October 15th is Global Handwashing Day.  Activities are planned in more than twenty countries to get millions of people in the developing world to wash their hands with soap.
Experts say people around the world wash their hands but very few use soap at so-called critical moments. These include after using the toilet, after cleaning a baby and before touching food.
Global Handwashing Day is the idea of the Public-private Partnership for handwashing with soap. The goal, they say, is to create a culture of handwashing with soap. The organizers say all soaps are equally effective at removing disease-causing germs （細(xì)菌）. They say the correct way to wash is to wet your hands with a small amount of water and cover them with soap. Rub it into all areas, including under the fingernails. Then, wash well under running water. Finally, dry your hands with a clean cloth.
The Partnership says soap is important because it increases the time that people spend washing. Soap also helps to break up the dirt that holds most of the germs. And it usually leaves a pleasant smell, which increases the chances that people will wash again.
It also says that washing hands with soap before eating and after using the toilet could save more lives than any medicine. It could help reduce cases of diarrhea （痢疾）, which is the second leading cause of child deaths, killing more than one and a half million children a year, by almost half.
【小題1】What does the author intend to tell us in the passage?

A．To keep healthy by washing hands.	B．To wash hands with soap.
C．To take action to wash hands.	D．To wash hands often.

【小題2】Which of the following is the right way to wash hands?
a. Washing hands well.                b. Covering hands with soap.
c. Drying hands.                     d. Rubbing hands with soap.
e. Wetting hands.

A．a(chǎn)--c--b--e--d	B．e--d--a--b--c
C．a(chǎn)--c--b--d--e	D．e--b--d--a--c

【小題3】Which fact can’t explain why soap is important?

A．It gives people a longer handwashing time.

B．It helps to remove a lot of germs from hands.

C．It attracts people to do more handwashing.

D．It gets all people into the habit of washing hands.

【小題4】According to the last paragraph, diarrhea is a disease that ________.

A．kills half of the kids in the developing countries a year

B．causes the greatest number of child deaths

C．can be prevented to some degree by washing hands with soap

D．can’t be cured without washing hands

閱讀下列短文, 從每題所給的選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卷上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
D
Around the globe, the tourist trade is booming and you are promised to enjoy all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism. The first-class systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’s countries at a moderate cost. What was once the ‘grand tour’, reserved for only the very rich, is now within most people’s grasp. The package tour and chartered flights (包機(jī)) are quite popular to us. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which those on grand tours in the old days couldn’t have dreamed of. With all this coming and going, you would expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! So what’s the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other? So there is a great misdirection in tourist business, especially in conducted tour items.
Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They purposely set out to “protect” their passengers from too much contact with the local population. Modern tourists lead a protected and separated life. They live at international hotels, where they eats their international food and sips their international drink while gazing at the natives from a distance. Designed tours to places of interest are carefully arranged. The tourists are allowed to see only what the organizers want them to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourists to wander off on their own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so they might only be too happy to be protected in this way.
At its very worst, this merely leads to a new and terrible kind of colonization. The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of certain old ideas of other nations and countries. We don’t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe what they are, even staying along with that from text books during our schooling.
You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, emotional, cold, pedantic (愛追究的), native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives just actually act as barriers, for we can’t do the job with certainty. So, frequently, when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm what you have already obtained as the first conceptions in your mind. And you get home only with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression, such as the saying, “Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites (偽君子)” and “Latin peoples shout a lot ”. However, to gain the real understanding, you only have to make a few foreign friends and you will know how ridiculousridiculous ridiculous ridiculous and harmful some old conceptions of other nations are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?
Being carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. A very wild and limited outlook may stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact — how reasonless it sounds! – that all people are human. We are all similar to each other, while at the same time all unique.
【小題1】What does “grand tour” bring people now?

A．It only offers us reasonable cost.	B．It is the best way of modern tourism.
C．It is not liked by rich people.	D．It is available for the majority to enjoy it.

【小題2】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．By travelling abroad, one can know a certain country well.

B．Making friends is impossible for anyone staying abroad.

C．The tourist organizations have the best way to do their duty.

D．Traveling conditions are much more improved than before.

【小題3】Which word in the following is the best to summarize “Latin people shout a lot”?

A．Silent.

B．Noisy.

C．Lively.

D．Active.

【小題4】The purpose of the author’s writing is to point out ______.

A．conducted tour should be stopped	B．the way of touring should be changed
C．gained knowledge can’t be renewed	D．some nations stay the same as before

【小題5】What is the author’s attitude toward the present tourism?

A．Objective

B．Negative.

C．Critical.

D．Appreciative.

【小題6】 The main idea for this passage is that ______.

A．tourism does little to increase understanding between nations

B．tourism is terrible without the work of the tourist organizations

C．conducted tour is so dull that nobody wants to accept it now

D．tourism really does something wonderful to many countries

A new enemy is threatening Japanese traditions: leisure（閑暇）. As part of its attempt to increase imports, the government is trying to get people to work less and spend more. The workers are disgusted.
The figures support the western prejudice（偏見） that the Japanese are all work and no play. Trying to force workers away from their desks and machines, the government said last April that the country should cut down from its 2,100 hours average work year to 1,899 hours and a five-day week by 1992. Beginning in February, banks and stock markets will be closed on Saturdays, staff of civil service will be forced out of their offices two Saturdays a month. The government hopes that others will follow that practice.
But some persuasion will be needed. Small companies are very angry about it and they fear competitors may not cut hours. The unions are no happier: they have even advertised in newspapers arguing their case against the foreign pressure that is forcing leisure upon them. They say that shorter hours are a disguised（隱性的） pay cut. The industrialists, who have no objection to the government’s plans, admit that shorter hours will help them cut costs. Younger Japanese who are supposed to be acting against their hard-working parents, show no sign of wanting time off, either. But unlike older workers, they do spend money in their spare time. Not content with watching television, they dance, dress up, sit in cafes, go to pop concerts and generally drive the leisure-industry boom. Now that they know how to consume, maybe the West can teach them to relax and enjoy themselves, too.
【小題1】The purpose of getting the Japanese to have more spare time is that           .

A．the government wants to show more concern for the health of the people

B．the government needs to get more goods from abroad

C．the Japanese have been working too hard

D．the Japanese hope to change the western prejudice

【小題2】The group of people who welcome the shorter-hour system in Japan is           .

A．the small companies	B．the industrialists
C．the unions	D．the younger generation

【小題3】The unions think that           .

A．the shorter hours they work, the higher pay the can get

B．the more they work, the less leisure they can enjoy

C．the shorter hours they work, the less pay they can have

D．the greater pressure the government is forcing on them, the less happy they can be

【小題4】The best title for this passage can be           .

A．Oh no! Not Saturday Again!	B．Leisure: the Greatest Threat!
C．Enjoy While You are Young!	D．Less Work and More Play!

The Japanese economy is at a standstill，Japan ’ s government has said, as concerns about the
strong yen(曰元）continue to grow. The recovery in the economy was “pausing"，the CabinetOffice said in a monthly statement.
It is the most negative that the government has been about the economy in nearly two years.The rising yen and a slowdown in global demand for Japanese exports were blamed for the setback.
In recent months, the government has insisted that the economy is “picking up". But it saidit now expected the economy to Femain weak for some time, with “weakening" exports a chiefconcern. It said shipments to Asia in particular were becoming weaker, further hitting exportersthat are already suffering from the strong yen.
The yen remains near a 15 - year high against the US dollar, despite the financial interfer-ence (干預(yù)）in the currency markets last month for the first time in six years.
Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan(菅直人）has also passed a $ 63 billion stimulus(剌激）package in an effort to protect exporters who have seen the poor exchange rate eat into their prof-its. At the close of markets in Tokyo，the yen was trading at 81.44 yen to the dollar, just off thehigh of 81.27 yen.
"If the economy turns out as expected, we may end up describing the current situation as asoft patch，” one of die government officials said ’ “ But if it comes under further downwardpressure, it could end up slipping into recession(衰退）.”
【小題1】The Japanese government think the current bad economy situation is partly due to  .

A．the decline of the strong yen	B．the unsatisfactory exports
C．the government' s mistaken policy	D．the decline in the quality of goods

【小題2】In recent months, the government has a(n) attitude towards the economy situation.

A．shocking

B．negative

C．optimistic

D．a(chǎn)ggressive

【小題3】From the passage we know the government has taken measures mainly to  .

A．protect the foreign markets	B．protect profits of its hitting exporters
C．monitor the yen exchange rate	D．stimulate domestic demands

【小題4】The passage could probably be found in.

A．government white paper	B．a(chǎn) science fiction
C．a(chǎn) travel journal	D．a(chǎn) newspaper report

Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills（讀寫能力）. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ).
The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache.” said Lisa Myton, manager of the children’s department.
Last November the two groups started “Dog Day Afternoon” in the children’s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class.
The program was so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April. According to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.
【小題1】．What is mainly discussed in the text?

A．A special reading program.	B．Advantages of raising dogs.
C．Service in a public library.	D．Children’s reading difficulties.

【小題2】Specialists use dogs to listen to children reading because they think ________.

A．dogs are young children’s best friends

B．dogs can provide encouragement for shy children

C．children can play with dogs while reading

D．children and dogs understand each other

【小題3】By saying “The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea,” the writer means the library ____________.

A．a(chǎn)ccepts the idea put forward by ITA	B．uses dogs to attract children
C．has opened a children’s department	D．has decided to train some dogs

【小題4】A “pawgraphed” book is most probably _________.

A．a(chǎn) book used in Saturday classes	B．a(chǎn) prize for the children
C．a(chǎn) book written by the children	D．a(chǎn) gift from parents

　Parents often believe that they have a good relationship with their teenagers. But last summer, Joanna and Henry noticed a change in their older son: suddenly he seemed to be talking far more to his friends than to his parents. “The door to his room is always shut.” Joanna noted.
Tina and Mark noticed similar changes in their 14-year-old daughter. “She used to cuddle up (蜷伏)with me on the sofa and talk,” said Mark. “Now we joke that she does this only when she wants something. Sometimes she wants to be treated like a little girl and sometimes like a young lady. The problem is figuring out which time is which.”
Before age 11, children like to tell their parents what’s on their minds. “In fact, parents are first on the list.” said Michael Riera, author of Uncommon Sense for Parents with Teenagers. “This completely changes during the teen years.” Riera explained. “They talk to their friends first, then maybe their teachers, and their parents last.”
Parents who know what’s going on in their teenagers’ lives are in the best position to help them. To break down the wall of silence, parents should create chances to understand what their children want to say, and try to find ways to talk and write to them. And they must give their children a mental break, for children also need freedom, though young. Another thing parents should remember is that to be a friend, not a manager, with their children is a better way to know them.
【小題1】“The door to his room is always shut” suggests that the son         .

A．keeps himself away from his parents

B．doesn’t want to be disturbed

C．is always busy with his studies

D．begins to dislike his parents

【小題2】What troubles Tina and Mark most is that       .

A．their daughter isn’t as lovely as before

B．they don’t know what to say to their daughter

C．they can’t read their daughter’s mind exactly

D．their daughter talks with them only when she needs help

【小題3】Which of the following best explains “the wall of silence” in the last paragraph?

A．Teenagers do not talk much with their parents.

B．Teenagers do not want to understand their parents.

C．Teenagers talk a lot with their friends.

D．Teenagers talk little about their own lives.

【小題4】．What can be learned from the passage?

A．Parents are unhappy with their growing children.

B．Parents have suitable ways to talk with their teenagers.

C．Parents should try to understand their teenagers.

D．Parents should be patients with their silent teenagers.

New York is one of the last large American cities to have some of its policemen on horseback. The New York police have 170 horses that they use in certain parts of the city. The horses are expensive to feed, but it is even more expensive to take care of them. Because the horses must walk on the streets, they need special horseshoes. In fact, they need more than 8,000 of them each year. Every police horse in New York gets new shoes every month. Keeping these shoes in good repair is the job of six blacksmiths. There are only about thirty-five of these blacksmiths in the whole Unite States.
The cost of shoeing a horse is between twenty dollars and thirty--five dollars, and it takes a good blacksmith two to three hours to do the job.  
A blacksmith’s job is not an easy one. He must be able to shape a shoe from a piece of metal and then fit it to the horse’s foot. The blacksmith must bend over all the time when he is fitting the shoe and must hold the weight of the horse’s leg while he works. But even more important, he must be able to deal with horses ------ for before the blacksmith can begin his work, he has to get the horse to lift its leg.
One of the blacksmiths in New York is James Corbin. He came to the country form Ireland in 1948.He not only makes horseshoes for the police but also works for a group of horse owners near the city. Corbin became interested in blacksmithing because his father did it, and, as he puts it, “It’s a good way to make a living.”
【小題1】According to the reading passage, a blacksmith must be likely a         man.

A．clever

B．rich

C．strong

D．tall

【小題2】 James Corbin became a blacksmith because he        .

A．was interested in horses.	B．was needed by the policemen
C．drew a picture of the horses	D．had to make a living

【小題3】 In the reading passage “to shape a shoe” is to       .

A．fit it on the horse’s foot	B．use it for two or three hours
C．make the form of a horseshoe from a piece of metal	D．draw a picture of the shoe

【小題4】The best title for the passage is          .

A．Policemen on Horseback	B．Blacksmiths and Horseshoeing
C．James Corbin, a Blacksmith	D．Horseshoeing Is a Good Way to Make a Living

【小題5】 Which of the following is true?

A．Only a few large American cities have some policemen on horseback.

B．New York is the only city in America to have some policemen on horseback.

C．Policemen on horseback enjoy traveling around the United States.

D．Policemen on horseback are less expensive than those in cars.

The Winter Palace was built between 1754 and 1762 for Empress Elizabeth, the daughter of Peter the Great. Unfortunately, Elizabeth died before the palace was completed and only Catherine the Great and her successors were able to enjoy the great interior (內(nèi)部) of Elizabeth’s home. Many parts of the palace’s impressive interior have been remodeled since then, particularly after 1837, when a huge fire destroyed most of the building. Today the Winter Palace, together with four more buildings arranged side by side along the river embankment, houses the extensive collections of the Hermitage. The Hermitage Museum is the largest art gallery in Russia and is among the largest and most respected art museums in the world.
The museum was founded in 1764 when Catherine the Great bought a collection of 255 paintings from the German city of Berlin. Today, the Hermitage boasts over 2.7 million exhibits and displays, a diverse range of art and artifacts (手工藝品) from all over the world and throughout history (from Ancient Egypt to the early 20th century Europe). The Hermitage’s collections include works by Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael and Titian, a collection of Rembrandts and Rubens, many French Impressionist works by Renoir, Cezanne, Monet and Pissarro, and several works by Rodin. The collection is really worth a stop for all those interested in art and history. The experts say that if you were to spend a minute looking at each exhibit on show in the Hermitage, you would need 11 years before you’d seen them all. However, we suggest you choose a guided tour instead!
Location: Dvortsovaia Naberezhnaia, 32-38.
Open: 10:30 am to 5:30 pm, Sunday till 5 pm.
Closed: Mondays. Ticket-office closes 1 hour before closing time.
【小題1】 According to the passage, the Winter Palace was built for ______.

A．Catherine the Great.	B．Empress Elizabeth
C．Peter the Great.	D．Empress Elizabeth’s successors

【小題2】 What’s the main reason why many parts of the palace’s impressive interior were remodeled?

A．Catherine the Great and her successors didn’t like the design.

B．Empress Elizabeth wanted to remodel the palace.

C．A huge fire destroyed most of the building in 1837.

D．The building became old itself.

【小題3】 According to the passage, which of the following is CORRECT?

A．The Winter Palace was built between 1753 and 1761.

B．The Hermitage’s collections don’t include works by Monet.

C．The Hermitage Museum is the largest art gallery in Russia.

D．The Hermitage Museum was founded in 1764 when Empress Elizabeth bought a collection of 255 paintings from Berlin.

【小題4】If you want to visit the museum, when can you go?

A．At 10:30 am on Monday.	B．At 10:00 am on Tuesday.
C．At 11:00 am on Sunday.	D．None of the above.

Officials in a remote Russian city have drawn up a list of practical tips for locals on how to survive encounters (相遇) with bears, after growing numbers have wandered into the streets in search of food.
Officials in the city of Syktyvkar drew up the guidelines to guide the local people, after several bears were caught sight of in the city, going hungry after a heat wave shriveled their usual diet of nuts and berries.
The guide warns that city people there should stay calm and stand still if they meet with a bear. “Speak to the bear in a firm voice” and “Don’t turn your back on it,” it adds. In the worst case, if the bear attacks, the person should also be ready to attack, the guide says. “Shout angrily at it and look it straight in the eye,” the guide advises. “Bears have started coming into the areas where people live more and more often,” the city officials said in a statement. “Any encounter with a bear is unsafe for humans, so our task is to do all we can to prevent such accidents.”
In September, a bear attacked a 25-year-old man in a central street of the city, wounding him in the neck before he managed to run away, police said. “Three or four people who met with brown bears have been recorded recently,” the head of the hunting department in the regional agriculture organization, Alexander said.
Officials have asked police to patrol (巡邏) streets close to wooded areas in the evenings.
Syktyvkar is the regional capital of the remote Komi region in northwest Russia. Its population is just over 230,000.
【小題1】 The city issued the guidelines to help the local people to _____.

A．a(chǎn)void bear encounters	B．survive bear encounters
C．get along well with bears	D．drive hungry bears away

【小題2】 The underlined word “shriveled” in Paragraph 2 probably means _____.

A．piled up

B．saved up

C．kept up

D．dried up

【小題3】 What can be inferred from Alexander’s words?

A．Bears have been seen frequently recently.

B．Bears like to wander around schools.

C．Brown bears are usually very fierce.

D．Too many bears have disappeared.

【小題4】 What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Bears are short of food worldwide

B．Ways to got along well with bears

C．Tips are issued on bear encounters

D．Bears have started coming into cities

Valentine’s Day is named for Saint Valentine, an early Christmas churchman who helped young lovers. Valentine was killed for his Christian beliefs on February 14 more than 1700 years ago, but the day which is named after him is even earlier than that.
More than 2,000 years ago, the ancient Romans celebrated a holiday for lovers. As part of the celebration, girls wrote their names on pieces of paper and put them in a large container. Boys reached into the container and pulled one out. The girl whose name was written on the paper became his lover or sweet heart for a year.
Now, lovers still put their names on pieces of paper and they sent each other Valentine’s Day cards that tell of their love. Sometimes they also send gifts, like flowers or chocolate candies. Americans usually send these gifts and cards through the mail system. But some use another way to send this message. They have it printed in a newspaper. The cost is usually a few dollars. Some of the messages are simple and short, “Jane, I love you very much”. Others say more. This one, for example, “Dan, Roses are red. Violets are blue. I hope you love me as much as I love you. Forever, May.”
Most of the newspapers that print such messages are local, but USA Today is sold throughout the United States and 90 other countries. This means someone can send a Valentine message to the lover in a far-away place almost anywhere in the world. These messages cost 80 dollars and more. An employee of USA Today says readers can have a small heart or rose printed along with their messages this year. Will this kind of Valentine’s Day message reach the one you love? Well, just make sure he or she reads the newspaper.
【小題1】When was the day named after Valentine?

A．More than 1700 years ago before Valentine’s death.	B．More than 2, 000 years ago.
C．On February 14.	D．It is not mentioned in the passage.

【小題2】 Which of the following is Wrong about the ancient Romans holiday in the text?

A．Girls put paper with their names into a container.

B．Boys and girls became sweet hearts by chance.

C．Girls and boys chose life lovers in the holiday.

D．It was celebrated as a holiday for lovers.

【小題3】Now lovers celebrate Valentine’s Day _________.

A．like what the ancient Romans did	B．by sending gifts to each other
C．by printing newspapers	D．by spending lots of money

【小題4】 What can we learn from the text?

A．The ancient Roman girls were more easy-going.

B．Valentine was killed for not helping the government.

C．USA Today helps readers to send roses with printed messages.

D．Valentine was honored for his Christian belief and warm heart.

【小題5】The text is written to _________.

A．tell us something about Valentine’s Day	B．a(chǎn)dvertise for USA Today
C．tell us that Americans are open to express love	D．sell roses on Valentine’s Day