Uncertainty spreads through our lives so thoroughly that it dominates our language，Our everyday speech is made up in large part of words like probably, many, soon,great,little.What do these words mean? 
Such verbal imprecision is not necessarily to be criticized. Indeed, it has a value Just because it allows uw to express judgments when a precise quantitative statement is out of the question.
We have been trying to pin down by experiments what people meari by these expressions in specific contexts, and how the meanings change with age. For instance,a subject is told "There are many trees in the park" and is asked to say what number the word may mean to him. Or a child is invited to take "some" sweets from a bowl and we then count how many he has taken. We compare the number he takes when he is alone with the number when one or more other children are present and are to take some sweets after him, or with the number he takes when told to give
“some" sweets to another child.
First, we find that the number depends, of course, on the items involved. To most people some friends means about five, while some trees means about twenty. However, unrelated areas sometimes show parallel values. For instance, the language of probability seems to mean about the same thing in predictions about the weather and about politics: the expression is certain to( rain,or be elected)signifies to the average person about a 70 percent chance; is likely to, about a 60 percent chance; probably will, about 55 percent.
Secondly, the size of the population of items influences the value assigned to an expression.Thus, if we tell a subject to take "a few" or“a lot of" glass balls from a box, he will take me if the box contains a large number of glass balls than if it has a small number, But not proportionately more: if we increase the number of glass balls eight times, the subject takes only half as large a percentage of the total.
Thirdly, there is a marked change with age. Among children between six and fourteen years old, the older the child, the fewer glass balls, he will take. But the difference between a lot and a few widens with age. This age effect is so consistent that it might be used as a test of intelligence.
51. What's the right attitude towards the words like probably, any and soon ?
A. They are inaccurate and we should avoid them.
B. They are necessary since we cannot be always precise.
C. They should be criticized because there are too many of them.
D. Their value is not yet clear since we don't know their meaning.
52. Why do we do experiments with the words many and some?
A. To prove that people are insensitive to these words.
B. To prove that the words dominate our everyday speech.
C. To find out how the meanings vary with age and contexts.
D. To find out whether the words can mean a precise quantity.
53. Which of the following expressions means a larger chance in weather broadcast?
A. Possible.   B. Probable.   C. Be likely to.  D. Be certain to.
54. Which of the following is similar to the underlined word signifies in its meaning?
A. makes    B. means     C. predicts    D. indicates
55. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Uncertainty in the Language Use.
B. How to Use Language in an Uncertain Way
C.Uncertain Words and their Use in Specific Contexts
D. Experiments on Relationship between Uncertainty and Language Use

Bend over, take a deep breath and drink some water! This is just one of hundreds of tips you might get if you have the hiccups （打嗝）．Hiccups are so mysterious．We really don't know why they start and why they stop．
Everyone has a favorite cure for a case of the hiccups．Some people think that a good scare is necessary to get well．Others eat a teaspoon of sugar．Still others drink a glass of water with a knife in it．
An American man named Jack O'Leary said he had hiccupped 160 million times over a period of eight years．He tried 60,000 cures, but none of them worked．At last he prayed to Saint Jude, the saint of Hopeless cases, and his hiccupping stopped immediately.
It took a British plumber eight months to cure his hiccups．People from all over the world wrote him letters with suggestions for getting well．He tried them all, but the hiccups continued．Finally, he drank a "secret" mixture someone had sent him．By that evening his hiccups were gone．
Why did these cures work for these two men? No one really knows．But people who have studied many cases of hiccups have an idea—hiccups usually go away if you believe in the cure．
【小題1】How did Jack O'Leary stop his hiccups?

The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize. Jet Lag is not a psychological consequence of having to readjust to a different time zone. It is due to changes in the body’s physiological regulatory mechanisms, specifically the hormonal systems, in a different environment.
Now that we understand what Jet Lag is, we can go some way to overcome it. A great number of the body’s events are scheduled to occur at a certain time of day. Naturally these have to be regulated, and there are two regulatory systems which interact.
One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone. The other belongs in our internal clocks (the major one of which may be physically located in a part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus) which, left alone, would tie the body to a 25-hour rhythm. Normally the two timers are in step, and the surroundings tend to regularize the internal clocks to the more convenient 24-hour period.
  If, however, you move the whole body to a time zone which is four hours different, the two clocks will be out of step, like two alarm clocks which are normally set together, but which have been reset a few hours apart. Whereas the two clocks would normally sound their alarms together, now they ring at different times. Similarly, the body can be set for evening while the sun is rising.
In time the physiological system will reset itself, but it does take time. One easily monitored rhythm is palm sweating. A man flown to a time zone different by 10 hours will take eight days to readjust his palm sweat. Blood pressure, which is also rhythmical, takes four days to readjust.
What can we do about it? It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. Fortunately there is a short cut. It relies on two things-the power of the stomach to regulate the timing of other events, and the pharmacological actions of coffee. The basic assumptions are:
Coffee delays the body clock in the morning, and advances it at night. Coffee at mid-afternoon is neutral. Protein in meals stimulates wakefulness, while carbohydrates promote sleep. Putting food into an empty stomach helps synchronize the body clock.
46. What is jet lag associated with?
A. Psychological change.           B. Physiological change.
C. Inexperience of rapid travel.      D. Unfamiliar environment.
47. What helps us to adjust to a 24-hour rhythm?
A. Alarm clock.                  B. Suprachiasmatic nucleus in our brain.
C. Signals from outside of the body.   D. Our senses and stomachs.
48. What do we know from the fifth paragraph?
A. A person moving to a different time zone will suffer from high blood pressure.
B. A person moving to a different time zone will sweat a lot.
C. Moving to a different time zone will affect both palm sweat and blood pressure.
D. If the rhythm of blood pressure and palm sweat are not in step, there will be jet lag.
49. What should we do if we want to stay awake?
A. To take coffee at three o’clock in the afternoon.
B. To have meals that contain lots of protein.
C. To have some carbohydrate drinks.
D. To stop putting food into our stomach.
50. How can we cure jet lag?
A. To sleep for days.      B. To wait for self-recovery.
C. To drink tea.          D. To get something to eat.

Enjoy the sumptuous Easter lunch buffet and children will be given the lovely Easter chocolate eggs。
Time：Mar, 28-mar 30, 2009 11:00 am—3:00 pm
Place：lucky corner coffee shop (hotel first floor)
Price：150 + 15% service charge     half price for children under 12 years old.
Reservations：Scitech hotel 65123388-2114 or 2164
Bring your family and friends along to The Palace Hotel this Easter and enjoy the traditional treats of the season. Forget about the calories and enjoy favourite goodies such as Easter eggs, chocolate bunnies and hot cross buns, which will be sold outside.
Palm Court Coffee House every day from 8:00 am to 9:00 pm.
PALM COURT COFFEE HOUSE
Friday, March 28-- lavish fish buffet for lunch and dinner priced at RMB 180 for adults, half price for children.
Sunday, March 30--Roast carving buffet priced at RMB 160 for adults, half price for children.
ROMA RISTORANTE ITALLANO
Sunday, March 30 --Delicious seafood lunch priced at RMB 198 for adults, children under 10 years half price. Youngsters can work off their extra energy in a special supervised play area next to the restaurant.
Prices are subject to a 15% surcharge
Reservations on 65128899, ext. 7492 for Roma Ristorante: ext. 7561 for Palm Court.  
March 30th brings a fun-filled Easter entertainment program to the Crazy Sunday Brunch at the Patio Coffee Shop from 11:00 am-3:00 pm!
Children under 10 year old accompanying their parents will enjoy this special meal for free and can even win lots of treat prices in the Egg Painting Competition!
WE GUARANTEE You A Fun Easter Sunday
Please register your children for the contest no later the March 29th as space is limited.
For further information and reservations, please call 64376688 ext, 2873/2865 Holiday Inn Lido Beijing
RMB 150.00 + 15% Surcharge(附加費)
Happy Easter  
March 30   11:00—14:30
Hilton Hotel
The Easter Bunny is coming to town!
Join him for a special Easter Brunch at the Atrium cafe and enjoy traditional Easter favourites.
RMB 195 + 15% surcharge
Children under 12 years old free of charge. Surprise gift for the children at the Kid’s Corner.
60. The main purpose of the advertisements is to give information about _______ .
A. weekend activities                                               B. a holiday celebrations
C. the price for the meals in big hotels            D. Egg Painting Competition
61. It can be learned from the advertisements that the children can enjoy themselves most in _______ .
A．Lido Holiday Inn       B．Palace Hotel         C．Scitech Hotel   D．Hilton Hotel
62. If you want to have an Easter meal on March 28, which hotel can you go to?
A．Scitech Hotel and Lido Holiday Inn              B．The Palace Hotel and Hilton Hotel
C．Hilton Hotel and Lido Holiday Inn               D．Scitech Hotel and the Palace Hotel
63. If you have Easter Brunch in Hiton Hotel you will pay RMB _______ for it.
A． 195                      B．  224.25     C．  165.75      D．  97.5

Everyone’s at it, even my neighbors. I thought I might be the only person left in the world who hadn’t done an eBay deal. So, I decided to try my hand at online auction（網(wǎng)上拍賣）.
Buying for Beginners
Sign up on www. eBay. co. uk. Most items (e.g. tables, computers and books) ready for auction will come with a picture and a short description; others may be marked with “Buy It Now ” and have a fixed price. You can buy these right away.
If the item is being auctioned, you offer the highest price you are prepared to pay and eBay bids (出價) for you. The bid will be increased little by little until it goes beyond your highest bid, then you are emailed and asked if you would like to bid again. Auctions last up to 10 days and when they finish, you get an email telling you whether you have won the item.
How to Pay
Sellers decide how they would like to be paid and you need to check this before placing a bid as you might not want to post a check or postal orders. The easiest way is through PayPal, an online payment system that takes the money away from your credit card.
Selling Made Simple
If you plan to sell on eBay, it helps to include a picture of the item. I followed my friends’ advice and put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10-day auction, starting on a Thursday. This way buyers had two weekends to bid.
The big Things in Life
It’s easy to post a small item, but furniture is a big part of eBay and this has to be collectively sent by deliverymen. Check the ways of delivery before you bid.
64. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How to make payment online.                       B. Ways of making delivery online.
C. How to use an online-auction system.             D. Advantages of an online auction system.
65. After bidding for an item, a buyer ________.
A. has chances to make higher bids                    B. will get what he wants in ten days
C. should make payment immediately          D. may check its picture and description
66. The easiest way of making payment mentioned in the passage is ________.
A. through a local banking system                      B. by sending the money to the seller
C. through an online payment system                 D. by paying the deliveryman directly

Everybody hates it，but everybody does it．A recent report said that 40％of Americans hate tipping．But why do tips exist?
The common opinion in the past was that tips both rewarded the efforts of good service and reduced uncomfortable feelings of inequality．It is believed that the better the service is，the bigger the tip will be．
But according to a new research from Cornell University，tips no longer serve any useful function．The paper analyzes number they got from 2，547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants．The connection between larger tips and better service was very weak．
Tipping is better explained by culture than by the money people spend．In America，tipping is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service．In New York restaurants，failing to tip at least 15％could well mean dissatisfaction from the customers Hairdressers can expect to get 15％一20％．a(chǎn)nd the mall who delivers your fast food should be paid$2．In Europe，tipping is less common．In many restaurants the amount of tip is decided by a standard service charge In many Asian countries，tipping has never really caught on at a11．Only a few have really taken to tipping。
According to Michael Lynn，the Cornell papers’author，countries in which people are more social or outgoing tend to tip more．tie says，“In America，where people are expressive and eager to mix up with others，tipping is about social approval If you tip badly，people think less of you .Tipping well is a chance to show off．”
68．This passage is mainly about        
A．different kinds of tipping in different countries
B．the relationship between tipping and countries
C．the origin and present meanings of tipping
D．the reason why American people hate tipping
69．Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase“caught on”in paragraph 4?
A．been hated      B．become popular   C．been stopped    D．been permitted
70．Eating in a well—known restaurant in New York，who is likely to tip most?
A．A Frenchman．    B．A Chinese．  C．A Japanese．    D．An American．
71．We can infer from this passage that        ．
A．tipping is no longer a good way to satisfy some customers themselves
B．tipping has something to do with people’s character
C．tipping in America can make service better now
D．tipping is no longer popular in New York

If you are human, you can’t help but experience times when everything seems to be going wrong and you feel as if your life is completely out of control. It is during those “down times” that words of encouragement from family, friends, co-workers or even strangers can lighten your spirits. It is also during those times that destructive words can sink you deeper and deeper into depression.
For example, consider this story about a group of frogs who were traveling through the woods when two of them fell into a deep pit （坑）. All of the other frogs gathered around the pit. When they saw how deep the pit was, they told the two unfortunate frogs they would never get out.
The two frogs ignored the comments and tried to jump out of the pit. The other frogs kept telling them to stop. Finally, one of the frogs took heed of what the other frogs were saying and simply gave up. He fell down and died. The other frog continued to jump as hard as he could. Once again the crowd of frogs shouted at him to stop the pain. The more they shouted, the harder he jumped and finally he made it to safety.
When he got out, the other frogs asked him why he continued to jump when they were all shouting at him to simply quit. The frog explained to them that he was a little bit deaf. He thought they were encouraging him the entire time.
Every time you have a chance to say either something positive or negative to another human being, do choose the chance to say something positive! Don’t let those opportunities get away from you. Your words have a large amount of power. Use them wisely. You really never know just how much they can mean to someone else.
68. The first paragraph tells us that words play an important part especially when         .
A. we stay with our family, friends and co-workers
B. we hear strangers say something to us
C. we get through hard times in life
D. we make some big mistakes
69. The underlined phrase “took heed of ” had the similar meaning with “     ”.
A. acted according to            B. had some doubt
C. held on to                   D. got used to
70. The more they shouted, the harder he jumped and finally he made it to safety. That’s because        .
A. he struggled to prove that they were wrong  
B. he thought they were encouraging him
C. he was angry with what they said              
D. he didn’t want to let them down
71. After reading the passage, readers should learn a lesson that        .
A. we can use encouraging words to help others out 
B. having a positive attitude is important in life
C. never give up until we win   D. we must believe in ourselves rather than others

第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題，每題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳答案，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Today most Chinese teenagers are happy to be favored by two parents and four grandparents
in their families. But have you ever thought about how to take care of four to twelve old people
when you grow up and get married? This could be a problem for most Chinese youths as China is
entering a new stage of an aging society.
An aging society refers to one where 10 percent or more of its population is over 60. By the end of 2007, Chinese over 60 years old have made up 11.7 percent of the nation’s total population.
“China is getting old before becoming rich,” said Cai Chuang, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The population increase that has powered Chinese growth for three decades will give way over the next ten years to a rapid aging of the society. This will lead to weaker economic growth, because of a lack of labor resources.
As a result of the family planning policy, it is expected that the country’s total working population will decrease after 2015.
China is not the only country getting old. More that 60 countries have become aging societies and one in three people in the European Union is a senior citizen.
However, experts said that China doesn’t have a highly developed social security network to support the old. Social security is an insurance program protecting those in need, including the old, the disabled and others.
56．An aging society is a society that        .
A．less that 10% of its population is over 60
B．10% or more of its population is over 60
C．there are four old people in a family
D．most of its population is over 60
57．If China enters an aging society,      .
A．there will not be enough labor resources
B．the family planning policy will be ended
C．everyone needs to take care of four to twelve old people
D．China will have a highly developed social security network
58．What does Cai Chuang mean by saying “China is getting old before becoming rich.”?
A．China will be an aging society, then be a developed country.
B．China will be a rich country before being an aging society.
C．An aging society will affect Chinese economy development.
D．China will stop developing because of its aging problem.
59．The passage mainly talks about         .
A．a(chǎn)n aging society             B．Chinese social problem
C．family panning policy     D．a(chǎn)ging problem in China

What can be found in the two recent studies?
One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards．Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study, which appeared last month in the journal Science．They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner's Dilemma．The game is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group．The students played in groups of four．Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally．But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher．Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation （合作）．The groups that rewarded most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded least．And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings．The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment．
The other study referred to children, which was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse．Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups．More than eight hundred children were ages two to four the first time they were tested．More than seven hundred children were ages five to nine．The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test．Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not．The study says the IQs ?or intelligence quotients—of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were．In the older group, the difference was almost three points．Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire' worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation．Professor Strauss has written extensively about physical punishment of children．He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development．He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common．
72．We can learn from the passage that ____．
A．the first study began last month at Harvard University in America
B．the Prisoner's Dilemma is a game that can teach you how to be cooperative
C．the study on the IQs of children was carried out by Professor Murray Strauss
D．Professor Mallie has done lots of researches on family violence
73．What study method was adopted in the two recent studies according to the passage?
A．Observation．       B．Questionnaire．      C．Conclusion． D．Experiment．
74．The underlined word "spanked" in the third paragraph refers to ____．
A．scolded constantly      B．punished physically
C．praised frequendy           D．rewarded mentally
75．Which of the following charts is TRUE according to the passage?

Here are some of the most common causes of fatigue, and what you can do about them.
Inadequate Sleep. If you don’t get enough sleep you’ll be tired but it’s rare that busy people get enough sleep. When there aren’t enough hours in the day to do everything, something has to give, and that’s usually sleep. Don’t fool yourself that you can get by on five or six hours of sleep a night. Most people need at least eight hours and some even more.
Hormone Imbalances. Thyroid disease is extremely common today, especially among young women and the elderly. As common as thyroid disease is, its symptoms are so similar to so many other ailments that it often goes unnoticed by both doctors and patients. If you’re suffering from fatigue, get your thyroid hormone levels checked.
Food Allergies. You may be allergic to common foods like dairy, eggs, nuts, wheat, corn, chocolate, or coffee. If you suffer from coughing or wheezing, digestive problems, headaches, muscle aches or joint pain, itching and skin problems, in addition to fatigue, try cutting out each of these foods for a week to see if you feel better without it. Also, don’t eat excessive amounts of any particular food during any one day.
Environmental Toxins. Fatigue may result from our polluted environment. If, in addition to fatigue, you suffer from headaches, allergies or respiratory problems, you may be absorbing airborne toxins. Check the ventilation system in your home and office. Buy houseplants, air filters, and water filters for your home. If you’re working in a “sick” building you may have to look for another job.
Couch Potato Syndrome. Fifty percent of depression and fatigue can be caused by inactivity. For an energy boost, do anything that gets you moving for 20 to 30 minutes a day.
Anemia. Anemia can be a hidden disease in women. If you’re tired for no known reason, have your total iron count taken. Sometimes, even though your blood count may show a normal level of red blood cells, you may still be deficient in iron. If your iron count is low, you may need supplements.
Cigarette Smoking. Cigarettes are an enormous energy drain. They rob the body’s cells of oxygen and produce carbon monoxide poisoning.
Too Much Coffee. If you drink a lot of coffee in the effort to beat fatigue, in the long run you’ll be even more tired. Coffee gives you a temporary lift at the cost of long-term energy.
Poor Nutrition. The typical American diet, high in refined foods and animal fat, supplies inadequate nutrients and drains energy. Switch to a diet low in animal protein and saturated fat and high in fruits, vegetables, grains and beans. Cut out highly processed foods. Take vitamins.
62. What does the underlined word “fatigue” mean?
A. tiredness        B. weakness         C. sickness          D. laziness
63. Couch potato syndrome has something to do with ______.
A. potato          B. couch            C. energy           D. inactivity
64. According to the passage, you can infer that ______.
A. you can always do with five or six hours of sleep a night.
B. fifty percent of depression and fatigue can be caused by inactivity.
C. it’s easier for women to catch thyroid disease or anemia.
D. the more coffee you drink, the less tired you are.
65. Which of the following is NOT one of the causes of fatigue according to the passage?
A. Polluted environment.          B. Cigarette smoking.           C. Low iron count.
D. A diet low in animal protein and saturated fat and high in fruits, vegetables, grains and beans.