An allergy (過敏反應(yīng)) is a strong reaction to a substance. Many things can cause allergies. The most common cause is pollen (花粉), which is usually produced by trees in the spring, grasses in the summer and weeds in the fall, as part of their reproductive process.
Other causes include organisms, chemicals, plants and dead skin particles (微粒) from dogs and cats can also cause allergic reactions. So can insect stings and some food.
The most common kind of allergic reactions is itchy (癢的), watery eyes and a blocked or watery nose. Allergies can also cause red, itchy skin. Some reactions can be life-threatening, for example, when breathing passages become blocked.
It is not always easy to avoid allergies. Drugs may offer an effective treatment. Another treatment used in some cases is called immunotherapy (免疫療法). A patient is injected with small amounts of the allergy-causing substance. The idea is that larger and larger amounts are given over time until the patient develops a resistance in his body.
In the United States, experts estimate that up to 8% of young children have food allergies. Every year these allergies cause about 30,000 cases with severe reactions that require immediate treatment. It can result in breathing trouble and in some cases death. It is said that about 100 to 200 people will die. It says most of the reactions are caused by peanuts and tree nuts like walnuts.
People can also be allergic to medicines. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology says about 10% of bad reactions to commonly used medicines are allergic. In other words, a person’s immune system overreacts and produces an allergic reaction. The most common reactions include skin rashes (皮疹), itching, breathing problems and swelling in areas such as the face.
【小題1】 Allergies seldom occur in winter because ______.

A．plants don’t flower in cold weather	B．people usually wear thick clothes
C．pollen is active below freezing point	D．the weather is not too cold for viruses

【小題2】What will happen if one’s breathing passages get blocked?

A．It is nothing serious.	B．One’s life is at risk.
C．One has to be sent to hospital.	D．One is sure to breathe easily.

【小題3】 According to immunotherapy, the patient is supposed to ______.

A．take some medicines to produce antibodies

B．have immediate operations

C．be given the allergy-causing substance until he develops a resistance

D．be exposed to enough allergy-causing substances

【小題4】The best title would be “________”.

A．The ABCs of Allergies	B．The Cause of Allergies
C．The Treatment of Allergies	D．The Prevention of Allergies

Four out of ten women who diet end up heavier than when they started watching their waistline（腰圍）, a study revealed today. The research also showed that a large percentage of women start noticing the pounds creeping back on just 21 days after reaching their ideal weight.
Yesterday, Dr Ian Campbell of the Jenny Craig weight management program said: 'In the UK 61.4 per cent of adults are overweight or obese. Successful weight management requires a long-term commitment in order to lose weight successfully and for good. Dieting can be a real challenge so setting realistic goals and remaining focused on them is important. Otherwise as this research shows, women could end up heavier than when they started.'
The 'Food: Body: Mind' report was publicized by Jenny Craig who quizzed 2000 women aged between 18 and 65 who diet regularly on their attitudes, beliefs and behaviors around weight loss. Six in ten said they are currently on a diet and one in five women said they are on a 'continuous diet'.
It found the most common triggers to start dieting was seeing their 'reflection in the mirror', preparing for a summer holiday or unflattering photos posted on social networking sites. Other popular reasons include comments by friends or relatives or their other half.
However, the study showed that one in ten give up within one day, while almost a fifth manage to make it to a week or more. The average is ten days. Many blamed pressure they put on themselves to lose weight too quickly for the weight gain, which leaves them with a bigger appetite than normal. Others blamed colleagues, who tuck into fatty lunches and snacks unaware of the effect it has on the dieter, while mothers who polish off their children's leftovers was another common cause of weight gain.
【小題1】Which of the following might be the best title for this article?

A．Three reasons to fail in dieting	B．Important things for successful diet
C．Four in ten women gain weight on diets	D．Obesity: problem for 61.4% adults in UK

【小題2】In the UK, women who go on a diet __________.

A． are all overweight or obese

B． all fail because they are not persistent enough

C． are likely to gain weight again after reaching their ideal weight

D． end up heavier than when they start to diet

【小題3】The underlined word “triggers” in Paragraph 4 probably means_________.

A．effects

B．causes

C． examples

D．imagination

【小題4】Which of the following is NOT the reason why many people quit dieting very soon?

A．The pressure they put on themselves to lose weight quickly.

B．Colleagues who give them fatty lunches and snacks.

C．Leftovers of children’s taken by their mothers.

D．Reflections they see in the mirror.

Throw out the bottles and boxes of drugs in your house．A new theory suggests that medicine could be bad for your health．This new theory argues that healing （the process of becoming healthy and strong again） is at our fingertips：we can be healthy by doing Reiki on a regular basis．

Supporters of medical treatment argue that medicine should be trusted since it is effective and scientifically proven．They say that there is no need for spiritual methods such as Reiki, Yoga，Tai Chi．These waste our time，something that is quite precious in our material world．There is medicine that can kill our pain and x-rays that show us our broken bones．We must admit that these methods are very effective in the examples that they provide．However, there are some “everyday complaints”such as back pains，headaches，which are treated currently with medicine．When you have a headache，you take an Aspirin；when you cannot sleep，you take Xanax without thinking of the side effects of these．When you use these pills for a long period，you become dependent on them；you cannot sleep without them．We pay huge amounts of money but never get better．How about a safer and more economical way of healing?When doing Reiki to yourself，you do not need anything except your energy so it is very economical．Also，there are no side effects and it is scientifically explained．
They also claim that serious illnesses such as HIV／AIDS and cancer cannot be treated without drugs．They think so because these patients spend the rest of their lives in the hospital taking medicine．How can Reiki make these people healthy again? It is very unfortunate that these patients have to live in the hospital losing their hair and weight because of the side effects of the medicine they take．Actually，instead of drugs which are expensive and have many side effects，you can use your energy to overcome the hardships of life，find an emotional balance，leave the stress of everyday life and let go of the everyday worries．
Some people may still hold that in our material world，everything depends on time．How
would it be possible to find time to do Reiki?In fact，Reiki does not require more than 15 minutes of our time．It is less time consuming than medicine if we think of all the time we spend taking medicine for some complaints and taking some more for the side effects as well．
【小題1】The author's attitude towards Reiki is        ．

A．uninterested	B．serious
C．positive	D．doubtful

【小題2】Which statement does the passage lead you to believe?

A．Reiki will soon become the most popular exercise around the world．

B．Reiki is an effective treatment but not scientifically explained．

C．Reiki can make people less dependent on drugs．

D．Reiki is a kind of cheap drug but works well．

【小題3】How many advantages of Reiki are mentioned in the last two paragraphs?

A．One．

B．Three．

C．Five．

D．Seven．

【小題4】Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? 

A．A New Way of Treating Illness．

B．Health and Healing at Your Fingers．

C．The Advantages and Disadvantages of Reiki．

D．The Advantages and Disadvantages of Medicine．

Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.
Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Other burst with anger, and scream and yell(咆哮).But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger.
For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hormones(荷爾蒙).They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc. In general the person feels excited and ready to act.
Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.
Doctors say the solution(解決辦法) is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.”
Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger.
【小題1】“Damaging emotion” means that _________.

A．the emotion is harmless

B．the emotion is harmful

C．the feeling is very strong

D．the feeling is hard

【小題2】Expressing anger violently _________ repressing it according to some scientists.

A．is just the same as

B．is more harmful than

C．is no better than

D．is much better than

【小題3】According to the author, you'd better _________.

A．never be angry

B．cool it down before you express it

C．laugh and laugh when you get angry

D．a(chǎn)dmit you are wrong when you are angry

請認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填放最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。
注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ) is a medical condition caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), a virus which damages people’s natural defenses against disease. So far, no cure has been found for it.
In the early mid-1980s, while other parts of the world were beginning to deal with the serious disease, Asia remained relatively unaffected by this newly discovered health problem. By the early 1990s, however, HIV and AIDS had hit several Asian countries, and by the end of that decade, HIV was spreading rapidly in many areas of the continent. Today, HIV and AIDS are a growing problem in every region of Asia. The latest statistics produced by UNAIDS suggest that in 2008, over 5 million people were living with HIV or AIDS in Asia.
Various factors cause the spread of HIV, including poverty, inequality, unequal status of women, cultural myths about sex and high levels of migration（移民）. Although it’s useful to understand the situation of AIDS in Asia as a whole, each country in the region faces a different situation. In Cambodia and Thailand, there has been evidence of declines in HIV infection levels. In Indonesia, Pakistan and Vietnam, meanwhile, the number of people living with HIV has rapidly increased. In China, the number of people newly infected with HIV and AIDS is also rising although at a much slower pace.
Much improvement is needed to prevent HIV and AIDS around Asia. New guidelines and policy documents have been continually issued over the years. Most of the successful programs do have at least three features in common. Firstly, these programs encourage HIV and AIDS education among the general population to teach people how to avoid infection and to face discrimination. Secondly, they are every practical and they involve the infected people themselves in program design and implementation（實施）. Last but not least, strong leadership is essential for HIV prevention. If all of the leaders truly committed themselves to this cause, them a great many lives would be saved.

Overview of HIV and AIDS in Asia
The (【小題1】)      of AIDS	HIV, a virus(【小題2】)       the body’s immune system.
The past situation	◇In the early mid-1980s, with other parts of the world troubled with the serious disease, Asia remained(【小題3】)        unaffected by this newly discovered health problem. ◇In the early 1990s, HIV and AIDS(【小題4】)     only several Asian countries, but HIV was spreading rapidly in the next 10 years in Asia.
The （【小題5】)      situation	◇AIDS/HIV is a growing problem in every region, over 5 millions people living (【小題6】)    HIV or AIDS. ◇Asian courtiers are facing(【小題7】)      situations today.
The improvement to prevent HIV and AIDS including three (【小題8】)         most of the successful programs have in common	◇(【小題9】)       people to be educated about how to avoid infection and face discrimination. ◇being practical and getting the infected people. (【小題10】)        in the program design and implementation. ◇Leaders’ taking an active part in the cause.

 

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的四個選項中，選出最佳答案。
Hi, dear boys and girls! Do you know how to be a healthy kid? Here are some rules you should follow.
First, eat different foods, especially fruit and vegetables. You may have a favorite food, but you'd better eat something different, if you eat different foods, you will probably get more nutrients (營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)) your body needs.
Then, drink water and milk as often as possible. When you're really thirsty, cold water is the No. l choice. Milk is a great drink that can give you more calcium (鈣) your body needs to grow strong bones .
Next, listen to your body. How do you feel when you are full? When you are eating, notice how your body feels and when your stomach feels comfortably full. Eating too much will not make you feel comfortable and make you fat.
Afterwards, limit (限制) screen time. Screen time is the time you watch TV, DVDs and videos, or using computers. It is good to take more exercise such as basketball, bike riding and swimming. You can't watch TV for more than two hours a day.
Finally, be active. One thing you'd like to do as a kid is to find out which activity you like best. Find ways to be active every day.
Follow these rules and you can be a healthy kid.
【小題1】You have to eat different kinds of foods especially _________.

A．meat

B．hamburgers

C．sweets

D．fruit and vegetables

【小題2】Which kind of drinks can give you more calcium?

A．Juice.

B．Milk.

C．Cold water.

D．Tea.

【小題3】According to the passage, how many rules should you follow if you want to be healthy?

A．Five.

B．Nine.

C．Fifteen.

D．Thirteen.

【小題4】According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A．When you're eating, you don't have to pay attention to how your body feels.

B．You can eat your favorite food as much as you can .

C．You can watch TV whenever you like to get more information.

D．We should try to live in an active way in our life.

【小題5】Which is the best title of the passage?

A．How to make yourself popular	B．How to be a healthy kid
C．How to be a popular kid	D．How to make your parents healthy

The gray-haired lady can’t wait to leave the building to search for her dad. Unless watched, she will walk in the streets in an effort to find her father, who died 30 years ago.
Not all cases of Alzheimer’s disease look like this, but Alzheimer’s is a serious disease that is said to be the fourth or fifth leading cause of death for people over age 75. It is said that about three percent of the U.S. population over age 65 have Alzheimer’s. In the early stages, people may exhibit short-term memory loss. Some may experience changes in personality, easy to be angry. As the disease progresses, patients might lose the ability to move and may be unable to speak or move at all. This progressive disease generally lasts 8 to 10 years before death occurs.
While no one is certain what causes these changes in the brain’s nerve fibers （神經(jīng)纖維）, their effect is certain. Alzheimer’s destroys not only the patients, but also spouses（配偶）, friends and families.
What should you do if you notice progressive memory loss in yourself or a loved one? Have the person examined by a doctor who is a specialist in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Though many reasons other than Alzheimer’s disease may cause memory loss, its early diagnosis（診斷）and treatment may delay some of the most serious effects.
What feeling will you likely experience if a loved one suffers from Alzheimer’s disease? A person will often go through the various stages of sadness, shock, anger, and so on. If the spouse develops the disease, you may experience hurt and disappointment when he or she doesn’t remember you are married.
Life for the Alzheimer’s patients and their loved ones will never be the same as the disease progresses, bringing a deep sorrow, loss and even anger towards God. No matter what feelings are present, facing them honestly will serve one better than burying them.
【小題1】What can be inferred from the passage about the gray-haired day?

A．She has been living with her father.

B．She was sad about the death of her father.

C．She can’t search for her father without being watched.

D．She suffers from Alzheimer’s disease.

【小題2】When people suffer from Alzheimer’s disease, ________.

A．their families and friends will suffer from the same disease

B．their families and friends will experience mental sufferings

C．they will certainly die in 8 to 10 years

D．they will forget everybody but their spouses

【小題3】Memory loss occurs ________.

A．from Alzheimer’s disease and nothing else

B．from sadness, shock, anger, and so on

C．for a number of reasons

D．with changes in personality

【小題4】From the passage we know that        .

A．early treatment may stop Alzheimer’s disease occurring

B．it is still unknown what causes the changes in the brain’s nerve fibers

C．nerve fibers in the brain will cause Alzheimer’s disease

D．when one suffers from Alzheimer’s disease, he will be buried

Think about what you had for lunch: Was it a hamburger? A chicken sandwich? Barbecue? What about vegetables? Would it surprise you to learn that what you eat can affect the whole planet?
It can—in a big way. New studies show how food and its production affect the globe and its warming climate. You’ve probably heard of global warming : The temperature is on the rise because humankind has been releasing (排放) amounts of gases into the atmosphere. One of these greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）.
What does this have to do with food ? A big part of the carbon dioxide that we put in the atmosphere every year comes from the process of making and eating food. The production of meat contributes a lot of that carbon diode. And much of meat’s contribution comes from beef , which is responsible for releasing even more warming gases into the atmosphere.
The process of making a hamburger ,for example, requires a lot of energy. A cow has to be fed and raised on farmland, and cow waste is a major source of methane (沼氣) — an especially powerful greenhouse gas. The cow has to be killed. The meat has to be processed (加工) and shipped to a shop, which takes fuel . Most of the cow won’t even be used for meat that people eat. By the time a hamburger finally lands on a dinner plate, it has made a heavy effect on the environment.
We can reduce the production of global-warming gases by eating less beef .Other kinds of meat like pork and chicken do less harm to the environment—at least in terms of the amount of greenhouse gases released. 
All kinds of meat are harder on the planet than vegetables. To grow and eat a pound of potatoes, for example, sends less than one-quarter pound of carbon dioxide into the air. So changing our diet to less meat and more vegetables, as it turns out, may do the world some good.
【小題1】The questions asked in the first paragraph are used to _____.

A．show the author’s concern about food safety

B．express the author’s puzzlement at what to eat

C．remind readers of something delicious to eat

D．introduce the topic to be discussed in the passage

【小題2】What is the bad news for meat-eaters?

A．Meat producing can cause global warming

B．Most cows are raised not for people to eat

C．There is a lot of carbon dioxide in meat

D．Animals begin to die off because of global warming

【小題3】Which is the most environment-friendly food according to the passage?

A．Beef

B．Carrot

C．Pork

D．Chicken

【小題4】The author wrote the passage in order to _____.

A．explain the importance of eating meat	B．a(chǎn)dvise people to keep a balanced diet
C．encourage people to choose a greener diet	D．introduce some healthy foods to people

With winter fast approaching, flu season is here. People can easily catch the flu bug and they try to fight it with western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine or some homemade secret recipes. Yet some of these strategies are ineffective or even harmful, the best way to counter the flu is to protect us from contracting（感染）it. So here are some good habits to protect people from contracting flu from the very beginning.
●During the day, keep the bedroom window open to let fresh air in．
●Wash your face with cold water in the morning and wash your feet with hot water in the evening. This practice can help boost blood circulation and improve the body's resistance.
●Do some exercises in the morning. such as jogging or shadowboxing（太極拳)for 10 minutes.
●Rinse(漱) your mouth with salt water or tea every morning and every evening. This can help kill flu bacteria, clear phlegm(痰）and keep the mouth fresh.
●Wear more clothes when it's cold and take some off when it's warm
●Get a bottle of vinegar or Chinese white wine at hand and smell it now and then. Their pungent smell can help people get refreshed and improve their body's resistance.
● Drink two kinds of beverages（飲料）before going to bed, which can help people stay away from the flu: soup made of radish（蘿卜）and vinegar, and tea made of fresh ginger（生姜）．
●Close the doors and windows and put a pot of boiling vinegar in the room Vinegar steam is a good way to kill flu bacteria in the air.
【小題1】 Some people like washing their face with cold water in the morning and washing their feet with hot water in the evening perhaps because______．

A．they want to make themselves handsome or pretty

B．they know it is the best way to kill flu bacteria

C．they think it can strengthen blood circulation and improve their resistance

D．they have developed the good habit of living

【小題2】According to the passage, we can know that the best way to fight the flu is to ______.

A．take western medicine or traditional Chinese medicine

B．a(chǎn)void getting it at the very beginning

C．use some homemade secret recipes

D．drink two kinds of beverages before going to bed in winter

【小題3】 What would be the best title for this passage?

A．Eight habits to keep the flu away	B．The cause of contracting the flu
C．Winter and flu	D．How to cure the flu

                           LIPITOR
ABOUT LIPITOR
Lipitor(【醫(yī)】立普妥<降血脂藥> )is a prescription medicine．Along with diet and exercise，it lowers "bad，'cholesterol(膽固醇)in your blood．It can also raise "good'' cholesterol.
Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors，including family history of early heart disease，high blood pressure，age and smoking.
WHO IS LIPITOR FOR?
Who can take LIPITOR：
·People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise
·Adults and children over l0
Who should NOT take LIPITOR：
·Women who are pregnant，may be pregnant，or may become pregnant. Lipitor may harm your unborn baby.
·women who are breast-feeding．Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.
·People with liver(肝臟)problems
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITOR
Serious side effects in a small number of people：
·Muscle(肌肉)problems that can lead to kidney(腎臟)problems，including kidney failure
·Liver problems．Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start Lipitor and while you are taking it．
Call your doctor right away if you have：
·Unexplained muscle pain or weakness，especially if you have a fever or feel very fired
·Swelling of the face，lips，tongue，and／or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing
·Stomach pain
Some common side effects of LIPITOR are：
·Muscle pain
·Upset stomach
·Changes in some blood tests
HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR
DO：
·Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor.
·Try to eat heart-healthy foods while you take Lipitor.
·Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food.
·If you miss a dose(一劑)，take it as soon as you remember. But if it has been more than12 hours since your missed dose，wait．Take the next dose at your regular time.
Don't：
·Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor.
·Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor.
【小題1】What is a major function of Lipitor?

A．To help quit smoking.	B．To control blood pressure.
C．To improve unhealthy diet.	D．To lower "bad" cholesterol.

【小題2】Taking Lipitor is helpful for ____________________.

A．breast-feeding women	B．women who are pregnant
C．a(chǎn)dults having heart disease	D．teenagers with liver problems．

【小題3】If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you should____________.

A．change the amount of your next dose	B．eat more when taking your next dose
C．have a dose as soon as you remember	D．take the next dose at your regular time

【小題4】 Which of the following is a common side effect of taking Lipitor?

A．Face swelling.

B．Upset stomach.

C．Kidney failure.

D．Muscle weakness.

【小題5】What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To teach patients ways for quick recovery.

B．To present a report on a scientific research.

C．To show the importance of a good lifestyle.

D．To give information about a kind of medicine.