people were facing danger and death

D. Jewish children were being killed

77. Which of the following is NOT true when Sendler was smuggling the Jewish children?

A. Some children were told to pretend to be sick in front of the guards.

B. Some children pretended to be returning home after visiting servants in the ghetto.

C. The children were asked to remember and use new names instead of their real names.

D. The children pretended to be brothers and sisters from one big family.

78. Sendler didn't tell her own children what she did in the war because _______ .

A. she thought it was the most frightening experience

B. the topic was too painful and heartbreaking to mention

C. it was already recorded and made known to the public

D. she planned to bury the secret in her heart until her death

During times of trouble, Franklin Delano Roosevelt spoke from a small room without a fireplace in the White House basement to millions of Americans. In his calm and conversational manner, he reassured（使......恢復信心）the nation in the depths of the Great Depression（大蕭條）and through a World War.

Saul Bellow described his own experience of listening to President Roosevelt, hold the nation together, using only a radio and the power of his personality.

"I can recall walking eastward on the Chicago Midway... drivers had pulled over, parking bumper（保險杠） to bumper, and turned on their radios to hear Roosevelt. They had rolled down the windows and opened the car doors. Everywhere the same voice, its odd Eastern accent, which in anyone else would have angered Midwesterners. You could follow without missing a single word as you walked by. You felt you had joined to these unknown drivers, men and women..."

The nation needed the assurance of those Fireside Chats, the first of which was delivered on March 12, 1933. Between a quarter and a third of the work force was unemployed. Every bank in America had been closed for at least eight days. It's hard for us to imagine. It was the hardest time of the Great Depression.

The "Fireside" was symbolic（象征性的）; most of the chats came from a small room in the White House basement. Frances Perkins, Roosevelt's Secretary of Labor, described the change that would come over him just before the broadcasts: "His face would smile and light up as though he were actually sitting on the front porch（門廊）or in the parlor with them. People felt this, and came to respect and love him."

In that first radio visit, Roosevelt began by explaining how the banking system worked : "When you put money in a bank, the bank does not place the money into a safe-deposit vault（金庫房）. It invests （投資）your money in many different forms." He went on to announce that the banks would reopen the next day.

71. The main purpose of the article is to ________ .

A. give examples of the power of radio broadcasting

B. make people examine their attitudes toward money

C. suggest that Roosevelt was America's greatest president

D. show how Roosevelt reassured American during hard times

72. According to the article, the Fireside Chats raised the hopes of Americans because President Roosevelt ________ .

A. spoke to them in a friendly and confident tone

B. explained to them how to invest their money

C. was open about his own fears for the country

D. used humor to draw their attention away from their problems

73. The name "Fireside Chats" was probably intended to ________ .

A. demand listeners to protect resources

B. encourage spirited discussion among listeners

C. request people to desire for hope and reassurance

D. persuade Americans to talk with their families

74. Saul Bellow's description of his own experience of listening to President Roosevelt shows ________ .

A. how popular and encouraging Roosevelt's Fireside Chats were

B. how easily Roosevelt's Fireside Chats could be understood

C. what great interest general public took in national affairs

D. what a hard life Americans had in Great Depression

After graduation from Harvard Medical School, Dr William Thomas never thought he'd work in a nursing home. Then,　 51 　 , he became a medical director of a nursing home in New York, and his ideas began to　　52 　 . "For the first time in my career, I was　 53　 for the answer to the question. What does it mean to　 54 　 another person?"

　 55　 that the biggest trouble facing nursing-home residents（居住者）are helplessness,　 56 　 and boredom, he arranged laughter, usefulness and love as　　57 　 .

　 58 　 Thomas calls it, he began the "Edenization（伊甸園化）" of the nursing home in 1992. At last he founded the Eden Alternative.

Lazy moments and loud television programmes were　　59 　 with lovely children, playful pets,　 60 　 plants and music in the lobby. These living things are mixed into　 61　 . Residents are　　62 　 to tend the animals, water the plants, weed outdoor gardens and do crafts （手工藝品）with the children.

The Eden Alternative changed the　　63 　 of the residents at this 80-bed nursing home. In a three-day study, the nursing home was　 64 　 with a nursing home of equal size. The Eden Alternative had 15 percent　 65 　 resident deaths and 38 percent lower medication costs.

In 1995 Dr Thomas　 66 　 his full time to the promotion （推廣）of the Eden Alternative. More than 200 nursing homes throughout the country have　　67 　 the Edenization process. Thomas receives queries（質疑）from as　 68　 away as Turkey, Japan, Brazil and the Netherlands. He hopes that his idea of filling the

"　 69　 "with nursing homes and inviting the community in will help to "break conventional （傳統(tǒng)的）practice in long term　　70 　 ."

51. A. unexpectedly B. unfortunately C. unhappily D. suddenly

52. A. wonder B. struggle C. shake D. change

53. A. hoping B. replying C. caring D. searching

54. A. make B. visit C. tend D. care

55. A. Recognizing B. Supposing C. Regarding D. Imagining

56. A. loneliness B. poverty C. timelessness D. excitement

57. A. food B. reference C. treatment D. introduction

58. A. When B. As C. Unless D. Since

59. A. went B. replaced C. began D. met

60. A. man-made B. plastic C. alive D. live

61. A. hope B. life C. happiness D. success

62. A. got B. helped C. encouraged D. required

63. A. lives B. habits C. customs D. methods

64. A. compared B. covered C. dealt D. equipped

65. A. more B. less C. worse D. fewer

66. A. sent B. led C. devoted D. used

67. A. begun B. developed C. prevented D. invented

68. A. long B. much C. far D. soon

69. A. homeless B. homes C. plants D. pets

70. A. relation B. education C. match D. care

Tears are nature's way of making us feel more comfortable. When our eyes are made uncomfortable by some small pieces of pollution, or when we are cutting onions(洋蔥), or when we are exhausted and have "red -eyes" from overwork and late hours, tears form in our eyes to clean and refresh them.

Tears are also a sign of strong emotion. We cry when we are sad and we cry when we are happy.

And tears seem to be uniquely(唯獨)human. We know that animals also experience emotions-fear, pleasure, lone-

liness-but they do not shed tears. From this, we can conclude that tears are closely related to the emotional and biological make-up of the human species.

Biologically speaking, tears are actually drops of saline fluid, which is a little bit salty, produced by a gland(腺) in the body. Because salt is an important component, tears may actually constitute the most conclusive evidence that the human animal is the end product of a long evolutionary process that began in the sea.

And it is clear that, in addition to the emotional benefits, the shedding of tears has a specific biological function as well. Through tears, we can eliminate from our body certain chemicals which build up in response to stress and create a chemical imbalance in the body. Crying actually makes us feel better by correcting that imbalance and making us feel good again. And thus the emotional and the biological functions of tears merge(合并) into one and make us even more "human" than we would otherwise be.

4. Which of the following is NOT a function of tears?

A. Biological. B. Emotional.

C. Political. D. Chemical.

5. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A. Tears Are a Sign of Strong Emotion

B. Tears Make Us Feel More Comfortable

C. Tears Are Salty

D. Tears Have a Certain Biological Function