懷仁七中九年級(jí)英語第二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案10-動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

                    英語組   云幸

                   動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

    考點(diǎn)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

 用法:(1)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài).

             He is ywelve.

             The door is open.

          (2).表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作.

             He gets up at six in the morning.

             She often goes to school by bike,sometimeson foot.

          (3)表示主語具備的性格和能力

             She likes noodles.

             They speak French.

          (4)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理.

             The earth goes round the sun.

             The sun rises in the east.

          (5)當(dāng)主句是一般將來時(shí),在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來.

             I'll let you know as soon as he comes back.

             If it rains tomorrow,he will stay at home.

          (6) 表安排或計(jì)劃好的將來動(dòng)作，只限于少數(shù)表示始終、來往的動(dòng)詞，如go

              Come,leave,arrive,reach,get,begin,start,end,close,be等。

          (7) 在某些以here ,there開頭的句子中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

              Here comes the bus . There goes the bell .

          (8)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語

              .always/ often /sometimes /usually /once a week/every day/every morning

              in the morning/on Sunday(s)/at times/on weekends.

考點(diǎn)２、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

（一）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：主語+am/is /are＋動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞

（二）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：

     1.表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

      The students are listening to the teacher.

      He is watching TV now.

     2.表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行）

      We are working on a farm these days.

      I'm writing a book this month.

     3.表示位置移動(dòng)的詞，如go ,come ,leave ,arrive ,have等常用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來，                                                                                                 一般同表將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。

      We are having a holiday next week .

      He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.

     4.表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作，常表示說話人的某種感情如贊揚(yáng)、厭煩等。常和always     連用。

      He is always thinking of others.

      You are always asking so many strange questions.

     5.當(dāng)句中出現(xiàn)"Look!""Listen!","It's 8:00 now.或部分祈使句"Don't make any noise,","Keep / Be quiet."時(shí)，多與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。

       Keep quiet. The baby is sleep .

       Look!What's happening over there ?

       It's seven o'clock now,Mr Smith is having breakfast.

     6.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語

       now , these days  , at the moment ,It's 7:00 now .

     7.下列動(dòng)詞一般不用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：

a.表示感覺的動(dòng)詞: see , hear

b.表示喜歡或厭惡的動(dòng)詞: like  ,love

c.表示希望的動(dòng)詞: want , would like

d.表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞: be

e.表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞: have

f.表示思維、知識(shí)或理解能力的動(dòng)詞: know , think ,forget

考點(diǎn)３、一般過去時(shí)

　　　用法：(1)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

              I saw him yesterday.

              We went there last week.

              He lost his wallet yesterday afternoon.

            (2)表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

              He always went to work by bus last year.

              Did you often swim last summer?

              She used to be a history teacher.

            (3)當(dāng)主句是過去將來時(shí)，在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，用一般過去時(shí)表示將來。

              Mr Smith said that he would go to the cinema with us if he had time.

            (4)一般過去時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語

             yesterday,  yesterday afternoon  last year/month/week/summer ,

             in 2007,just now   two days ago , the other day , a moment ago

             the day before yesterday, when he was ten

考點(diǎn)４、一般將來時(shí)

(1)構(gòu)成：will / shall +動(dòng)詞原形

                 be going to +動(dòng)詞原形

(2)用法：

1.表示將來某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示將來經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

I’ll go to my hometown next week .

We will come to see you every Sunday.

2.”be going to＋動(dòng)詞原形” “be about to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事情。

They are going to meet outside the school gate .

We are not going to have any classes next week .

3. be＋不定式to do 表將來

She is to look for a new job next year .

4.在表示建議或征求對(duì)方意見時(shí)，可用Shall I /we…?

Shall we go at ten ?

It’s hot today. Shall I open the window ?

5.在問對(duì)方是否愿意，或表示客氣的邀請(qǐng)或命令時(shí)，常用Will you…?

Will you go out for a walk with me ?

Will you close the door when you go out ?

6.一般將來時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語

tomorrow ,next week /year/month , this evening ,soon , in three days,some day,

in the future, from now on ,in a minute ,the day after tomorrow ,next time

考點(diǎn)5、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

（一）      構(gòu)成：was/were + 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞

（二）      用法

1.表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

What were you doing this time yesterday? We were working in class.

He was mending his bike at ten o’clock yesterday.

I was drowing a horse when the teacher came in .

While she was trying to pass a truck before her ,she saw another car coming.

2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語

at eight last night , from 7o’clock to 9 o’clock,at this time yesterday,at that time

those days,just then , when/while引起的時(shí)間狀語從句。

3．句型   肯定句；主語+ was/were + 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+ 其它

否定句：主語+ was/were +not+ 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+ 其它

一般疑問句：Was/Were+主語+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+ 其它 ?

肯定回答： Yes, 主語 +was/were    否定回答：No, 主語+wasn’t/weren’t

特殊疑問句：疑問詞+ was / were +主語+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其它 ?

考點(diǎn)6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

（一）      構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have/has+過去分詞

（二）      用法：

1.表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。

Have you had your lunch yet ? Yes,I have .I’ve just had it .

I have opened the door.

He has finished his homework already.

2.表示從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過去某一時(shí)刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性的。

I’ve known Li Lei for three years .

They have lived here since 1996 .

How long have you worked in this factory ?

She has taught us since I came to this school.

3.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與一段時(shí)間連用時(shí)可采用下述三種方法：

a.將非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

b.將時(shí)間狀語改為過去時(shí)間，并用一般過去時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

c.用句型It is+一段時(shí)間+since從句（從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的一般過去式）表示。

4.用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語

for +一段時(shí)間  ,since +過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) ,since +從句（一般過去時(shí)）

these days ,in/during the last/past few years ,  so far ,  twice ,  all one’s life , already

yet  ,just  ,ever ,  never,  before , over the year  , ever since

非考點(diǎn)7、過去完成時(shí)

1.構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

2.用法： ①表示在過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。

②表示在過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。

③表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始持續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

3.與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語：by last week ,by the end of last year ,before last week ,by then

before I got to the theatre , by the time….

非考點(diǎn)8、過去將來時(shí)

1.構(gòu)成：would + 動(dòng)詞原形       

    was / were going to  + 動(dòng)詞原形 

2.用法：①表示從過去某一時(shí)間看將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用在賓語從句中.

            ②表示曾經(jīng)打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的動(dòng)作，用was / were going to  + 動(dòng)詞原形  。

            He said he would buy some fruit for his sister .

            He asked when the meeting would end .

            I thought it was going to rain soon .