“In only six days I lost seven pounds of weight.”
“Two full inches in the first three days!”
These are the kinds of statements used in magazine，newspaper，radio and television ads，promising new shapes and new looks to those who buy the medicine or the device. The promoters of products say they can shape the legs，slim the face，smooth wrinkles，or in some other way to add to beauty or desirability.
Often such products are nothing more than money­making things for their promoters. The results they produce are questionable，and some are dangerous to health.
To understand how these products can be legally promoted to the public，it is necessary to understand something of the laws covering their regulation. If the product is a drug，F(xiàn)DA(Food and Drug Administration)can require proof under the Food，Drug，and Cosmetic Act that is safe and effective before it is put on the market. But if the product is a device，F(xiàn)DA has no authority to require the proof of safety or effectiveness. If a product already on the market is a danger to health，F(xiàn)DA can request the producer or distributor to remove it from the market voluntarily，or it can take legal action，including seizure (查封) of the product.
One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor，which had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life.
Obviously，most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court proceedings (法律訴訟)，and new devices appear continually. Before buying，it is up to the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items.
【小題1】It can be inferred that the ads mentioned in the text are________.

A．objective

B．costly

C．unreliable

D．illegal

【小題2】Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．The court is in charge of removing dangerous products.
B．New products are more likely to be questionable. 
C．The production of a device must be approved by FDA.
D．The promoters usually just care about profits.
【小題3】FDA can ask for the proof of safety and effectiveness of a product________.

A．if it is a drug

B．if it is a device

C．if its consumers make complaints

D．if its distributors challenge FDA's authority

【小題4】The Relaxacisor is mentioned as________.

A．a(chǎn) product which was designed to produce electricity

B．a(chǎn) product whose distributor was involved in a legal case

C．a(chǎn) successful advertisement of a beauty product

D．a(chǎn)n example of a quality beauty product

Different exercise types have different purposes and different benefits. One type of exercise may not accomplish all goals of being physically fit: a healthy heart, strong muscles and bones, and safety from injury. As a result, it is important to do enough types of exercise to have all the physical benefits. Here is a quick check sheet.
Aerobic Exercise: To have a strong and healthy heart, you need to do aerobic exercise. This means that you need to exercise yourself enough so that your heart rate, while exercising, is 65 percent to 85 percent of your maximum heart rate. If you don’t get your heart rate up within this level—you just aren’t working hard enough. Whatever you do, your heart rate needs to be 65 percent to 85 percent of your MHR for 20 to 30 minutes, at least 3 times a week. Typical types include:
* Running
* Walking (at least 4 to 4.5 mph)
* Swimming
* Bikingk3s5u
* Elliptical Training (橢圓運(yùn)動(dòng))
* Yoga
Strength Training: To keep your muscles and bones strong, you need to do strength training. This comes in a variety of forms. Whatever you do, however, you need to train your muscles enough so that they are really tired by the end of each session. To see real benefits, make sure you are strength training 2 to 3 times a week for about 30 to 40 minutes. Typical types of strength training include:
* Weight Training
* Yoga
* Resistance Training
* Plyometrics（肌肉增強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練）
Flexibility Training: To keep your body flexible, reducing risk of injuries and pain in your joints and muscles, you need to do flexibility training. You should always aim to stretch every muscle after any exercise routine. Typical types of flexibility training include:
* Stretching
* Yoga
* Pilates（普拉提課程）
So next time you think that yoga 5 times a week will be enough, think about what it is really doing. Is it getting your heart rate up? Are you making up your strength? Are you keeping your muscles flexible?
【小題1】If your purpose is to _______, you can choose swimming as your exercise form.

A．build a strong and healthy heart

B．keep muscles and bones strong

C．keep body flexible

D．reduce risk of injuries and pain in joints and muscles

【小題2】After reading this passage, we know that ________.

A．Yoga is really better for people than running

B．The more exercise you do, the better

C．Flexibility training helps you build up your muscles

D．The three kinds of training have links with one another

【小題3】Which of the following is closest in meaning to “session” in Paragraph 3?

A．meeting

B．gathering

C．period

D．term

【小題4】The paragraph following this article may discuss_______.

A．how to find a good workout dealing with two or three of these goals

B．how to choose an exercise type

C．how to build up our strength

D．how to be more flexible

People who cannot tell all colors apart are said to be color-blind. Most color-blind people can see yellows and blues, but confuse reds with green. It is very rare for a person to be blind to all colors, but they may see everything in shades of black, white and gray.
It is interesting to point out that many color-blind people don’t even realize that they are color-blind, they don’t know that the colors they are seeing and naming are not the actual colors that people with normal vision can see. This can be dangerous when a color-blind person confuses the red and green of a traffic light.
Color blindness is thought to be inherited（遺傳）and although doctors have tested color blindness, there is no cure to treatment for it.
【小題1】There are four cards here, and each has two colors. Which card’s colors do you think a color-blind person can tell correctly?

A．Red, Green

B．Green, Yellow

C．Red, Brown

D．Brown, Yellow

【小題2】A color-blind person______.

A．a(chǎn)lways knows how color-blind he is

B．often gives the wrong name of colors

C．see everything as the same color

D．can hardly see something of strong colors

【小題3】It’s especially dangerous for a color-blind person to cross a street when_____

A．it is crowded

B．it is a dark night

C．there are no traffic lights at the cross of the streets

D．the traffic light turns red

【小題4】A person who is color-blind is believed to have something to do with_____.

A．his old age

B．his poor eyesight

C．his parents or grandparents

D．his living condition

【小題5】Up to now, doctors______.

A．have found a way to prevent a person from getting color-blind

B．have found a way to free a person from his color blindness

C．have been able to tell whether a person is color-blind or not

D．have made it quite clear the cause of color blindness

Every hour spent in watching TV, DVDs and videos as an adult reduces lifespan by almost 22 minutes, a study suggests. And viewing TV for an average of six hours a day can cut short your life by five years.
The research shows that a sedentary（久坐的） lifestyle is as bad for health as smoking and obesity, because of the dangers caused by inactivity and the greater opportunities it offers for unhealthy eating.
The researchers set out to calculate the overall risk to lifespan from watching television. Their research involved more than 11,000 people over the age of 25.
Writing in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, they concluded. "TV viewing time may be connected with a loss of life, which is similar to other major chronic disease risk factors such as physical inactivity and obesity."
The researchers, from the University of Queensland, used information from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, together with population and death rate data.
But they said: "Although we used Australian data, the effects in other industrialized and developing countries are likely to be similar, considering the large amounts of time spent watching TV and similarities in disease patterns." In the United Kingdom, the average amount of time spent watching TV is four hours a day, compared with five hours in the United States.
Earlier this year, a separate study suggested the risk of developing diabetes and heart disease, or dying early, rises by as much as 20 percent after just two hours a day in front of the box.
England's Chief Medical Officer, Sally Davies, said: "Physical activity offers huge benefits and these studies back what we already know - that a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks. We hope these studies will help more people realize that there are many ways to get exercise."
【小題1】We can learn from the passage that       .

A．whether you watch TV or not has nothing to do with how long you will live

B．if an adult watches TV for six hours every day, he will probably die five years earlier

C．physical inactivity and obesity won't shorten your life

D．a(chǎn) sedentary lifestyle offers huge benefits.

【小題2】The passage implies that _______.

A．The longer one watches TV every day, the shorter he lives.

B．The conclusion of the study is unbelievable because it's based on Australian data.

C．Watching TV does greater harm to health than smoking and obesity

D．Watching TV harms children as much as adults.

【小題3】What do we know from the last three paragraphs?

A．People in the United Kingdom watch TV longer than those in the United States.

B．That a sedentary lifestyle carries additional risks isn't supported by other studies.

C．Watching TV for two hours a day will increase the risk of illnesses or dying early by 20%.

D．Australian data is much different from that of other countries.

【小題4】The passage is intended to _______.

A．inform the readers of a research on watching TV

B．tell the readers large amounts of people often watch TV

C．tell the readers watching TV is also a good way to relax

D．warn the readers of the harm of watching TV and hope that they do sports

In today's fast-paced (快節(jié)奏) society, few people take time to enjoy the midday meal．Most of us just rush right through it. We grab a quick salad, or buy a sandwich and eat at our computers, Sometimes, if there is a deadline around the corner, we just skip lunch．
The development of technology hasn't done our eating habits much good either．We are constantly distracted by e-mail, social media, and 24 - hour news．Even when we do sit down for lunch, we are more connected to our hand - held electronic devices．
Long working hours can cause all kinds of health problems, and many developed countries have put in place labor laws specifically regarding the lunch break．These laws give employees the right to take a break during a long work shift, but it's up to them whether they do so or not．
Frank Partnoy, a former Wall Street trader, says that employers should encourage workers to take time off for lunch．This is because long lunch breaks can benefit both individuals and society.
Writing in The Guardian, Partnoy says that one obvious reason to take a lunch break is to slow down and gain some perspective（認(rèn)識(shí)）． A break from work allows us to think strategically and outside the box．It also puts our daily tasks into a broader context（背景）．
What we eat at lunch is also important．In Partnoy' s opinion, a fast food lunch is more harmful than not having lunch at all．  And it's not just about calories and unhealthy food．Recent studies show that fast food also has negative effects on how we think．
However, if we sit down at a proper restaurant and chat leisurely with colleagues, we are more likely to slow down, something that hardly can be achieved in a noisy and over — packed fast food chain．
Despite these benefits, some employees might still be unwilling to take time off for lunch．Partnoy's suggestion? Make skipping lunch difficult: Employers could ask workers to fill out a form stating their reasons for skipping the meal．
【小題1】What does the underlined phrase "skip lunch" mean in the first paragraph?

A．have a quick lunch	B．don't have lunch
C．work while having lunch	D．take a lunch break

【小題2】Which of the following is true according to the text?

A．Modern technology results in good diet habits．

B．Electronic devices make our life comfortable．

C．Many people are too busy to have a good lunch．

D．Laws have passed to make workers have lunch．

【小題3】According to Frank Partnoy, long lunch breaks            .

A．a(chǎn)re time for the workers to relax their mind

B．make the employees work longer hours

C．a(chǎn)re for employees to have a quick lunch

D．make the workers eat a proper lunch at home

【小題4】In Partnoy's opinion, a fast food lunch                .

A．saves a lot of time for a rest

B．a(chǎn)ffects people's way of thinking

C．is better than having no lunch

D．makes workers sit down and think

【小題5】What might be the author's purpose in writing the text?

A．To warn us not to eat fast food．

B．To introduce Frank Partnoy's opinion．

C．To encourage us to work more efficiently．

D．To show the importance of a proper lunch．

Cancer researchers urged people on Wednesday to take more vitamin D to lower risk of cancer, saying studies showed a clear link. “Our suggestion is for people to increase their intake (吸入，攝入), through diet or a vitamin supplement,” Dr. Cedric Garland said in a telephone interview.
Garland's research team reviewed 63 studies, including several large long-term ones, on the relationship between vitamin D and certain types of cancer worldwide between 1966 and 2004. “There's nothing that has this ability to prevent cancer,” he said, urging governments and public health officials to do more to fortify (增強(qiáng)) foods with vitamin D. Garland is part of a University of California at San Diego Moores Cancer Center team that published its findings this week online in the American Journal of Public Health. Vitamin D is found in milk, as well as in some fortified orange juice, yogurt and cheeses, usually at around 100 international units（IU）a serving. “People might want to consider a vitamin supplement to raise their intake to 1000 IUs per day” Garland said, adding that it was well within the safety guidelines established by the National Academy of Sciences.
The authors said that taking more vitamin D could be especially important for people living in northern areas, which receive less vitamin D from sunshine.
“African Americans, who don't produce as much of the vitamin because of their skin colour, could also benefit significantly from a higher intake,” the authors said.
【小題1】According to the passage, people are advised to take more Vitamin D, because__.

A．it is nutritious	B．it can’t harm people’s health
C．it can lower cancer risk	D．it is not taken enough every day

【小題2】Which of the following can not help people get more Vitamin D?

A．Have some sunshine	B．Have more meat
C．Have more fortified cheese	D．Have a vitamin supplement

【小題3】Who can Garland probably be?

A．A health researcher	B．A doctor
C．A scientist	D．A public health official

【小題4】Which of the following food can lower people‘s chance of getting cancer?

A．Milk	B．Fortified orange juice
C．Fortified yogurt	D．All of the above

【小題5】People from which area should take more Vitamin D according to the passage?

A．Asian people	B．African people
C．American people	D．European people

The economic growth that many nations in Asia and increasingly Africa have experienced over the past couple of decades has transformed hundreds of millions of lives – almost entirely for the better. But there’s a byproduct to that growth, one that’s evident – or sometimes less than evident – in the smoggy, smelly skies above cities like Beijing, New Delhi and Jakarta. Thanks to new cars and power plants, air pollution is bad and getting worse in much of the world, and it’s taking a major toll (傷亡人數(shù)，代價(jià)) on global health.
How big? According to a new analysis published in the Lancet, more than 3.2 million people suffered deaths from air pollution in 2010, the largest number on record. That’s up from 800,000 in 2000. And it’s a regional problem: 65% of those deaths occurred in Asia, where the air is choked by diesel soot (內(nèi)燃發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)煙霧) from cars and trucks, as well as the song from power plants and the dust from endless urban construction. In East Asia and China, 1.2 million people died, as well as another 712,000 in South Asia, including India. For the first time ever, air pollution is on the world’s top – 10 list of killers, and it’s moving up the ranks faster than any other factor.
So how can air pollution be so damaging? It is the very finest soot – so small that it roots deep within the lungs and from the enters the bloodstream – that contributes to most of the public – health toll of air pollution including death. Diesel soot, which can also cause cancer, is a major problem because it is concentrated in cities along transportation zones affecting overpopulated areas. It is thought to contribute to half the deaths from air pollution in urban centers. Fro example, 1 in 6 people in the U.S. live near a diesel – pollution hot spot like a rail yard, port terminal or freeway.
We also know that air pollution may be linked to other non – deadly diseases. Fortunately in the U.S. and other developed nations, urban air is for the most part cleaner than it was 30 or 40 years ago, thanks to regulations and new technologies like the catalytic converters (催化式排氣凈化器) that reduce automobile emissions. Governments are also pushing to make air cleaner – see the White House’s move last week to further tighten soot standards. It’s not perfect, but we’ve had much more success dealing with air pollution than climate change.
Will developing nations like India eventually catch up? Hopefully – though the problem may get worse before it gets better. The good news is that it doesn’t take a major technological advance to improve urban air. Switching from diesel fuel to unleaded (無(wú)鉛燃油) helps, as do newer and cleaner cars which are less likely to send out pollutants. Power plants – even ones that burn mineral fuels like coal – can be fitted with pollution – control equipment that, at a price, will greatly reduce smog and other pollutants.
But the best solutions may involve urban design. In the Guardian, John Vidal notes that Delhi now has 200 cars per 1,000 people, far more than much richer Asian cities like Hong Kong and Singapore. Developing cities will almost certainly see an increase in care ownership as residents become wealthier – and that doesn’t have to mean deadly air pollution. Higher incomes should also lead to tougher environmental regulations, witch is exactly what happened in the West. We can only hope it happens before the death toll from bad air gets even higher.
【小題1】What tends to give rise to the highest death toll according to the passage?

A．The lack of tight environmental protection standards.

B．The increasing numbers of the diesel cars and trucks.

C．The frighteningly high death rate from deadly cancer.

D．The world’s serious air pollution such as soot and dust.

【小題2】The “byproduct” (Paragraph 1) most probably refers to     .

A．consequence

B．solution

C．reform

D．design

【小題3】The basic reason why so many people die from air pollution is that       .

A．the diesel soot is too small to be seen

B．the diesel soot is much too poisonous to breathe

C．the diesel soot roots in lungs and gets into blood

D．the diesel soot can also contribute to deadly cancer

【小題4】According to the passage, the writer actually wants to convince the readers that        .

A．the global economic growth is mainly to blame for air pollution and climate change

B．the developing countries are repeating the same mistakes as the developed ones made

C．the ecological situation and air pollution in India are becoming worse and worse

D．the unbeatable air is increasingly becoming a major killer throughout the world

【小題5】By describing urban design as “the best solution” in the last paragraph, the writer means that        .

A．the making of tougher environmental regulations alone is of little use

B．more sever regulations should be made to handle air pollution

C．the urban construction in western developed countries is the best choice

D．the pace of development has to be slowed down to reduce air pollution

If you are having trouble falling asleep, you are in good company. About 65% of Americans said they have sleeping problems a few nights each week, according to a recent study by the National Sleep Foundation. Sleeping too little can lead to a higher risk of becoming fat and getting depressed(沮喪的). But before you go to a doctor for advice, it is worth examining your sleeping habits one more time. Some of your favorite evening habits may have something to do with the sleeping problems.
Setting a Bright Alarm Clock
The light of your bright alarm clock can prevent you from falling asleep. You can make your room as dark as possible. Cover the bright numbers with a book or consider buying a small travel clock. Your cellphone alarm may also do the trick.
Counting Sheep
When you just can’t  fall asleep, it’s useless to stay in bed to count sheep. If you’ve been trying to fall asleep for more than 30 minutes, the National Sleep Foundation suggests you get up to do some reading or watch TV for a while. Such activities will make you sleepy. Before you know it, you’ll be going back to bed really tired.
Exercising Late at Night?
Daytime workouts(鍛煉) will keep you full of energy for hours. That’s why you don’t want to exercise within three hours of hitting the sack. Fierce(劇烈的)  physical activity raise your body temperature and pumps your energy level—both are bad for a good night’s sleep.
【小題1】What can we learn from the first sentence of the passage?

A．It’s not good to fail to fall asleep at night.

B．People in a good company often have sleeping problems.

C．There are many people who have sleeping problems.

D．You should find someone to talk to if you can’t fall asleep.

【小題2】The underlined part “hitting the sack” in the last paragraph means “______”.

A．going back home	B．going to bed
C．going to the gym	D．falling asleep

【小題3】Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A．The bad results of getting too little sleep.

B．Why the bright alarm clock keeps you awake.

C．What to do if you can’t fall asleep after 30 minutes.

D．Why watching TV and reading books make people sleepy.

Although there is no possibility of living completely free of stress , it is possible to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it can’t be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for the ways to deal with stress.
Try physical activity
When you are nervous, angry or upset, try reducing the pressure through exercise of physical activity. Running, walking, playing tennis or working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try. Physical exercise will relieve your anxiety and worry and help you to relax. Your body and your mind will work together to ease the stress in your life.
Share your stress
It helps to talk to someone about your anxiety and worries. Perhaps a friend, family member, teacher or even your leader can help you a better view of what is troubling you. If you feel your problem is serious, you might seek professional help from psychologist or a doctor. Knowing when to ask for help is an important step in avoiding serious problem later
Take care of yourself
You should make every effort to eat well and get enough rest. If you easily get angry and cannot sleep well enough, or if you are not eating properly, it will be more likely that you will fall into stressful situations. If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you should consult a doctor
Make time for yourself
Schedule time for both work and entertainment. Don’t forget, play can be just as important to your over-all well-being as work. You need a break from your daily routine to just relax and have fun. Go window-shopping or work on a hobby. Allow yourself at least a half hour each day to do something you enjoy.
Make a list of things you need to do
Stress can result from disorganization and a feeling that “there is so much to do, and not enough time.” Trying to take care of everything at once can be too much for you and as a result, you may not achieve anything. Instead, make a list of everything you have to do, then do one thing at a time, checking off each task as it is completed. Set out to do the more important tasks first.
Go ahead and cry
A good cry can a healthy way to bring relief to your anxiety. It might even help you avoid a headache or other physical effect of anxiety and stress
【小題1】What is most probably the writer’s purpose in writing the article?

A．To release his or her working pressure

B．To help solve the universal problem of stress

C．To reduce her or his own anxiety

D．To help more people cry out

【小題2】 Physical activity can help people release stress in that ______

A．only your body movement can help you relax

B．your mind can work better to free you of anxiety

C．your body and mind can cooperate(合作) in releasing your stress

D．physics can always play in important part in reducing nervousness

【小題3】What is the similarity between “Share your stress” and “ Go ahead and cry”?_____

A．They both help you let out your feelings

B．They both need physical movement

C．They both require mental relaxation

D．They can help you live an orderly life

【小題4】The sentence “ Trying to take care of everything at once can be too much for you and as a result, you may not achieve anything” is close to the meaning of ______

A．Strike the iron while it is hot	B．Practice makes perfect
C．More hurry, less speed	D．Quietness wins time

People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you’re wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(體育館). Here, people are learning on special climbing walls. The climbing wall goes straight up and has small holding places for hands and feet.
How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and a harness(保護(hù)帶) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes(繩索)tied to your harness. The ropes hold you in place so that you don’t fall. A beginner’s wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it’s easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it’s not. The most difficult is to control your fear. It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the harness and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.
Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.
【小題1】What can we infer from the passage?

A．People are fairly interested in climbing nowadays.

B．It is impossible to build up one’s body by climbing.

C．People can only learn the skill of climbing outdoors.

D．It is always easy to see holding places in climbing.

【小題2】The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is _______.

A．to tie ropes to your harness	B．to control your fear
C．to move away from the wall	D．to climb straight up

【小題3】 The word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _________.

A．settlement	B．exercise
C．excitement	D．tiredness

【小題4】Why does the author write this passage?

A．To tell people where to find gyms.

B．To prove the basic need for climbing

C．To encourage people to climb mountains.

D．To introduce the sport of wall climbing

【小題5】Where do you suppose this text comes from?
A science book                      B. A sports magazine    
C. A research report                      D. A sports history book