Enough sleep is important to health. The amount of sleep needed depends on the age of the person and the conditions in which sleep takes place. The young may need more sleep than the old, but usually eight hours are enough for the health of grown-ups. Some can do with less than this amount, but others may need more. Every person knows his own need. It is then a matter of good judgment(判斷) to satisfy his need. Sleep should always be enough to make one bring back his strength and get ready for a day’s work.
Fresh air is necessary to sound sleep. It is not without reason for some people to think that it is practicable to sleep in the open air. When one can keep himself warm, out-of-door sleeping probably gives the body its most complete relaxation(松弛).
Ability(能力) to sleep is largely a habit. The conditions referred to only lead to sleep. Out-of-door exercises, a good habit of regular hours and the avoidance(避免) of late eating and worry, which are largely within the control of any person, are all helpful to sound sleep.
A bath at bedtime, neither hot nor cool but of body temperature, may be helpful to sleep. Sleep-producing drug(藥) should never be taken except when suggested by a doctor.
【小題1】We know from the passage     is enough for the health of a pupil.

A．equal or more than eight hours	B．seven hours or so
C．Eight hours or so	D．Less than eight hours

【小題2】If you want to have a good sleep,       is helpful.

A．forming the habit of taking sleep-producing drug.

B．keeping good habits.

C．staying up late night.

D．eating something at bedtime.

【小題3】The amount of sleep a person probably needs has something to do with    .

A．his character

B．his control

C．his age

D．his habit

【小題4】Before going to bed, you’d better not    .

A．take a bath	B．do any housework
C．go out for relaxation	D．think a lot

A recent study suggests that teens’ relationship with parents, friends and teachers may have a lot to do with why they don’t get a good night’s sleep.
David Maume, a sociologist and sleep researcher, analyzed federal health data, which interviewed 974 teenagers when they were 12, and then again at 15. He found that family dynamics (動態(tài)) have much to do with how well kids sleep. Teens, who had warm relations with their parents and felt like they could talk to them or their parents were supportive of them, tended to sleep better. However, families that were going through a divorce or a remarriage tended to affect teens’ sleep.
And problems at school also affected teens’ sleep. Feeling safe at school and having good relations with teachers tended to promote better sleep. As did good relationships with friends. Kids who took part in sports or other positive social activities or shared similar academic goals with their friends were also more likely to get a good night’s sleep.
These add up to what makes lots of sense: a general feeling of well-being helps teens sleep. If we’re happy and contented, we’re much more likely to sleep better than if we’re sad and anxious.
Now, of course, teens can hardly resist being drawn to their computers and social networking. Maume also found that when parents were strict not only about bedtime, but also about limiting technology, kids slept better. It’s a finding that seems obvious, but parents really do matter when it comes to health habits of their teenagers.
Clearly, teenagers aren’t getting 9 to 10 hours a night, which puts them at risk for all the consequences of lack of sleep, including poor academic performance, colds and stress.
【小題1】What is the passage mainly about?

A．Teens’ sleep is linked to their relationship with people around them.

B．Lack of adequate sleep puts teens at risk of many bad consequences.

C．Modern technology has something to do with teens’ sleep problems.

D．It is necessary for teens to join in sports and positive social activities.

【小題2】According to Maume’s analysis, who will probably have a poor night’s sleep?

A．Teens who feel like talking with their parents.

B．Teens who have friends sharing their dreams.

C．Teens who feel contented about themselves.

D．Teens who lack a sense of security at school.

【小題3】Para 5 functions as              .

A．a(chǎn) comparison

B．a(chǎn)n introduction

C．a(chǎn) conclusion

D．a(chǎn)n addition

【小題4】Parents are supposed to               when their kids are growing up.

A．continue their broken marriage	B．a(chǎn)llow children to decide when to sleep
C．limit teens’ using new technology	D．force teens to have 10 hours’ sleep daily

What do former American president Bill Clinton and rock musician Pete Townshend have in common.'? Both men have hearing damage from exposure(暴露，接觸) to loud music, and both now wear hearing aids（助聽器） as a result. As a teenager, Clinton played saxophone in a band. Townshend, who has the more severe hearing loss, was a guitarist for a band called the Who. He is one of the first rock musicians to call the public's attention to the problem of hearing loss from exposure to loud music.
Temporary（暫時） hearing loss can happen after only 15 minutes of listening to loud music. One early warning sign is when your ears begin to feel warm while you listen to music at a rock concert or through headphones. One later is that an unusual sound or a ringing is sometimes produced in your head after the concert.
"What happens is that the hair cells in the inner ear are damaged, but they're not dead," says physician and ear specialist Dr. Sam Levine. According to Dr. Levine, if you avoid further exposure to loud noise, it's possible to recondition the cells（細(xì)胞） somewhat. However, he adds, "Eventually, over a long period of time, hair cells are permanently damaged." And this is no small problem.
What sound level is dangerous? According to Dr. Levine, regular exposure to noise above 85 decibels (分貝) is considered dangerous. The chart below offers a comparison of decibel levels to certain sounds. Here's another measurement you can use. If you're at a rock concert and the music is so loud that you have to shout to make yourself heard, you' re at risk for hearing loss. That's when wearing protective devices such as earplugs becomes critical.
The facts are pretty frightening. But are rock bands turning down the volume.'? Most aren't. "Rock music is supposed to be loud," says drummer Andrew Sather."I wouldn't have it any other way. And neither would the real fans of rock. "
Continued exposure to loud music and the failure to wear earplugs can lead to deafness, according to Dr. Levine. He states, "There's no cure for hearing loss. Your ears are trying to tell you something. That ringing is the scream of your hair cells dying. Each time that happens, more and more damage is done. "

Levels of Common Noises Normal conversation                            50 — 65 dB Food blender                                  88 dB Jet plane flying above a person standing outside      103 dB Rock band during a concert                      110 — 140 dB

【小題1】From Paragraph 1, we can learn that ___________                  .

A．loud music is a major cause of hearing loss

B．famous people may have hearing problems

C．teenagers should stay away from school bands

D．the problem of hearing damage is widely known

【小題2】In Paragraph 3, the underlined word "recondition" means__________ .

A．not to be seen	B．to fill with sound
C．to become larger in size	D．to make good again

【小題3】The purpose of the chart at the end of the article is to show__________   .

A．a(chǎn) list of harmful sounds

B．the effect of rock concerts

C．the noise levels of sounds

D．relationship between daily activities and hearing loss

【小題4】Which of the following statements will Dr. Sam Levine probably agree?

A．When your ears feel warm, your hair cells are dead.

B．Drummer Andrew Sather gives good advice.

C．Many are at the risk of losing hearing.

D．Doctors know how to deal with hearing loss.

Cell phones:  is there a cancer link?
Could your cell phone give you cancer? Whether it could or not, some people are worrying about the possibility that phones, power lines and Wi-Fi could be responsible for a range of illnesses, from rashes to brain tumors.
Some say there is evidence to support the growing anxieties. David Carpenter, a professor of environmental health sciences at the university at Albany, in New York, thinks there’s a greater than 95 percent chance that power lines can cause childhood leukemia(白血病). Also there’s a greater than 90 percent chance that cell phones can cause brain tumors. “It’s apparent now that there’s a real risk, ” said Carpenter.
But others believe these concerns are unjustified. Dr Martha Linet, the head of radiation epidemiology(流行病學(xué)) at the US National Cancer Institute, has looked at the same research as Carpenter but has reached a different conclusion. “I don’t support warning labels for cell phones, ” said Linet. “We don’t have the evidence that there’s much danger. ”
Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs(電磁場) and illness— so weak that it might not exist at all. A multinational investigation of cell phones and brain cancer, in 13 countries outside the US, has been underway for several years. It’s funded in part by the European Union, in part by a cell phone industry group. The final report should come out later this year, but data so far don’t suggest a strong link between cell phone use and cancer risk.
【小題1】From the passage we can learn that some people are worried because _______.

A．they have evidence that the use of cell phones can lead to cancer

B．they make a fuss over cell phone use

C．some experts have given a warning

D．cell phones are responsible for brain tumors

【小題2】By saying “I don’t support warning labels for cell phones, ” Dr Martha Linet has the idea that _______.

A．the worrying is unnecessary

B．cancer-warning labels should be on cell phones

C．there is a link between cell phones and cancer

D．cell phones have nothing to do with cancer

【小題3】Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards the debate?

A．Optimistic.	B．Objective.
C．Opposite.	D．Casual. ]

For a while, my neighborhood was taken over by an army of joggers (慢跑者). They were there all the time: early morning, noon, and evening. There were little old ladies in gray sweats, young couples in Adidas shoes, middle-aged men with red faces. "Come on!" My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening. "You'll feel great." 
Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army. I'm not alone in my opinion. 
First of all, jogging is very hard on the body. Your legs and feet have a real pounding (追擊) ruining down a road for two or three miles. I developed foot, leg, and back problems. Then I read about a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had something else to worry about. Jogging doesn't kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me. 
Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging. Putting one foot in front of the other for forty-five minutes  isn't my idea of fun. Jogging is also a lonely pastime. Some joggers say, "I love being out there with just my thoughts" Well, my thoughts began to bore me, and most of them were on how much my legs hurt. 
And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain? And that wasn't just the first week: it was practically every day for two months. I never got past the pain level, and pain isn't fun. What a cruel way to do it! So many other exercises, including walking, lead to almost the same results painlessly, so why jog?
I don't jog any more, and I don't think I ever will. I'm walking two miles three times a week at a fast pace, and that feels good. I bicycle to work when the weather is good. I'm getting exercise, and I'm enjoying it at the same time. I could never say the same for jogging, and I've found a lot of better ways to stay in shape.
【小題1】From the first paragraph, we learn that in the writer's neighborhood _____.

A．people jogged only during the daytime

B．jogging became very popular

C．Alex organized an army of joggers

D．jogging provided a chance to get together

【小題2】What was the writer's attitude towards jogging in the beginning?

A．He felt it was worth a try.

B．He was very fond of it.

C．He was strongly against it.

D．He thought it must be painful.

【小題3】Why did the writer give up jogging two months later?

A．He found it neither healthy nor interesting.

B．He disliked doing ecercise outside.

C．He was afraid of having a heart attack.

D．He was worried about being left alone.

【小題4】From the writer's experience, we can conclude that _____.

A．not everyone enjoys jogging

B．he is the only person who hates jogging

C．nothing other than jogging can help people keep fit

D．jogging makes people feel greater than any other sport.

    Feel tired lately?Has a doctor said he can’t find anything wrong with you?Perhaps he sends you to a hospital,but all the advanced equipment there shows there is nothing wrong with you.
Then,consider this:you might be in a state of sub-health(亞健康).
Sub-health,also called the third state or gray state,is explained as borderline state between health and disease.
According to the investigation by the National Organization,over 45 percent of sub-health people are middle-aged or elderly.The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around exam-week.
Symptoms(征兆)include a lack of energy,depression,slow reactions,insomnia(失眠),agitation, and poor memory.Other symptoms include shortness of breath,sweating and aching in the waist and legs.
The key to preventing and recovering from sub-health,according to some medical experts,is to form good living habits, alternate work and rest, exercise regularly,and take part in open air activities.
As for meals,people are advised to eat less salt and sugar.They should also eat more fresh vegetables,fruits,fish because they are rich in nutritional elements—vitamins and trace elements(微量元素)—that are important to the body.
Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract(消化道).They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding sub-health.
【小題1】When you are in a state of sub-health,you should ________.

A．stay home and keep silent

B．go to a doctor and buy some medicine

C．not consider it very serious

D．find out the reasons and relax yourself

【小題2】Middle-aged people may be easy to get sub-health because ________.

A．they have used up their energy

B．they have lost their living hopes

C．they have more pressure in life and work

D．they have changed their way of life

【小題3】The key to preventing you from falling into a state of sub-health is to ________.

A．keep on working regularly	B．go to sleep a bit earlier
C．form good living habits	D．take medicine if necessary

【小題4】The underlined word “alternate” in this passage is closest in meaning to ________.

A．a(chǎn)rrange by turns	B．cause to take place
C．make up for	D．keep away from

Car crashes are the top killer of American teenagers．Most of the crashes result from distracted driving not paying attention to the road．
Ryan Didone was a fifteen-year-old passenger in a car that hit a tree．He was one of the nation's more than thirty thousand victims of traffic crashes in 2008．Nearly four thousand deaths, about twelve percent, involved drivers aged fifteen to twenty．Ryan's father, Thomas Didone, is a police captain in Montgomery County, Maryland．He said, "It was an inexperienced, immature driver who felt that he was invincible(不可戰(zhàn)勝的), driving at night with a carload of kids．He was distracted, he was going too fast, and it ended up causing one death and some upsetting experiences and tragedy for the rest of the community."
Jim Jennings from the Allstate Insurance Company said "The number one cause of distracted-driving accidents is the mobile phone．Talking on the phone or reaching for it is like drinking four beers and driving．If you're texting while driving, you are twenty-three times more likely to get into an accident than somebody who isn't．
Reaching for a cell phone when it's going off, you're nine times more likely to get into an accident than normally driving," The insurance industry recently held a safety event near Washington for teen drivers．
At first, nineteen-year-old Kevin Schumann easily avoided large, inflatable dolls thrown in front of the car to represent children．He also avoided orange cones representing the edge of the road．Then, as part of the test, he started texting. He hit several cones and at least one doll．
Debbie Pickford from the Allstate Insurance Company said, "Teens are especially at risk from distracted driving—and not just because they lack experience on the roads．What we know from research on teen brain development, is that teens don't really have fully developed brains until they are twenty-five years old. You put those two things together and you get a much, much higher risk.”
【小題1】According to the passage, _____is the most likely to lead to a traffic accident while you are driving．

A．texting on the mobile phone	B．reaching for a cell phone．
C．talking on the mobile phone	D．bringing along a cell phone

【小題2】A safety event held by insurance industry was meant to _   _.

A．a(chǎn)ttract more teenagers to take part in it

B．draw enough attention to teenagers' distracted driving

C．make more teenagers practice avoiding large barriers

D．encourage more teenagers to pay for insurance protection

【小題3】The passage is probably followed by a concluding paragraph about ____．

A．much higher risk	B．teen brain developmen
C．experience on the roads	D．measures to be taken t

【小題4】Of all the following, which is the best title for the passage?

A．Car Crashes —the Top Killer.

B．Distracted Driving —Let's Avoid!

C．Drunken Driving — Dangerous Enough！

D．Tips on Driving While Calling

Dr. Sylvia Earle wants you to stop eating fish. It's not because fish are endangered, though wild fish stocks in many oceans are very low. It's not because they're bad for you, though fish in many areas are exposed to poisonous substances in the water. It’s because they're smart.
"Fish are sensitive, they have personalities," says the marine biologist. For Earle, eating a fish would be like eating a dog or a cat. "I would never eat anyone I know personally."
There's a lot more to fish than meets the eye: they talk to each other, they like to be touched, and they engage in behavior that can seem very human. They can remember things and learn from experience. Earle and a growing number of animal rights activists see these as strong arguments against eating fish altogether.
The activists also point out that fish feel pain and fish suffer horribly on their way from the sea to the supermarket. "While it may seem conspicuous that fish are able to feel pain, like every other animal, some people think of fish as swimming vegetables," says Dr. Lynne Sneddon. "Really, it's kind of a moral question. Is the enjoyment you get from fishing (or eating fish) more important than the pain of the fish?"
Fishermen and (fried) fish lovers are skeptical. "I've never seen a smart fish," says Marie Swaringen as she finishes off a plate of fish at a Seattle seafood restaurant. "If they were very smart, they wouldn't get caught."
"For years, everyone's been telling us to eat fish because it's so good for us," says another diner. "Now I've got to feel guilty while I'm eating my fish? What are they going to think of next? Don't eat salad because cucumbers have feelings?"
【小題1】According to Dr. Sylvia Earle, he would stop eating fish as a result of the following reasons EXCEPT ___________ .

A．Fish are sensitive and have personalities

B．He knows fish very well

C．Fish are dangerous to eat because the water is polluted

D．Fish are clever

【小題2】Dr. Lynne Sneddon describes the behavior of eating fish in a(n) _______ tone.

A．opposed

B．optimistic

C．indifferent

D．supportive

【小題3】Which word below can take the place of the underlined word “conspicuous” in Paragraph 4?

A．obvious

B．easy

C．impossible

D．necessary

【小題4】It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _____________ .

A．Human beings should stop eating fish

B．We would feel guilty if we continued eating fish

C．People eat fish because fish are delicious

D．Cucumber is a kind of vegetable or fruit

【小題5】What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage?

A．To advise people to stop eating fish.

B．To introduce a topic of whether people should eat fish.

C．To advise people not to stop eating fish.

D．To tell us that fish will feel pain when caught and transported.

In the Caucasus region of Russia, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100th birthday, and many don’t stop at 100! By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100,000 reach 100. But these Russian old people aren’t alone. The Pakistanis, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Ecuadorans of the Andes Mountains seem to share the secret of long life, too.
These people remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time. While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Caucasians aged 100 to 140, work in the fields beside their great-great-grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked “at what age does youth end?”most of these old people had no answer. Several replied, “Well, perhaps at age 80.”
What accounts for this ability to survive to such old age, and to survive so well？First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived people. They begin their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. For example, Mr . Rustam Mamedov is 142 years of age. His wife is 116 years old. They have been married for 90 years. Mr. Mamedov has no intention of retiring from his life as a farmer. “Why？What else would I do？”he asks. All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. They live and work at elevations of 1,660 to 1,000 meters above sea level. The air has less oxygen and is pollution-free. This reduced-oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel(血管) system stronger.
Another factor that may contribute to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great extent, they are separated from the pressures and worries of industrial society. Inherited factors also play some role. Most of the longest-lived people had parents and grandparents who also reached very old ages. Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer.
【小題1】The example of Mr. and Mrs. Mamedov implies that some Caucasians aged 100 to 140 ____.

A．become weak and hopeless

B．a(chǎn)re too old to work in the fields

C．benefit from physical work

D．a(chǎn)re still working in the fields

【小題2】What is the main way of life for all of these long-lived people?

A．Retiring from their lives as farmers.

B．Having been married for 90 years.

C．Hard physical work.

D．Having no intentions.

【小題3】Which of the following factors isn’t helpful to people’s health and long life?

A．Clean mountain air.

B．Daily hard work.

C．Good genes

D．Stress and pressure.

I know what you’re thinking: pizza? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in the a.m. if you want to.
I know lots of women who skip breakfast, and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it. Some say they don’t have time, others think they’re “saving” calories, still others just don’t like breakfast food.
But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you’re trying to lose weight. “Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all,” says Katherine Brooking, R. D., who developed the super-easy eating plan for this year’s “SELF CHALLENGE”. And even pizza can be healthy if it’s loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece.
Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.
So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last night’s leftovers—it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow,” I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it…you may save yourself some pre-bedtime calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects.
【小題1】The word “l(fā)eftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means _________.

A．food remaining after a meal

B．things left undone

C．meals made of vegetables

D．pizza topped with fruit

【小題2】What can we infer from the text?

A．Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry.

B．Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.

C．There are some easy ways of cooking a meal.

D．Eating vegetables helps save energy.

【小題3】The text is written mainly for those ________.

A．who go to work early

B．who want to lose weight

C．who stay up late

D．who eat before sleep