It has been found that less than one shopper in five makes a complete shopping list before going to the store. The reason for this is that seven out of ten of today’s purchases(購(gòu)買) are decided in the store, where the shoppers tend toward impulse(沖動(dòng)) buying. Buying groceries on impulse had risen for the past forty years, and this rise has coincided(巧合) with the growth of self-service shopping. However, in grocery stores where clerks wait on customers there is much less impulse buying. It is hard for people to buy on impulse if they have to address a clerk.
Psychologists have joined forces with merchandising(商品) experts. It is their job to persuade people to buy products which they may not need or even want until they see them attractively presented. It was discovered by the psychologists that shoppers want help in their purchases. Having so many choices confuses them, and they prefer the package that attracts them. Therefore, it is now more usual for food packers to pay attention to their package design. Attraction depends heavily on the position of the product on the shelf, however. Thus, persuading the shopper to buy is easier if the product is located at eye-level.
【小題1】According to the information in the first paragraph, ______ make a complete list.

A．only five shoppers	B．less than twenty percent of the shoppers
C．only ten percent of the shoppers	D．not even five percent of the shoppers

【小題2】The reason for the above mentioned phenomenon is that _______.

A．people have difficulty making up their mind before going shopping

B．people don’t know what is available in the store

C．people tend to decide on buying products when they see them

D．people are easily deceived(欺騙) by the attractive products

【小題3】In grocery stores where customers are served there is less impulse shopping. This may be because ________.

A．the clerks ignore the customers

B．the clerks are too eager to serve the customers

C．the stores have to send the shopper’s purchases to his house

D．customers hesitate to ask for help if they haven’t decided what to buy

【小題4】Shoppers tend to buy the products put on _______.

A．the top shelf	B．the bottom shelf
C．the shelf which people can see easily	D．the shelf where there is less confusion

【小題5】Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?

A．Psychologists and Merchandising Experts.	B．Impulse Buying.
C．The more Products the More Confusion.	D．Self-service Shopping.

It tastes just like chicken
Away from home, eating is more than just a way to keep your stomach full．It is a language all its own, and no words can say, "Glad to meet you ．．．glad to be doing business with you ．．．" quite like sharing a meal offered by your host．
Clearly, mealtime is not the time for you to say, "Thanks, but no thanks．" Acceptance of the food on your plate means acceptance of host, country, and company．So, no matter how difficult it may be to swallow, swallow it．Or, as one experienced traveler says, "Travel with a cast-iron stomach and eat everything everywhere．"
Often, the food offered represents proudly your host country’s eating culture．What would Ataiericans think of a French person who refused to take a bite of homemade apple pie ? Our discomfort comes not so much from the thing itself; it comes from our umamiliarity with it．After all, an oyster has remarkably the same look as a sheep’s eye; and a first look at a lobster would remind almost anybody of a creature from a science fiction movie, not something you dip in butter and eat．By the way, in Saudi Arabia sheep’s eyes are a famous dish and in parts of China it’s bear’s paw soup．
Can you refuse such food without being rude? Most experienced business travelers say no, at least not before taking at least a few bites．It helps, though, to cut any item very thin．This way, you minimize the taste and the reminder of where it came from．Or, " Swallow it quickly, " as one traveler recommends．"I still can’t tell you what sheep’s eyeballs taste like．" As for dealing with taste, the old line that "it tastes just like chicken" is often thankfully true．Even when the "it" is really rat or snake．
Another useful piece of advice is not knowing what you are eating．What’s for dinner? Don’t ask． Avoid glancing into the kitchen or looking at English-language menus．Your host will be pleased that you are eating the food he offers, and who knows? Maybe it really is chicken in that soup．
【小題1】The purpose of the article is to ____．

A．introduce unfamiliar food

B．share the writer’s personal experiences

C．suggest ways to overcome a cultural barrier

D．a(chǎn)dvise on how to politely refuse to eat foreign food

【小題2】According to the writer, people hesitate at strange food mainly due to ____．

A．the way it looks

B．safety worries

C．lack of information about it

D．the unfamiliar atmosphere

【小題3】From the article we can infer that ____．

A．a(chǎn)n American may feel comfortable with sirloin

B．one should refuse strange food after a few bites

C．English-language menus are not always dependable

D．one needs a cast-iron stomach to travel in other cultures

【小題4】One may say "It tastes just like chicken．" when ____．

A．showing respect for chicken-loving nations

B．greeting people with different dieting habits

C．evaluating chefs at an international food festival

D．getting someone to try a visually unpleasant meal

Begin doing the work you love as soon as possible, even if you don’t get paid for it, or if you can only work at it part-time. Albert Einstein was unable to get a job as a physics professor. He could have said to himself, “Well, I just don’t have the work relative to physics. I should give up on it and settle for something else.” Instead, he wrote the two most famous papers when he was employed as a patent  clerk. After their publication, there was not a major university in the world that would not have been glad to have him on their staff.
If you want to work as an artist and you are making a living as a waiter, don’t think of yourself as a waiter who hopes one day to become an artist. That puts the work you love somewhere off in the distant future. Rather, think of yourself as an artist, supporting yourself by waiter tables—and paint, or draw as much as you can. It is possible to earn a living wage as a waiter working 24 hours a week. That leaves plenty of time to devote to training or developing your craft（手藝）in the off hours.
While seeking the work you love, it helps to expand your awareness  into the universe of all possibilities. You don’t want to be limited to the ideas of what you should do or what you have done before. Having opened to all possibilities, you can make a final decision and select the work you love as your own.
Doing the work you love requires that you be equally comfortable with the imaginative and the practical. It requires the ability to dream big dreams and the ability to face and master all the little details that make dreams come true.
【小題1】According to the passage, perhaps Einstein once said to himself, “_______.”

A．Well, I just don’t have the work relative to physics. I should give up on it and settle for something else

B．The job is just what I want, I should work very hard at it

C．I have to support myself by working as a patent clerk now, but I won’t give physics up

D．I must wait until I find my favorite job

【小題2】If a person works 24 hours a week, he can________.

A．have enough spare time for his hobbies

B．have no time left to make his dream come true

C．do nothing else

D．make a good living

【小題3】Which of the following is not implied in the last paragraph?

A．Sometimes the imaginative is different from the practical.

B．We have to take care of a lot of details before we make our dreams come true.

C．We shall do practical things rather than dream.

D．We shall dream big dreams and practice as well.

【小題4】According to the passage, the author encourages us to ________.

A．start work quickly	B．select job carefully and patiently
C．dream often	D．make up our minds quickly

Exited about landing your first job after graduation? Good, work hard and get learning. Don’t forget to listen to young professional’s advice about the “real world” you’re stepping into.
1. Keep up with current events.
In school, it’s easy to live in a cocoon, where you focus on studies and social life. But in the working world, not knowing who Alan Greenspan is or why North Korea is in the news so often can lead to potentially embarrassing conversations.
2. Consider living with parents, even if you have a job.
Think it over before you rule it out. Not only can you save a lot of money by living at home, but your parents may provide emotional support that you may need. They can help pave the way for you to move once you are settled into your new life.
3. Don’t compare yourself to other people your age.
Young adults are good at putting up impressive appearance, but you don’t really know what their lives are like. Those who seem to have the perfect job may spend part of the day making coffee and picking up boss’s dry-cleaning.
4. Pay attention to small jobs as well as big ones.
Don’t stress if, in your first job or internship(實(shí)習(xí)期), you get a lot more face time with the copy machine than with clients. You may wonder why you spent so much time studying in school only to do such tasks. But you may also be learning more about your new professional than you realize.
5. Know when it’s time to move on.
Give a new job a chance, perhaps a year, before you make up your mind to leave, especially if it’s your first job out of school. When you’re sure that the job isn’t for you, figure out what you want to do and how to do it. Zhang Yue, 26, spent three years working as an accountant in Shanghai before becoming a financial planner. He loves his new job and spent 10 months searching for it: “To find something you really want to do takes time.”
【小題1】 By mentioning Alan Greenspan, the author wants to show ____.

A．how he succeeded

B．why he is important to the world nowadays

C．it is necessary to know key figures

D．he has a strong effect on the world

【小題2】Which of the following is TRUE?

A．Comparing yourself to other people your age will make you harmed.

B．If you don’t have impressive appearance, you can’t pick up boss’ dry-cleaning.

C．What you have learned in school may come to nothing in your first job.

D．Even a small job can do good.

【小題3】 The last sentence means “____”.

A．It’s easy to find a new job once you have experience

B．If you hope to do something, you need suffer too much

C．You needn’t be worried, even though you are trying to find a good job

D．It will take you time to find a job that suits you well

【小題4】The aim to write the passage is to ____.

A．show how and why to get a satisfying job after graduation

B．give some advice about how to behave when you work

C．encourage people to ask for help from parents

D．expect people to fit in with the working conditions as soon as possibl

IS IT TIME TO GET － MP3
Your computer has been playing music for years, one CD at a time．Now hundreds of songs can be stored in your PC if they’re in the MP3 format．
What is it?
MP3 compresses (壓縮) music into small computer—friendly files．You access MP3 music several ways: Tunes can be downloaded from websites that have converted (轉(zhuǎn)變) vast music libraries into MP3．Or you can prerecorded CDs into your PC and convert songs in minutes into MP3．Once MP3 music is on your PC’s hard drive, you can play it through your computer’s speakers, “burn” it onto blank CDs or swap (交換) MP3 files with friends using e—mail．
How much?
Software needed to play and convert MP3 music is often free．It is preinstalled (預(yù)先安裝)on most new computers or can be downloaded from many websites, including MP3, com．Some MP3 sites are free．Just type at around $50 and can hold hundreds of songs．A blank CD on which you can record music costs about a dollar．
Advantages
MP3 turns your home PC into a jukebox (自動(dòng)唱機(jī))．Tiny MP3 players are the size of a deck of cards, making it easy to take hundreds of songs with you．
Disadvantages
You may find that music at many sites is limited．And some only allow you to listen rather than download offerings．Others let you download music that then can’t be copied to MP3 players．And a growing number of new CDs make it impossible to copy songs to a computer．
【小題1】How can you get Mp3 music?

A．By turning your home PC into jukebox．

B．By taking you own music or songs with you．

C．By copying songs to a PC through the speakers．

D．By downloading from websites which have converted music libraries．

【小題2】Which is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Software needed to play and convert MP3 music is often free of charge．

B．MP3 music can be “burned” onto bland CDs or swapped with friends by e—mail．

C．MP3 music can be taken along while traveling．

D．A greater number of new CDs make it possible to copy songs to a computer．

【小題3】How much will you pay for a MP3 player?

A．Free of charge

B．Free downloading

C．At least fifty dollars

D．About a dollar

【小題4】What is the closest meaning of the underlined word “burn”?

A．Copy

B．Play

C．Store

D．Change

Everyone has got two personalities (性格) —the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control yourself, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, you often change your sleeping positions. The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.
If you go to sleep on your back, you’re a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas. You don’t like to make people unhappy, so you never express your real feelings. You’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets. You worry a lot and you’re always easily becoming sad. You never want to change your ideas, but you are satisfied with your life the way it is. You usually live for today not for tomorrow.
If you sleep on curled up (蜷縮), you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt, so you are very defensive. You’re shy and you don’t usually like meeting people. You like to be on your own.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced (平衡的) personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You’re usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel worried, but you don’t often get unhappy. You always say what you think, even if it makes people angry.
【小題1】You may find the passage in_____.

A．a(chǎn) science magazine	B．a(chǎn) guide book
C．a(chǎn) sports newspaper	D．a(chǎn) story book

【小題2】 When does the sleeping position best show your secret personality?

A．In the daytime.	B．At the beginning of sleep.
C．At night.	D．During the deep sleep.

【小題3】 Tina hardly tells her secrets to her friends. She probably goes to sleep _______.

A．on curled up	B．on her stomach
C．on her back	D．on her side

【小題4】What does the word "defensive" mean in the passage?

A．易怒的

B．攻擊性的

C．外向的

D．有戒心的

【小題5】 What does the passage tell us?

A．Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping.

B．Changing positions will cause sleeping problems.

C．Sleeping positions show people’s secret personalities.

D．Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier.

Until recently, I hadn’t done much community service．In face, I did nothing to benefit anyone but myself．My selfishness and laziness were clear before I received an assignment from my teacher．Each student was required to complete 10 hours community service．To me, 10 hours was a huge amount of time to spend helping others．Volunterring, for me, has been a truly life – changing experience．
My mom suggested that I organize a food drive（募捐活動(dòng)）in our development（新建筑宅區(qū)）and donate what I collected to a local shelter．Anything that would help finish the project seemed like a good idea, so I agreed．I made up flyers（傳單）asking for donations and placed flyers at every house in my neighborhood．
I was getting ready to fetch the cans from my neighbor’s yards on the day of the food drive when all of a sudden it started to pour．Rain flooded the roads and wind blew hard, but I was determined to complete my task．My mom drove me around our development and I jumped out at every house to collect items people had put out．
When we finally arrived the shelter, I was a little nervous because I had never been there before．The woman in charge was extremely grateful for the donations and said that the world would be ganizing the food drive and delighted that my service to the community would make a difference in people’s lives．
As I was leaving the shelter, a man asked if I was the one who had brought all the food．I shyly nodded, and he said, “A round here, you are a hero．” From that point on, I made myself a promise that I would serve the community more often, even when it was not required．Through this school assignment, I have realized that caring for others is an important part of living and the world would be a completely different place if people all help those who are less fortunate．
【小題1】From the first paragraph we know the author          ．

A．was satisfied with the assignment of his teacher

B．was unwilling to do good things for others

C．thought it impossible for him to spend 10 hours helping others

D．didn’t realize his selfishness until he received the assignment

【小題2】The author decided to serve the community more often because      ．

A．he was treated as a big hero by his neighbors

B．he received gratitude from the woman in the shelter

C．he found what he did had an effect on people’s lives

D．he found the people in the shelter were warm – hearted

【小題3】The author wrote this passage in order to         ．

A．show his pity for those poor people

B．care about the future of the world

C．give advice on organizing a drive

D．expect more people to think of others

In life, people come across many experiences, which they remember throughout their lives. I had a similar experience, too.
I was very excited. It was the day of my last paper of the final examination. My mind was full of thoughts of how I would spend my vacation. I was especially excited of the invitation that my uncle had given me to stay with him for a few days in Cambridge.
I was prepared for the subject, physics. My friends and I were on the ground doing the last minute revisions and also discussing the questions that were supposed to come in the paper. Suddenly the bell rang and we got into our classrooms. The teacher came and quickly handed out the answer paper and the question paper. The paper was of two hours and some of the expected questions came. I finished it almost forty-five minutes earlier. But since it was a rule not to collect the answer paper before the allotted（規(guī)定的）time. the teacher was not collecting and I had to sit till the time was over. I checked my paper twice and corrected some of the mistakes in it. I started thinking about the place my friends and I had planned to go after the paper.
Though I was thinking for a long time, the time seemed to be endless. So I thought of drawing something on the question paper and turned it overleaf. I was shocked to see that the page which I had supposed to be blank had four more questions on it which carried 20 marks and would take at least half an hour to complete. I had a quick glance at my watch. There were only 10 minutes left. I was so nervous that I was hardly in a state to write anything. They were the sub-questions（小題）of the last question. Suddenly our physics teacher came in and told all of us that in the last question, out of 6 sub-questions only 2 had to be solved. I felt very much relieved.
Thereafter I never made such mistakes again. But I realized that my anxiousness and excitement could have cost me to lose 20 marks and decided never to make such a mistake again.
【小題1】Which of the following statements is true?

A．The writer didn’t work hard at physics.

B．The writer lost 20 marks for the last question.

C．The writer made some mistakes during the exam.

D．The questions on the paper were difficult for the writer.

【小題2】The underlined word “relieved” means ________.

A．more nervous

B．less afraid

C．more surprised

D．less worried

【小題3】We can infer from the passage that _____________.

A．the writer did 2 sub-questions of the last question

B．the writer turned overleaf to do the sub-questions

C．the writer spent 45 minutes finishing the paper

D．the writer got full marks in the physics exam

【小題4】We can learn from the passage that we should _____________.

A．learn some exam skills

B．concentrate on what we are doing

C．try our best to do well in the exam

D．be careful not to make mistakes in the exam

People know the dangers of fires. It’s good for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire. Here are some suggestions.
Put a smoke alarm in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. The alarm makes a loud sound. The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once.
Make escape (逃脫) plan. They should know all the ways out of the house. If there is a fire, everyone follows the plan to get out. Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily.
Buy fire extinguishers(滅火器) in the house. Everyone in the family should know how to use them.
Practice for a fire. They do fire practice because they teach children about fire safety. Ever yone in the family should know the following fire rules:
＊  Don’t open a hot door! The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door.
＊  Stay close to the floor! Smoke can be more dangerous than the fire. The best air is near the floor because smoke rises.
＊  What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn? First, Stop! Don’t run! The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll! Turning over and over will make the fire go out. Put a blanket(毯子) around you to keep air away from the fire that may still be on you..
There are many possible causes for fires. A wise family is ready all the time. If there is a fire, don’t forget to call 119 for help.
【小題1】The writer advises people to do the following to prepare for a fire except that _______.

A．they prepare for a fire	B．they make escape plans
C．they buy fire extinguishers	D．they use electrical cookers

【小題2】What are the right steps you should take when your hair or clothes catch fire?

A．Stop, run, roll .	B．Stop, drop, roll
C．Run, drop, roll	D．Roll, drop, stop

【小題3】What is the best title for this passage?

A．The Dangers of a Fire	B．The Causes of a Fire
C．Learn to Use a Fire Extinguishers	D．Be Ready For a Fire

In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition（學(xué)會(huì)）of each new skill — the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is common that parents hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, and a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm（熱情） for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters; others are severe over time of coming home at night or punctuality（準(zhǔn)時(shí)）for meals. In general, the controls imposed（強(qiáng)加的）represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community（社區(qū)）as much as the child’s own happiness.
As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality.  Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach（說教）, their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.
【小題1】Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills _____.

A．should be avoided

B．is universal among parents

C．sets up dangerous states of worry in the child

D．will make him lose interest in learning new things

【小題2】 When children are learning new skills, parents should _____.

A．a(chǎn)chieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own

B．not expect too much of them

C．encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read

D．create as many learning opportunities as possible

【小題3】The second paragraph mainly tells us that _____.

A．parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children alone

B．parental controls satisfy only the needs of the parents and the values of the community

C．parents should be strict with their children

D．parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation

【小題4】The underlined word “precept” （in Paragraph 3） probably means “_____”.

A．idea

B．punishment

C．instruction

D．behaviour

【小題5】In moral matters, parents should _____.

A．satisfy their children’s needs

B．be aware of the marked difference between adults and children

C．forbid things which have no foundation in morality

D．observe（遵守，奉行） the rules themselves