People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in telling facial expressions and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.

      Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均勻的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.

      "We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions," Jack said. "Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth equally, while Easterners favor the eyes and ignore the mouth."

      According to Jack and her colleagues, the finding shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than believed before. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey(傳達(dá)) emotion in cross-cultural situations.

      The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into types: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately the participants(參與者) read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.

      It turned out that Easterners paid much greater attention to the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. "The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection(反映) of cultural difference in facial expressions," Jack said. "Our data suggest that while Westerners use the whole face to express emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less."

     In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have made these basic social skills have greater variety will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, talking of communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.

1. The discovery shows that Westerners _______.

    A. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways

    B. consider facial expressions universally reliable

    C. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth

    D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions

2. What were the people asked to do in the study?

A. To classify(分類) some face pictures.          B. To get their faces impressive.

C. To make a face at each other.                     D. To observe the researchers' faces.

3. What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 6 refer to?

A. The people taking part in the study.         B. The researchers of the study.

C. The errors made during the study.          D. The data collected from the study.

4. Compared with Westerners, Easterners are likely to _______.

A. do translation more successfully                    B. study the mouth more frequently

C. read facial expressions more correctly            D. examine the eyes more attentively

5. What can be the best title for the passage?

      A. The Eye is the Window to the Soul

B. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions

C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills

D. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding

In a time of low academic（學(xué)術(shù)的）achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan ,a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation,300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents（答問卷者）listed “to give children a good start academically” as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.

In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education,91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools.62 percent of the more individually oriented（強(qiáng)調(diào)個性發(fā)展的）Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.

Like in America, there is diversity（多樣性）in Japanese early childhood education .Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential（潛力）development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools.

Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children’s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.

1.We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe ____.

A. Japanese parents pay more attention to preschool education than American parents

B. Japan’s economic success is a result of its scientific achievements

C. Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction

D. Japan’s higher education is better than theirs

2.Most American respondents believe that preschools should also attach importance to ____.

A. problem solving

B. group experience

C. parental guidance

D .individually oriented development

3.In Japan’s preschools education, the focus is on ____.

A. preparing children’s artistic interests

B. developing children’s artistic interests

C. tapping children’s potential

D. shaping children’s character

4.Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-based kindergartens?

A. They can do better in their future studies.

B. They can gain more group experience there.

C. They can be individually oriented when they grows up.

D. They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.

Most people have heard of Shakespeare and probably know something of the plays that he wrote.However，not everybody knows much about the life of this remarkable man，except perhaps that he was born in the market town of Stratford-upon-Avon and that he married a woman called Anne Hathaway.We know nothing of his school life.We do not know，for example，how long it lasted，but we presume(推測)that he attended the local grammar school，where the principal subject taught was Latin.

Nothing certain is known of what he did between the time he left school and his departure(出發(fā))for London.According to a local legend，he was beaten and even put in prison for stealing rabbits and deer from the estate of neighbouring landowner，Sir Thomas Lucy.It is said that because of this he was forced to run away from his native place.A different legend says that he was apprenticed(做學(xué)徒)to a Stratford butcher, but did not like the life and for this reason decided to leave Stratford.

Whatever caused him to leave the town of his birth，the world could be grateful that he did so.What is certain is that he set his foot on the road to fame when he arrived in London.It is said that at first he was without money or friends there，but that he earned a little by taking care of the horses of the gentleman who attended the plays at the theatre.They stopped and spoke to him.They found his conversations so brilliant(有才氣的)that finally he was invited to join their company.

1．In the early life of Shakespeare，he ______.

A．a(chǎn)ttended a public school              B．lived in London

C．studied Latin                       D．was put in prison for stealing cattle

2．Why was he forced to leave his native place according to this passage?

A．Because he didn’t want to go to school.

B．Because he left for London to become famous.

C．Because he had stolen deer and was beaten.

D．No one knows for certain.

3．What is the reason why the world could be grateful?

A．He wrote many world-famous plays.           B．He was an actor.

C．He lived a hard life.                         D．He liked to travel all over the world.

4．“In time，as he became a familiar figure”“in time” means ______.

A．on time           B．sometime            C．some time later      D．some time

5.The best title is ______.

A．The Early Life of Shakespeare               B．Shakespeare’s Life in London

C．Shakespeare’s Role in Performance          D．Shakespeare’s Later Life

One day last November, Tom Baker stopped out of his house into the morning light and headed across the rice fields toward the bank of the Rapti River. Tom, a 32-year-old school teacher in the farming village of Madanpur, was going for his morning bath.

As he approached(走近) the river, the head of a tiger(老虎) suddenly appeared over the edge of the river bank. Before he could turn to run, the tiger was upon him. It jumped on his shoulder and threw him to the ground, its huge jaws attacked his head in a killing bite.

Peter Smith was also on his way to the river and saw the attack. He screamed. The tiger lifted its head and roared(吼叫) at him. Peter ran.

From the window of his house John Brown heard the tiger roar and ran out to see it attacking a man. He screamed, too, and all the villagers ran out shouting as the tiger dropped its victim(犧牲品) and ran off. When the villagers reached the river bank, Tom was already dead.

For the villagers, the horror of the incident intensified(加劇) by the tales of man-eating tigers that has once run around in the countryside, killing hundreds.

1 How many people saw the tiger before it was driven off?

A One person.       B. Two persons.       C. Three persons.      D. Four persons.

2. The reason why the tiger attacked the man was     .

A. it was hungry                  B. it was angry

C. it was frightened by the man       D. not mentioned in the passage

3. When did the attack take place?

A. Early in the morning          B. At noon

C. Late in the afternoon          D. At five before dark

4 According to the passage, the underlined word screamed in the third paragraph    probably means ____.

A. gave a sharp cry because of fear.                 B. shouted out for help.

C. made some loud noise.                         D. cried out in pain.

Paris is the capital of the European nation of France. It is also one of the most beautiful and most famous cities in the world.
  Paris is called the City of Light. It is also an international fashion centre. What modern women are wearing in Paris will soon be worn by many women in other parts of the world. Paris is also a famous world center of education. For instance, the headquarters of UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, is in Paris.
  The Seine River divides the city into two parts. Thirty-two bridges cross this scenic river. The oldest and perhaps most well-known is the Pont Neuf, which was built in the sixteenth century. The Sorbonne, a famous university, is located(位于)on the Left Bank(south side)of the river. The beautiful white church Sacre Coeur lies on top of the hill called Montmartre on the Right Bank(north bank) of the Seine.
  There are many other famous places in Paris, such as the famous museum the Louvre as well as the cathedral of Notre Dame. However, the most famous land-mark in this city must be the Eiffel Tower.
  Paris is named after a group of people called the Parisii. They built a small village on an island in the middle of the Seine River about two thousand years ago. This island, called the lle de la Cite, is where Notre Dame is located. Today around eight million people live in the Paris area.
1. A good title for this passage is _______.
A. The French Language
B. The City of Paris
C. Education and Culture in France
D. The Eiffel Tower, the Symbol of Paris
2.The underlined word “headquarters” means _______.
A. buildings                   B. research center    C. leading body               D. chief office
3.According to the passage we can infer that Notre Dame is located _______.
A. on the Left Bank        B. on neither bank   C. on the Right Bank          D. on both banks
4.The Pont Neuf was built _______.
A. in the 1500s                B. in the 1600s     C. in the 1700s                D. around the 1600s

 As my train was delayed for two hours, I had plenty of time to spare. After buying some newspapers to read on the journey, I made my way to the ___1___ office to collect my heavy suitcase I had ___2___ there three days before. There were only a few people ___3___, and I took out my wallet to find the receipt for my case. The receipt didn’t seem to be where I had left it. I ___4___ the contents, and railway tickets, money scraps of paper and photos fell out of it; but no matter how ___5___ I searched, the receipt was nowhere to be found.

When my turn came, I ___6___ the situation sorrowfully to the assistant. The man looked at me ___7___ as if to say that he had ___8___ this kind of story many times and asked me to ___9___ the case. I told him that it was an old, brown looking ___10___ no different from the many cases I could see on the shelves. The assistant then gave me ___11___ and told me to ___12___ of the chief contents of the case. If they were ___13___, he said, I could take the case away. I tried to ___14___ all the articles I had ___15___ packed into the case and wrote them down as they came to me.

After I had done this, I went to ___16___ among the shelves. There were hundreds of cases there. For one dreadful moment, it ___17___ to me that if someone had ___18___ the receipt up he could have easily claimed(認(rèn)領(lǐng)) the case already. This hadn’t happened ___19___, for after a time I found the case lying in a corner. After examining the articles inside, the assistant was ___20___ and told me I could take the case away.

1. A. posting   B. working     C. luggage      D. manager’s

2. A. left  B. forgotten    C. found  D. bought

3. A. standing B. crowding    C. talking D. waiting

4. A threw      B. put      C. looked D. emptied

5. A. often      B. much  C. hard    D. soon

6. A. said B. searched     C. spoke  D. explained

7. A. now and then B. up and down      C. here and there    D. back and forth

8. A. knew     B. realized       C. heard  D. seen

9. A. describe B. draw   C. take out      D. show

10. A. object   B. matter C. subject       D. wallet

11. A. a paper B. a note  C. a message  D. a form

12. A. sign names   B. make a list  C. write down D. draw a picture

13. A. everything    B. wrong C. correct       D. ready

14. A. draw    B. remember   C. read    D. remind

15. A. carelessly     B. suddenly     C. hurriedly    D. immediately

16. A. see       B. watch C. find    D. look

17. A. happened     B. occurred    C. appeared    D. seemed

18. A. picked  B. collected     C. taken  D. stolen

19. A. fortunately   B. unluckily    C. by chance  D. presently

20. A. disappointed B. surprised    C. satisfied     D. worried

The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.

— Thomas Macaulay

Some thirty years ago, I was studying in a public school in New York. One day, Mrs. Nantette O’Neill gave an arithmetic ___1___ to our class. When the papers were ___2___ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the ___3___ mistakes throughout the test.

There is nothing really new about ___4___ in exams. Perhaps that was why Mrs. O’Neill ___5___ even say a word about it. She only asked the twelve boys to ___6___ after class. I was one of the twelve.

Mrs. O’Neill asked ___7___ questions, and she did not ___8___ us either. Instead, she wrote on the blackboard the ___9___ words by Thomas Macaulay. She then ordered us to ___10___ these words into our exercise-books one hundred times.

I don’t ___11___ about the other eleven boys. Speaking for ___12___ I can say: it was the most important single ___13___ of my life. Thirty years after being ___14___ to Macaulay’s words, they ___15___ seem to me the best yardstick(準(zhǔn)繩), because they give us a ___16___ to measure ourselves rather than others.

___17___ of us are asked to made ___18___ decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle. But all of us are called ___19___ daily to make a great many personal decisions. ___20___ the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket ___21___ turned over to the policeman? Should the ___22___ change received at the store be forgotten or ___23___? Nobody will know except ___24___. But you have to live with yourself, and it is always ___25___ to live with someone you respect.

1. A. test B. problem      C. paper  D. lesson

2. A. examined       B. completed   C. marked      D. answered

3. A. easy       B. funny  C. same   D. serious

4. A. lying      B. cheating     C. guessing     D. discussing

5. A. didn’t     B. did      C. would D. wouldn’t

6. A. come     B. leave   C. remain       D. apologize

7. A. no   B. certain C. many  D. more

8. A. excuse   B. reject  C. help    D. scold

9. A. above     B. common     C. following    D. unusual

10. A. repeat   B. get      C. put     D. copy

11. A. worry   B. know  C. hear    D. talk

12. A. myself  B. ourselves    C. themselves D. herself

13. A. chance B. incident      C. lesson D. memory

14. A. referred       B. shown C. brought      D. introduced

15. A. even     B. still     C. always       D. almost

16. A. way     B. sentence     C. choice D. reason

17. A. All B. Few    C. Some  D. None

18. A. quick    B. wise    C. great   D. personal

19. A. out       B. for      C. up      D. upon

20. A. Should  B. Must   C. Would D. Need

21. A. and      B. or       C. then    D. but

22. A. extra    B. small   C. some  D. necessary

23. A. paid      B. remembered       C. shared D. returned

24. A. me       B. you     C. us       D. them

25. A. easier   B. more natural      C. better  D. more peaceful

When sailors are allowed ashore after a long time at sea, they sometimes get drunk and cause trouble. For this reason, the navy ___1___ has its police in big ports. Whenever sailors cause trouble, the police come and ___2___ them.　　

One day, the police in a big seaport received a telephone call ___3___ a bar in the town. The barman said that a big sailor had got drunk and ___4___ the furniture in the bar. The officer in charge of the police guard that evening said that he would come immediately.　　

Now, officers who ___5___ and punish the sailors ___6___ drunk usually chose ___7___ policeman they could find to go with them. ___8___ this particular officer did not do this. ___9___, he chose the smallest and ___10___ man he could find to go to the bar with him and ___11___ the sailor.　　

Another officer who ___12___ there was surprised when he saw the officer of the guard chose such a small man. ___13___ he said to him, “Why ___14___ you take a big man with you? You have to fight the sailor who ___15___.”　　

“Yes, you are ___16___ right,” answered the officer of the guard. “That is exactly ___17___ I am taking this small man. If you see two policemen coming ___18___ you, and one is ___19___ the other, which one ___20___ you attack?”　　

1. A. always   B. seldom       C. forever       D. sometimes　　

2. A. meet with      B. deal with    C. see     D. judge　　

3. A. about     B. from   C. in       D. of　　

4. A. was breaking B. was ordering      C. was moving       D. was dusting　　

5. A. would go       B. might beat  C. dared to fight     D. had to go　　

6. A. slightly   B. not at all     C. heavily       D. much more　　

7. A. the biggest     B. the youngest      C. the bravest D. the experienced　　

8. A. In fact    B. But     C. So      D. And　　

9. A. Instead   B. Therefore   C. Although    D. Then　　

10. A. good-looking       B. weakest-looking　    C. ugly-looking    D. strongest-looking　　

11. A. seize     B. kill      C. get rid of    D. catch up with　　

12. A. will go  B. had come   C. would start off          D. happened to be　　

13. A. Yet       B. But     C. So      D. Then　　

14. A. don’t    B. couldn’t     C. can’t   D. do　　

15. A. looks strong B. is drunk      C. seems rude D. is dangerous　　

16. A. all B. very    C. too     D. quite　　

17. A. how     B. what   C. why    D. that　　

18. A. up B. at C. before D. towards　　

19. A. not smaller than   B. as big as　　       C. as small as D. much smaller than

20. A. could    B. will     C. do      D. can　　

When I was in primary school，I got into a major argument with a boy in my class.I can't   __1__   what it was about，but I have never forgotten the   __2__   I learned that day.

I was  __3__   that I was right and he was wrong－and he was sure that I was wrong and he was right.The  __4__   decided to teach us a very important lesson.She  __5__  both of us up to the  __6__  of the class and  __7__   him on one side of her desk and me on   __8__.In the middle of her desk was a large，round object.I could  __9__  see that it was black.She asked the boy what  __10__  the object was.“White，”he answered.

I couldn't believe he said the object was white，__11__  it was obviously black！Another __12__  started between my classmate and me，this   __13__   about the color of the object.

The teacher told me to go stand where the boy was standing and told him to come stand where I had been.We changed   __14__，and now she asked me what the color of the object was.I   __15__ answer，“White.”It was an object with two   __16__   colored sides，and from his side it was white.__17__   from my side was it black.

My teacher taught me a very important lesson that day：You must   __18__   in the other person's shoes and look at the  __19__   through their eyes in order to  __20__   understand their view.

1．A.think                  B．suppose

C．remind                 D．remember

2．A.lesson               B．lecture

C．class                    D．text

3．A.told                   B．wished

C．convinced             D．a(chǎn)llowed

4．A.officer              B．teacher

C．doctor                   D．parent

5．A.told                   B．came

C．brought                 D．woke

6．A.back                  B．front

C．middle                   D．side

7．A.planted              B．placed

C．had                     D．fixed

8．A.the other             B．a(chǎn)nother

C．other                    D．others

9．A.happily              B．fortunately

C．clearly                   D．nearly

10．A.width               B．shape

C．color                     D．size

11．A.when                B．unless

C．until                      D．if

12．A.fight                 B．a(chǎn)rgument

C．conversation          D．game

13．A.time                 B．year

C．month                  D．day

14．A.places               B．seats

C．a(chǎn)ttitudes                D．glasses

15．A.needed to          B．was able to

C．hoped to                D．had to

16．A.similarly            B．differently

C．beautifully             D．surprisingly

17．A.Still                 B．Since

C．Only                     D．Also

18．A.seat                 B．stand

C．lie                        D．put

19．A.situation            B．movement

C．condition               D．behaviour

20．A.unexpectedly   B．suddenly

C．quietly                  D．truly

One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by selling goods door to door found that he only had one dime (一角銀幣) left. He was hungry so he decided to    36   for a meal at the next house. However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door.    37    a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked    38    so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I   39   you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept    40   for a kindness.” He said, “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger    41   , but it also increased his faith in God and the human race. He was about to give up and    42    before this point. Years later the young woman became critically ill. The    43    doctors were baffled (阻擋). They finally sent her to the big city, where specialists can be called in to study her    44   disease. Dr. Howard Kelly, now    45  was called in for the consultation (會診). When he heard the name of the town she came from, a(an)    46   light filled his eyes.    47  , he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room. Dressed in his doctor’s gown he went in to see her. He    48   her at once. He went back to the    49  room and determined to do his best to save her life. From that day on, he gave special    50   to her case.

After a long struggle, the battle was    51 . Dr. Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval. He looked at it and then    52   something on the side. The bill was sent to her room. She was    53   to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill    54   her attention. She read these words…

“Paid in full with a glass of    55  .”

(Singed) Dr. Howard Kelly

Tears of joy flooded her eyes as she prayed silently: “Thank you, God. Your love has spread through human hearts and hands.”

36.A. ask B. beg     C. wait    D. look

37. A. Because of   B. In front of  C. In case of   D. Instead of

38. A. upset    B. thirsty C. hungry       D. sad

39. A. owe     B. cost    C. lend    D. own

40. A. offer    B. pay     C. help    D. thanks

41. A. quickly B. mentally     C. physically   D. warmly

42. A. quit      B. continue     C. retire   D. surrender

43. A. local     B. poor    C. kind    D. cruel

44. A. common      B. ordinary     C. rare    D. scarce

45. A. old       B. famous       C. unknown    D. retired

46. A. strange B. special C. poor   D. angry

47. A. Suddenly     B. Generally    C. Unfortunately     D. Immediately

48. A. called          B. recognized  C. remembered      D. found

49. A. waiting B. treating       C. information D. consultation

50. A. interest B. food    C. attention           D. effort

51. A. defeated       B. won    C. lost     D. completed

52. A. changed       B. read    C. crossed      D. wrote

53. A. excited B. afraid  C. nervous      D. surprised

54. A. caught  B. called  C. paid    D. caused

55. A. water                 B. coffee                      C. milk                         D. ice cream